scholarly journals The Effect of Picloram Plus 2,4-Dichlorphenoxyacetic Acid on Peanut Growth and Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
O.W. Carter ◽  
E.P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Contaminated Irrigation Water ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) injury, in the form of leaf roll, is often observed in peanut fields due to short crop rotations, contaminated irrigation water, treated hay, and contaminated livestock waste. Limited data on peanut response to picloram is available. Field trials were conducted near Tifton, GA from 2015-2017 to determine the effects of picloram plus 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on peanut growth and yield. Picloram plus 2,4-D was applied to ‘GA-06G' peanut at four different timings: preemergence (PRE), 30 d after planting (DAP), 60 DAP, and 90 DAP. At each timing, three rates of picloram plus 2,4-D were applied including the following: 1/10thX (0.18 + 0.67 kg ai/ha); 1/100thX (0.018 + 0.067 kg ai/ha); and 1/300thX (0.006 + 0.023 kg ai/ha). A non-treated control (NTC) or 0 rate was included for comparison. Peanut plant density was not influenced by any rate or timing of picloram plus 2,4-D. For peanut injury (leaf roll), a significant rate x timing interaction was observed (P=0.047). At 120 DAP, leaf roll was significant for the 1/10thX rate applied at 30, 60, and 90 DAP, the 1/100thX rate applied at 60 and 90 DAP, and for the 1/300thX rate applied at 90 DAP. When averaged over timing, peanut height at 120 DAP was significantly reduced by the 1/10thX and 1/100thX rates. When averaged over rate, peanut height reductions were greatest when picloram plus 2,4-D was applied at 60 DAP. When averaged over timing, only the 1/10thX rate caused significant yield reductions (11%). When averaged over rate, timing had no effect on yield (P=0.5403). Peanut fields unintentionally exposed to picloram plus 2,4-D rates ≤ 1/100thX can exhibit typical injury symptoms but most likely will not experience yield losses.

FIELD MEASUREMENT OF DROPLET DRIFT FROM GROUND SPRAYERS. I. SAMPLING, ANALYTICAL, AND DATA INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GROVER ◽  
L. A. KERR ◽  
J. MAYBANK ◽  
K. YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Integration Techniques ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A procedure for the evaluation of ground deposits and droplet drift characteristics from a typical farm sprayer under actual field conditions is described. It involves sampling both the ground deposits on the swath and the air-borne cloud mass, the latter at various heights and distances downwind from the target area. The system was evaluated with the commonly used 65° flat-fan nozzles operated at 280 kPa which provided an application rate of 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-D amine (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in 56 ℓ water/ha. The spray solution also contained a fluorescent dye as a tracer. A portable meteorological station, where a number of meteorological parameters can be measured or recorded during the course of a field trial, is also described. Results of four field trials are presented with discussion regarding on-swath deposit density and its distribution over the swath, off-swath drifting cloud mass and its deposition and decay as a function of distance, and mass balance.

scholarly journals Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and NPK Fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
E.K. Eifediyi ◽  
F.O. Ogedegbe ◽  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
C.A. Adedokun ◽  
A. Katibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Savannah Zone

Abstract The Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria is beset by increasing population and infrastructural development, thereby putting pressure on available land with rapidly declining fertility due to low organic matter content, soil erosion, high temperature and seasonal bush burning. Sesame is cultivated in this zone and the yield has remained very low, compared to yield in other parts of the world. This could be attributed to poor nutrient status and poor cultural practices used by peasant farmers. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, in a southern Guinea savannah zone in 2015 and repeated in 2016 cropping season to determine the effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out as a factorial arrangement, fitted into a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The factors imposed were 2,4-D (0, 5 and 10 ppm ha−1) and NPK 15:15:15 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1). Data were collected on vegetative traits (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area) and yield components (number of capsules per plant; yield per plant and per hectare). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Genstat statistical package 17th edition and significant means were separated by using the least significant difference at 5% level of probability. The result revealed that using plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer had significant effects (p<0.05) on plant height (151 cm) and yield per hectare (530 kg/ha). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the seeds further reaffirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which are important health promoting food in the seeds.

scholarly journals Effects of beet western yellows virus on growth and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. JAY ◽  
S. ROSSALL ◽  
H. G. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Pod Wall ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
And Control

