Segregation of glutenins in wheat × maize-derived doubled haploid wheat populations

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kammholz ◽  
Raechelle A. Grams ◽  
Phillip M. Banks ◽  
Mark W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Group 1 Chromosomes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The segregation of both high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits across 7 F1 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × maize (Zea mays L.) derived doubled haploid populations was examined. The F1 wheats used in each population were produced from parents of interest to Australian wheat breeding programs. The parents varied by up to 5 glutenin subunit loci. Examination of subunits individually within each population using a chi-square analysis revealed that all but 2 of the 26 pairs of alleles analysed fitted the expected 1 : 1 segregation ratio. Glutenin profiles were examined for each cross individually and all but one (Sonalika/Hartog) fitted the expected Mendelian segregation pattern. The analysis of allele distribution of the 6 glutenin loci across all 7 crosses showed all falling well within expected segregation ratios. Closer examination of parental lines and populations revealed irregularities which conflict with original assumptions and provide a valid explanation for the few segregation distortions observed. It is concluded that wheat × maize-derived doubled haploid populations represent a unbiased assortment of parental gametes on both arms of Group 1 chromosomes.

Distribution of DArT, AFLP, and SSR markers in a genetic linkage map of a doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassa Semagn ◽  
Åsmund Bjørnstad ◽  
Helge Skinnes ◽  
Anne Guri Marøy ◽  
Yalew Tarkegne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Dart Markers ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Diversity Arrays Technology

A genetic linkage mapping study was conducted in 93 doubled-haploid lines derived from a cross between Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell 'Arina' and a Norwegian spring wheat breeding line, NK93604, using diversity arrays technology (DArT), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The objective of this study was to understand the distribution, redundancy, and segregation distortion of DArT markers in comparison with AFLP and SSR markers. The map contains a total of 624 markers with 189 DArTs, 165 AFLPs and 270 SSRs, and spans 2595.5 cM. All 3 marker types showed significant (p < 0.01) segregation distortion, but it was higher for AFLPs (24.2%) and SSRs (22.6%) than for DArTs (13.8%). The overall segregation distortion was 20.4%. DArTs showed the highest frequency of clustering (27.0%) at < 0.5 cM intervals between consecutive markers, which is 3 and 15 times higher than SSRs (8.9%) and AFLPs (1.8%), respectively. This high proportion of clustering of DArT markers may be indicative of gene-rich regions and (or) the result of inclusion of redundant clones in the genomic representations, which was supported by the presence of very high correlation coefficients (r > 0.98) and multicollinearity among the clustered markers. The present study is the first to compare the utility of DArT with AFLP and SSR markers, and the present map has been successfully used to identify novel QTLs for resistance to Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew and for anther extrusion, leaf segment incubation, and latency.Key words: 'Arina', diversity arrays technology, double haploid, genetic map, marker clustering, microsatellite.

scholarly journals DISTORTED MENDELIAN INHERITANCE OF THE FUSED VEIN TRAIT IN CUCURBITA PEPC L.: A CASE FOR GAMETIC SELECTION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1161b-1161
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Carle ◽  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Gametic Selection ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The recessive leaf trait, fused vein (fv), in Cucurbita pepo L. is expressed by the sixth leaf stage and then throughout vegetative growth. It is characterized by the partial fusion of the lateral leaf veins to the main central vein. Consequently, the dorsal leaf surface is distinctively puckered. Use of fv as a genetic marker in hull-less seeded pumpkin lines is hampered, however, by a low recovery of fv plants in segregating populations. Homogeneity Chi Square analysis of 11 F2 (3:1 X2 = 72.05 P < 0.005) and 16 BC (1:1 X2 = 120.12 P < 0.005) populations indicated significant heterogeneity between populations for fv recovery. Recovery ranged from 0 to 35.5% for 11 F2 populations and from 6.8 to 75.4% for 16 BC populations. There was a significant reduction, 35%, in seed yield/fruit when fv pollen was used to hand pollinate fv, normal (N), and F1 flowers as compared to pollinations with N pollen. In pollen competition studies, reduced competition at low levels of F1 or 50:50 fv/N pollen increased fv recovery in F2 and BC populations. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fv trait confers gametic subvitality resulting in distorted Mendelian segregation.

