scholarly journals Inheritance of an Albino-Virescent Leaf Mutant in the Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

ABSTRACT An Albino-Virescent Leaf mutant was recently found in an advanced Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding line, GA 082524. This breeding line was derived from the cross of ‘Georgia-02C' x (‘Georgia-01R' x ‘COAN'), none of which have exhibited any mutant phenotypes in the past. The Albino-Virescent leaf mutant was selected and reciprocal crosses made with GA 082524 to determine the inheritance of this unusual chlorophyll deficiency. F1 and F2 data indicated a single recessive gene, avl, controlled the Albino-Virescent leaf trait. Chi-square analysis indicated a good fit to the expected 3:1 segregation ratio. No maternal or cytoplasmic effects were detected among the progenies from reciprocal hybridization.

scholarly journals Revolute-Leaf, a New Completely Dominant Mutant in Peanut

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Mutant Plant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Dominant Mutant ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Light Green

ABSTRACT A Revolute-Leaf mutant plant was discovered in an advanced Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding line, GA 112702. The mutant had leaf margins that curve downward on each of the four small light-green leaflets. Two cross combinations were used to determine the inheritance of this new mutant. F1, F2, and F3 segregation data strongly supported a single completely dominant gene, designated Rev, controlling the inheritance of the Revolute-Leaf mutant. The F2:3 homozygous revolute-leaf individual plants had shorter mainstem heights, narrower leaflet length and width, narrower canopy width, reduced pod and seed weights, but similar SMK percentages compared to the F2:3 homozygous normal leaf plants resulting from the same closely related cross combination (GA 112702 x Revoluted-Leaf mutant).

scholarly journals Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Three Isozymes in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Grieshammer ◽  
Johnny C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Because of the importance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as an oil, food, and feed source worldwide and the contributions of breeding and genetics to yield and quality improvement, it is desirable to understand the genetic structure of the plant. Isozymes have been used to gain an understanding of the genetic structure of several plant species. However, we found no literature on the inheritance of isozymes in peanut. The F1 and F2 seed of several crosses between cultivars and plant introduction lines of three botantical types of peanut were used to investigate the inheritance of three isozymes by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis: phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT). Each of the three enzymes displayed two different banding patterns, the difference being the presence vs. the absence of either one (IDH) or two (PHI, GOT) bands. Chi-square analysis for goodness of fit of the observed F2 segregation ratios to ratios expected from genetic models indicated that the polymorphisms for both PHI and IDH are controlled by single genes. Two loci, Phi-1 and Idh-1, respectively, are proposed. Sixty-five of 71 F1 progeny monitored for GOT showed the banding pattern of the male parent. The F2 progeny segregated into the two parental types, but the ratios did not fit a simple genetic model. Possible explanations for the observed paternal inheritance of GOT include biparental transmission of plastids, prezygotic RNA synthesis and genomic imprinting.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Spear-Shaped Leaf in Peanut

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Mutant Plant ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Segregation Data ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Leaf Mutant

ABSTRACT Recently, a single Spear-shaped Leaf mutant plant was discovered in the ‘Georgia-06G' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar. The mutant had narrow leaflets with each leaflet tapering to a point which gives the appearance of a spearhead shape. Three cross combinations were used to determine the inheritance of this new mutant. F1, F2, and F3 segregation data strongly supported a single incompletely dominant gene, designated SpL, controlling the inheritance of the Spear-shaped Leaf trait. The F2:3 homozygous spear-shaped individual plants had taller mainstem heights, narrower leaflet width, reduced pod weight, and lower SMK percentages compared to the F2:3 homozygous normal leaf plants resulting from the same closely related cross combination (Georgia-06G x Spear-shaped Leaf mutant).