Field trials were undertaken in Suffolk in commercial crops of autumn-sown oilseed rape cv. Capricorn during 1993/94, cv. Apex in 1994/95. Plots were artificially infected with beet western yellows virus (BWYV) using viruliferous Myzus persicae, giving 73 to 94% infection. Control plots had natural infection ranging from 0 to 17·8%. Destructive plant samples were taken from each of the infected and control plots throughout the seasons for growth analyses, and final yields were measured on 44 m2 areas combine harvested from each plot. The seed yields of infected plots were 26 and 11% lower than control plots in 1994 and 1995 respectively (P<0·001).Harvested seed yields were shown to be inversely proportional to the area of the plot that was inoculated with BWYV. Infection significantly lowered the oil content in 1995 from 47·9 to 46·8% (P<0·001), and increased glucosinolate levels from 16·12 to 18·37 μmol/g (P<0·01). BWYV caused a significant reduction in plant height and in numbers of primary branches in the 1993/94 trial and had an effect on the dry weight of the leaves, stalks, racemes and pods at some sample dates in both seasons. Virus-testing of infected plants showed that BWYV was present in the pod wall, the septum and seed coat; two of 78 embryo samples also contained virus. It was concluded that BWYV can cause significant yield losses in those years in which there is a high incidence of virus in the overwintered crops.

scholarly journals Foliar Treatments of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid for Control of Common Scab in Potato Have Beneficial Effects on Powdery Scab Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Katherine Thompson ◽  
Robert Stephen Tegg ◽  
Ross Corkrey ◽  
Calum Rae Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Scab Control ◽  
Tuber Disease ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Prior studies have shown that applications of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to the foliage of potato plants can reduce common scab. Here field and glasshouse trials suggest that 2,4-D foliar treatments may also reduce the biologically distinct tuber disease, powdery scab. Significant correlations between suppression of common and powdery scab from the field trials suggested an interaction between the two diseases or possible additional broad spectrum mechanisms of enhanced defence against pathogen invasion provided by 2,4-D treatment.

Application of an April top-dressing of nitrogen to winter wheat in a spray with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian N. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

1. A spring top-dressing of 0·5 cwt.nitrogen/acre was applied to winter wheat as urea or ammonium nitrate in a single spray at 30 gal./acre or as solid fertilizer applied to the soil. A weed-killer, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, was applied in the nitrogen spray or separately in spray to plots that received solid fertilizer.2. Uptake of nitrogen by the crop from solid fertilizer was about twice that from fertilizers applied in sprays. Solid fertilizer increased yield slightly more than did sprays.3. Ammonium nitrate and urea had the same effects, both when applied in sprays and when applied as solid to the soil.4. 2,4-D decreased the amount of weed slightly, but had no effect on yield of wheat.5. The interactions between weed-killer and method of applying nitrogen were small; the response to nitrogen in dry weight of straw, including weeds, in one experiment, and of shoots in another experiment, was decreased by 2,4-D when nitrogen was applied in spray but not when it was applied as solid fertilizer.

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Callus Derived from Marubakaido Apple Rootstock under Different Aluminium Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 460e-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa F. de Oliveira ◽  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
João B. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

The aim of this work was to evaluate the organogenesis of Marubakaido apple rootstock under different aluminium concentratons. The explants were calli derived from apple internodes treated with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or pichloram at 0.5 and 1.0 μM and under five different aluminium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L). These calli were then treated with aluminium at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. It was observed shoot regeneration only for those calli previously treated with pichloram. There were no significant difference among the aluminium concentrations.

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483a-483
Author(s):  
Roy N. Keys ◽  
Dennis T. Ray ◽  
David A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

The role of a metabolic intermediate in the biodegradation of inhibitory substrates

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mungkarndee ◽  
S. M. Rao Bhamidimarri ◽  
A. J. Mawson ◽  
R. Chong
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Product ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Ortho Cresol ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Biodegradation of the mixed inhibitory substrates, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and para-chloro-ortho-cresol (PCOC) was studied in aerobic batch cultures. Each substrate added beyond certain concentrations inhibited the degradation of the other. This mutual inhibition was found to be enhanced by 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) which is an intermediate metabolic product of 2,4-D. When 2,4-DCP accumulated to approximatelY 40 mg/l degradation of all compounds in the mixed 2,4-D and PCOC substrate system was completely inhibited. The degradation of 2,4-D and PCOC individually was also found to be inhibited by elevated concentrations of 2,4-DCP added externally, while PCOC inhibited the utilization of the intermediate.

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