scholarly journals Mapping components of flour and noodle colour in Australian wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Mares ◽  
A. W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Flour Colour ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Light Reflectance ◽  
Australian Wheat

Flour and noodle colour influence the value of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and are obvious targets for breeders seeking to improve quality, end-product range, and marketability of wheat. The objective of this investigation was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with flour and noodle colour traits and with individual components of colour. One hundred and sixty-three doubled haploid lines derived from Sunco Tasman, white-grained, prime hard, and hard wheats adapted to the north-eastern region of Australia were used for the bulk of this study and were supplemented by doubled haploid populations derived from CD87 Katepwa and Cranbrook Halberd for comparisons of flour colour. Samples of Sunco Tasman, together with parental lines, were grown at Narrabri, NSW, in 1998 and 1999 and at Roma, Qld, in 1998 and used for visible light reflectance measurements of flour brightness (CIE L*) and yellowness (CIE b*), and white salted noodle (WSN) and yellow alkaline noodle (YAN) brightness, yellowness, and colour stability. Xanthophyll content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were measured spectrophotometrically. No consistent QTLs were identified for flour L* or initial L* of WSN and YAN. Xanthophyll content was very strongly associated with QTLs located on chromosomes 3B and 7A and these QTLs also had a major influence on flour b*, WSN b*, and YAN b*. Noodle brightness at 2, 24, and 48 h and the magnitude of change in noodle L* and b* with time were affected by QTLs on 2D, contributed by Tasman, and, to a lesser degree, 2A. The QTL on 2D was clearly associated with control of grain PPO, an enzyme implicated in darkening of Asian style noodles. QTLs located on 2B, 4B, and 5B and associated with control of grain size or flour protein content also appeared to influence a number of colour traits.

scholarly journals A Genetic Linkage Map of Nonheading Chinese Cabbage

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Feng Geng ◽  
Cheng-Song Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Yuan-Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mendelian Segregation

Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt, known as nonheading chinese cabbage in China, is an important vegetable in eastern Asia and its genetic improvement requires a genetic linkage map. The first genetic linkage map of nonheading chinese cabbage using 112 doubled haploid lines derived from a released F1 hybrid cultivar Shulü between two lines SW-3 and Su-124 was constructed in this paper. One hundred thirty-eight molecular markers were mapped into 14 linkage groups. Among these markers, there were 77 sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers, 27 simple sequence repeat markers, 21 random amplification polymorphic DNA markers, and 13 intersimple sequence repeat markers. Chi-square tests showed that 54 markers are distorted from Mendelian segregation ratios, and the direction of the distortion is mainly toward the maternal parent SW-3. The distortion affects not only the estimation of genetic distance, but also the order of distorted markers on a same linkage group. Given a specific marker order, the authors proposed a multipoint approach to correct the linkage map in an unbiased manner in an F2 population while considering distorted, dominant, and missing markers. A new method was used to correct the linkage map in the doubled haploid population mentioned earlier considering new, distorted, and missing markers. The total length of the corrected linkage map was 1923.75 cM, with an average marker spacing of 15.52 cM. The map will facilitate selective breeding and mapping of quantitative trait loci.

scholarly journals Oligogenic Inheritance of Resistance to Plum Pox Virus in Apricots

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Salava ◽  
J. Polák ◽  
B. Krška
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Oligogenic Inheritance ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Dominant Genes

In order to determine the inheritance of resistance to PPV in apricot three crosses between resistant and susceptible cultivars and selections were performed. The B<sub>1</sub> seedlings were inoculated with the PPV-M strain by an infected bud. PPV infection was evaluated over 5 consecutive growth periods through visual symptoms, ELISA and in some cases reverse transcriptase PCR assays. Chi-square analysis of each B<sub>1</sub> progeny was performed to determine if the segregation ratio differed from the expected ratio. PPV resistance segregated in three apricot B<sub>1</sub>progenies in a 1:7 (resistant:susceptible) ratio, indicating that resistance was controlled by three independent dominant complementary genes. All three dominant genes are needed for the resistance to be expressed, and the lack of any one of the dominant alleles will result in susceptibility. This knowledge will help us in effective planning of apricot breeding programs with this subjective.