scholarly journals DISTORTED MENDELIAN INHERITANCE OF THE FUSED VEIN TRAIT IN CUCURBITA PEPC L.: A CASE FOR GAMETIC SELECTION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1161b-1161
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Carle ◽  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Gametic Selection ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The recessive leaf trait, fused vein (fv), in Cucurbita pepo L. is expressed by the sixth leaf stage and then throughout vegetative growth. It is characterized by the partial fusion of the lateral leaf veins to the main central vein. Consequently, the dorsal leaf surface is distinctively puckered. Use of fv as a genetic marker in hull-less seeded pumpkin lines is hampered, however, by a low recovery of fv plants in segregating populations. Homogeneity Chi Square analysis of 11 F2 (3:1 X2 = 72.05 P < 0.005) and 16 BC (1:1 X2 = 120.12 P < 0.005) populations indicated significant heterogeneity between populations for fv recovery. Recovery ranged from 0 to 35.5% for 11 F2 populations and from 6.8 to 75.4% for 16 BC populations. There was a significant reduction, 35%, in seed yield/fruit when fv pollen was used to hand pollinate fv, normal (N), and F1 flowers as compared to pollinations with N pollen. In pollen competition studies, reduced competition at low levels of F1 or 50:50 fv/N pollen increased fv recovery in F2 and BC populations. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fv trait confers gametic subvitality resulting in distorted Mendelian segregation.

Inheritance of fresh seed dormancy in recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed for mapping population TAG 24 x GPBD 4 in groundnut (Arachis hypogeal L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Naganagoudar ◽  
P. V. Kenchanagoudar ◽  
Santosha Rathod ◽  
C. M. Keerthi ◽  
H. L. Nadaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Fresh Seed ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Pre harvest sprouting in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds belonging to sub species fastigiata is undesirable, since it leads to substantial loss of seeds, both in quantity and quality. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of fresh seed dormancy in mapping population of TAG 24 x GPBD 4, where in 268 RILs developed from this mapping population. Freshly harvested seeds of mature pods from these RILs were assessed for this dormancy by paper towel test method in laboratory. In the mapping population developed from TAG 24 x GPBD 4, the chi square (c2) test was not significant for the deviation from the expected 3:1 (dormant: non-dormant) ratio. Here it fitted in the 15:1 (non-dormant: dormant) ratio at 14 days after harvest (< 70%). This study showed that seed dormancy in this mapping population was controlled by duplicate recessive gene.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Sterile Brachytic and Sterile Dwarf Plants in Peanut

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-118
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
J. P. Clevenger ◽  
B. M. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Short Stem ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Fertile Pollen ◽  
Recessive Genes

ABSTRACT Infraspecific cross combinations between the two subspecies of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea and ssp. fastigiata) result in sterile brachytic plants. These sterile brachytic plants have short stem internodes with clustering of the four leaflets without apparent rachis, shortened petiole, and absent of flowers. In the present study, phenotypically similar sterile dwarf plants were also found but with apparently fertile pollen, female sterile flowers, and visible rachis and petiolate leaflets, within subspecies hypogaea cross combination. Inheritance data suggested two or four recessive genes controlling the sterile brachytic plants found in F2 populations between the two subspecies hypogaea x fastigiata crosses. However, only one recessive gene (sdw) was proposed for the similar sterile dwarf plants found in different F2 populations within ssp. hypogaea x hypogaea crosses.

Pod Breakdown Resistance in Peanuts1

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Porter ◽  
K. H. Garren ◽  
P. H. van Schaik
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Resistance To Infection

Abstract During 19 69–73, 13 commonly grown Virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, 15 plant introductions. and two breeding lines were evaluated under field conditions for resistance to the pod breakdown fungi Pythium myriotylum and Rhizoctonia solani. Four cultivars—Early Runner. Florunner, Florigiant, and NC 17—having related pedigrees were consistently more resistant to infection by these two fungi. P.I. 341880 and P.I. 341885 and Florida breeding line F439–16–6 showed similar resistance to infection. Cultivars most susceptible to pod breakdown were NC 5, Va. 56R, Ga. 119–20 and Va. 72R. P.I. 343410 and a selection from P.I. 319178 were extremely susceptible to pod breakdown. Resistance to pod breakdown seems to have been derived from a cross between a small, white-seeded Spanish-type peanut and Dixie Giant, a large-seeded Virginia-type peanut. All resistant cultivars are related to this cross, whereas the susceptible cultivars lack these parental types in the pedigrees.

