scholarly journals Smellmelon Control and Peanut Response to Flumioxazin and Paraquat Alone and in Combination

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
P. A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis

ABSTRACT Field studies were conducted in the Texas High Plains and south Texas to determine peanut response to flumioxazin and paraquat applied preemergence or 7 days after ground cracking (DAC). These herbicides were applied either alone or in combination. Smellmelon control was greater than 90% with all 7 DAC treatments while preemergence (PRE) treatments of flumioxazin plus paraquat controlled 87 to 97% in one of two years. No peanut injury was noted following either herbicide applied preemergence; however, early-season injury (stunting and leaf chlorosis/necrosis) was evident with flumioxazin and paraquat alone or in combination when applied 7 DAC. Early-season injury in south Texas from the 7 DAC applications of flumioxazin and paraquat varied from 9 to 63% with flumioxazin alone, 18 to 65% with paraquat alone, and 33 to 83% with combinations of the two herbicides. Injury in the Texas High Plains was never more than 40% with either herbicide alone or in combination. Mid-season injury in south Texas was at least 13% with any combination that included flumioxazin at 0.11 kg/ha while injury in the Texas High Plains varied from 12 to 25%. Peanut yields were not affected by flumioxazin and paraquat in the High Plains area although yields in south Texas were reduced from the untreated weed-free check with combinations of flumioxazin and paraquat.

scholarly journals Response of Sesame to Selected Herbicides Applied Early in the Growing Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Jack J. Rose ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman ◽  
D. Ray Langham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of sesame to PRE and POST applications of soil residual herbicides. PRE applications of acetochlor andS-metolachlor at 1.26 and 1.43 kg ai·ha−1showed little or no sesame injury (0 to 1%) 4 wks after herbicide treatments (WAT). POST treatments of acetochlor and trifluralin made 3 wks after planting (WAP) resulted in greater sesame injury (40%) compared to applications at bloom (18%). Field studies were conducted in Texas and Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine sesame response to clethodim, diuron, fluometuron, ethalfluralin, quizalofop-P, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, trifluralin, and trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied 2, 3, or 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Late-season sesame injury with the dinitroaniline herbicides consisted of a proliferation of primary branching at the upper nodes of the sesame plant (in the shape/form of a broom). Ethalfluralin and trifluralin caused more “brooming” effect than pendimethalin. Some yield reductions were noted with the dinitroaniline herbicides. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium caused the greatest injury (up to 97%) and resulted in yield reductions from the untreated check. Early-season diuron injury (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) decreased as application timing was delayed, and late-season injury was virtually nonexistent with only slight chlorosis (<4%) still apparent on the lower leaves. Sesame yield was not consistently affected by the diuron treatments. Fluometuron caused early-season injury (stunting/chlorosis), and a reduction of yield was observed at one location. Pyroxasulfone applied 2 WAP caused up to 25% sesame injury (stunting) but did not result in a yield reduction. Quizalofop-P caused slight injury (<5%) and no reduction in yield.

scholarly journals Peanut Response to Carfentrazone-ethyl and Pyraflufen-ethyl Applied Postemergence1

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
W. J. Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at six locations in Texas in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate peanut tolerance to carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl. Carfentrazone-ethyl at 27 and 36 g ai/ha or pyraflufen-ethyl at 2.6 and 3.5 g ai/ha were applied early postemergence (EP) 28 to 51 days after planting (DAP) or late postemergence (LP) 93 to 121 DAP in weed-free plots. In the Texas High Plains, carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl applied EP resulted in 62 and 48% visual injury, respectively, when rated 14 days after treatment (DAT). With the exception of the low rate of carfentrazone-ethyl at one location, this injury was greater than the injury caused by paraquat at 210 g ai/ha plus bentazon at 280 g ai/ha. All injury declined over time, but was still apparent at harvest (up to 3%). Peanut injury from applications made late postemergence did not exceed 16%. In the Rolling Plains, peanut injury did not exceed 12% at Lockett and 25% at Rochester regardless of herbicide, rate, or timing. In south Texas, peanut injury ranged from 14 to 19% and 6 to 8% following EP and LP applications, respectively. At this location, carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl at the low rate caused less injury than paraquat plus bentazon when applied EP. Peanut yield was reduced by herbicide treatment at two of six locations. Greatest yield losses were observed at Lamesa in 2004, where all carfentrazone-ethyl treatments, except the lowest rate applied LP, and all pyraflufen-ethyl treatments caused a yield reduction when compared to the non-treated control. No reduction in grade from the non-treated control was observed at the five locations where grade analysis was performed.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) Control and Peanut Tolerance toS-Metolachlor and Diclosulam Combinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Rolling Plains