Anther Culture of Australian Wheat Germplasm Using Modified C17 Medium and Membrane Rafts

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Luckett ◽  
S Venkatanagappa ◽  
NL Darvey ◽  
RA Smithard
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Membrane Rafts ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Culture Procedure

Experiments with wheat anther culture were conducted with the aim of assembling a workable system for doubled-haploid production for Australian wheat breeding. One Australian cultivar, Grebe, carrying the 1BL/1RS translocation was particularly responsive. A modified C17 medium was developed which proved effective when solidified with agarose or when used as a liquid in conjunction with membrane support rafts. The membrane rafts have great potential to assist the development of the anther culture procedure since the medium can be rapidly replenished or replaced with minimal disturbance of the tissue.

scholarly journals Inheritance of an Albino-Virescent Leaf Mutant in the Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

ABSTRACT An Albino-Virescent Leaf mutant was recently found in an advanced Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding line, GA 082524. This breeding line was derived from the cross of ‘Georgia-02C' x (‘Georgia-01R' x ‘COAN'), none of which have exhibited any mutant phenotypes in the past. The Albino-Virescent leaf mutant was selected and reciprocal crosses made with GA 082524 to determine the inheritance of this unusual chlorophyll deficiency. F1 and F2 data indicated a single recessive gene, avl, controlled the Albino-Virescent leaf trait. Chi-square analysis indicated a good fit to the expected 3:1 segregation ratio. No maternal or cytoplasmic effects were detected among the progenies from reciprocal hybridization.

scholarly journals Selective Genotyping With Epistasis Can Be Utilized for a Major Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping in Hypertension in Rats

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Ohno ◽  
Hisao Tanase ◽  
Toru Nabika ◽  
Keiichi Otsuka ◽  
Takayuki Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Selective Genotyping ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Lod Score ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Epistasis used to be considered an obstacle in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) despite its significance. Numerous epistases have proved to be involved in quantitative genetics. We established a backcross model that demonstrates a major QTL for hypertension (Ht). Seventy-eight backcrossed rats (BC), derived from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Fischer 344 rats, showed bimodal distribution of systolic blood pressure (BP) values and a phenotypic segregation ratio consistent with 1:1. In this backcross analysis, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-dependent ATPase (Serca) II heterozygotes showed widespread bimodality in frequency distribution of BP values and obviously demonstrated Ht. First, in genome-wide screening, Mapmaker/QTL analysis mapped Ht at a locus between D1Mgh8 and D1Mit4 near Sa in all 78 BC. The peak logarithm of the odds (LOD) score reached 5.3. Second, Serca II heterozygous and homozygous BC were analyzed separately using Mapmaker/QTL. In the 35 Serca II heterozygous BC, the peak LOD score was 3.8 at the same locus whereas it did not reach statistical significance in the 43 Serca II homozygotes. Third, to map Ht efficiently, we selected 18 Serca II heterozygous BC with 9 highest and 9 lowest BP values. In these 18 BC, the peak LOD score reached 8.1. In 17 of the 18, D1Mgh8 genotypes (homo or hetero) qualitatively cosegregated with BP phenotypes (high or low) (P &lt; 0.0001, by chi-square analysis). In conclusion, selective genotyping with epistasis can be utilized for a major QTL mapping near Sa on chromosome 1 in SHR.

PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽  
Ujang Maman ◽  
Junaidi J
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

The Effect of Sanctions on Cooperative Behavior: A Study on Medium Trust Individuals in the Context of Corruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Rosiana ◽  
Achmad Djunaidi ◽  
Indun Lestari Setyono ◽  
Wilis Srisayekti
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Personal Interests

This study aims to describe the effect of sanctions (individual sanctions, collective sanctions, and absence of sanctions) on cooperative behavior of individuals with medium trust in the context of corruption. Both collective sanctions and individual sanctions, are systemic, which means sanctioning behavior is exercised not by each individual but by the system. Cooperative behavior in this context means choosing to obey rules, to reject acts of corruption and to prioritize public interests rather than the personal interests. Conversely, corruption is an uncooperative behavior to the rules, and ignores the public interest and prioritizes personal interests. Research subjects were 62 students. The Chi-Square Analysis was used to see the association between the variables and the logistic regression model was applied to describe the structure of this association. Individual sanction is recommended as punishment to medium trust individuals to promote cooperative behavior in the context of corruption. The results showed that individuals with medium trust had more cooperative behavior.

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