scholarly journals Oligogenic Inheritance of Resistance to Plum Pox Virus in Apricots

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Salava ◽  
J. Polák ◽  
B. Krška
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Oligogenic Inheritance ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Dominant Genes

In order to determine the inheritance of resistance to PPV in apricot three crosses between resistant and susceptible cultivars and selections were performed. The B<sub>1</sub> seedlings were inoculated with the PPV-M strain by an infected bud. PPV infection was evaluated over 5 consecutive growth periods through visual symptoms, ELISA and in some cases reverse transcriptase PCR assays. Chi-square analysis of each B<sub>1</sub> progeny was performed to determine if the segregation ratio differed from the expected ratio. PPV resistance segregated in three apricot B<sub>1</sub>progenies in a 1:7 (resistant:susceptible) ratio, indicating that resistance was controlled by three independent dominant complementary genes. All three dominant genes are needed for the resistance to be expressed, and the lack of any one of the dominant alleles will result in susceptibility. This knowledge will help us in effective planning of apricot breeding programs with this subjective.

Segregation of glutenins in wheat × maize-derived doubled haploid wheat populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kammholz ◽  
Raechelle A. Grams ◽  
Phillip M. Banks ◽  
Mark W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Group 1 Chromosomes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The segregation of both high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits across 7 F1 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × maize (Zea mays L.) derived doubled haploid populations was examined. The F1 wheats used in each population were produced from parents of interest to Australian wheat breeding programs. The parents varied by up to 5 glutenin subunit loci. Examination of subunits individually within each population using a chi-square analysis revealed that all but 2 of the 26 pairs of alleles analysed fitted the expected 1 : 1 segregation ratio. Glutenin profiles were examined for each cross individually and all but one (Sonalika/Hartog) fitted the expected Mendelian segregation pattern. The analysis of allele distribution of the 6 glutenin loci across all 7 crosses showed all falling well within expected segregation ratios. Closer examination of parental lines and populations revealed irregularities which conflict with original assumptions and provide a valid explanation for the few segregation distortions observed. It is concluded that wheat × maize-derived doubled haploid populations represent a unbiased assortment of parental gametes on both arms of Group 1 chromosomes.

scholarly journals Selective Genotyping With Epistasis Can Be Utilized for a Major Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping in Hypertension in Rats

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Ohno ◽  
Hisao Tanase ◽  
Toru Nabika ◽  
Keiichi Otsuka ◽  
Takayuki Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Selective Genotyping ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Lod Score ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Epistasis used to be considered an obstacle in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) despite its significance. Numerous epistases have proved to be involved in quantitative genetics. We established a backcross model that demonstrates a major QTL for hypertension (Ht). Seventy-eight backcrossed rats (BC), derived from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Fischer 344 rats, showed bimodal distribution of systolic blood pressure (BP) values and a phenotypic segregation ratio consistent with 1:1. In this backcross analysis, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-dependent ATPase (Serca) II heterozygotes showed widespread bimodality in frequency distribution of BP values and obviously demonstrated Ht. First, in genome-wide screening, Mapmaker/QTL analysis mapped Ht at a locus between D1Mgh8 and D1Mit4 near Sa in all 78 BC. The peak logarithm of the odds (LOD) score reached 5.3. Second, Serca II heterozygous and homozygous BC were analyzed separately using Mapmaker/QTL. In the 35 Serca II heterozygous BC, the peak LOD score was 3.8 at the same locus whereas it did not reach statistical significance in the 43 Serca II homozygotes. Third, to map Ht efficiently, we selected 18 Serca II heterozygous BC with 9 highest and 9 lowest BP values. In these 18 BC, the peak LOD score reached 8.1. In 17 of the 18, D1Mgh8 genotypes (homo or hetero) qualitatively cosegregated with BP phenotypes (high or low) (P &lt; 0.0001, by chi-square analysis). In conclusion, selective genotyping with epistasis can be utilized for a major QTL mapping near Sa on chromosome 1 in SHR.

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