Field studies were conducted in different peanut-growing areas of Texas during the 1999 through 2001 growing seasons to evaluate yellow nutsedge control and peanut tolerance to diclosulam alone applied PRE,S-metolachlor alone applied POST, or diclosulam applied PRE followed by (fb)S-metolachlor applied POST. Yellow nutsedge control was > 80% at five of six locations when diclosulam at 0.018 or 0.026 kg/ha applied PRE was fbS-metolachlor applied POST at 0.56, 1.12, or 1.46 kg ai/ha. Peanut stunting was noted with diclosulam at the High Plains locations but not at the Rolling Plains or south Texas locations. This stunting with diclosulam was due to a combination of peanut variety and high soil pH. Peanut yield was not always increased where yellow nutsedge was controlled.

scholarly journals Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Glyphosate plus Dicamba Combinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Field studies were conducted in south and the High Plains of Texas as well as in southwestern Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to evaluate the effects of glyphosate plus dicamba combinations (1/16 X to 1 X of the 1.68 kg ae ha-1 rate) applied 30, 60, and 90 days after planting (DAP) on Spanish (Oklahoma) and runner (Texas) peanut.  Rates were established to evaluate sub-labeled drift and direct application of a 1 X rate.  Peanut stunting and death were more prevalent at the 30 and 60 DAP application while peanut were more tolerant of the 90 DAP application.  In south Texas, peanut yields were reduced in both years when rates of ¼ X or greater were applied 30 and 90 DAP while rates of 1/8 X or greater reduced yield when applied 60 DAP.  At the High Plains location, peanut yields were consistently reduced with rates of ½ X or greater applied 30 and 90 DAP and ¼ X or greater applied 60 DAP.  In Oklahoma, peanut yield were consistently reduced with rates of ¼ X or greater applied 30 and 60 DAP and 1/16 X or greater when applied 90 DAP.  Peanut grade was more affected by the 60 and 90 DAP application than the 30 DAP application.  

Response of Texas Peanut to Chlorimuron Alone and in Various Combinations

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
South Texas ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Plains ◽  
The South ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
One Year

Abstract Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in south Texas and the southern High Plains of Texas to determine peanut response to POST applications of chlorimuron at 9 g ha−1. Treatments included chlorimuron alone, imazethapyr applied 21 days after planting (DAP) followed by chlorimuron applied POST, and chlorimuron plus either 2,4-DB or chlorothalonil in combination applied POST. Postemergence herbicide applications were made 60, 74, and 88 DAP at the southern High Plains location or 67, 81, or 95 DAP at the south Texas location. No difference in peanut stunting was observed with any chlorimuron treatments at the south Texas location. At the High Plains location, chlorimuron alone, imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron, and chlorimuron in combination with 2,4-DB stunting was greater than chlorimuron in combination with chlorothalonil in one of two years. Imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron reduced peanut yield in one year in south Texas. No peanut grade (sound mature kernels plus sound splits) differences between chlorimuron treatments were noted at the south Texas location, but for the southern High Plains location, peanut grade was greater when peanut was treated with imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron compared to the other chlorimuron treatments.

Peanut Cultivar Response to S-metolachlor and Paraquat Alone and in Combination

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Yoakum in south Texas and at Lamesa in the Texas High Plains area in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate peanut variety tolerance to S-metolachlor or paraquat alone or in combination applied postemergence 7 to 28 d after peanut emergence. Runner market-type peanut were evaluated at Yoakum (Tamrun OL02, York, and Florida 07) while runner (Flavorrunner 458) and Virginia market-types (NC-7 and Gregory) were evaluated at Lamesa. Peanut stunting with paraquat alone or S-metolachlor + pararquat combinations varied from 0 to 15% and increased as application timing was delayed. Runner market type yields were variable while Virginia market type yields were not affected by paraquat or any combinations. Peanut grade (% SMK + SS) of runner or Virgina market types were not affected by paraquat applications.

scholarly journals Weed Management and Economics in Dicamba-Tolerant Cotton

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
B. M. Delong ◽  
C. D. R. White ◽  
J. W. Keeling ◽  
P. A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Gross Margins

Increasing populations of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] have increased weed management costs for Texas High Plains cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)] producers. The introduction of dicamba-tolerant cotton varieties and registration of dicamba formulations for postemergence use, combined with residual herbicides, can effectively control Palmer amaranth. Field studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 near Lubbock, TX, USA to evaluate Palmer amaranth control and economics of weed management in dicamba-, glufosinate-, glyphosate-, and conventional cotton systems. The most consistent season-long Palmer amaranth control was achieved with the dicamba-tolerant system in both years. In 2018, greatest lint yields were achieved with dicamba-tolerant system when compared to the conventional and glufosinate-tolerant systems. In 2018, greatest gross margin above weed management costs were achieved with the dicamba-tolerant and glyphosate-tolerant systems.  Greatest lint yield was achieved with the dicamba-tolerant and conventional systems in 2019 and greatest gross margins were achieved with the dicamba-tolerant system. Total variable costs were similar across all systems, with greater seed/technology and herbicide costs in dicamba-tolerant and glufosinate-tolerant systems, compared to higher tillage and hand hoeing costs in glyphosate-tolerant and conventional systems.

Irrigation Management Effects on Crop Water Productivity for Maize Production in the Texas High Plains

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Gary W. Marek ◽  
Thomas H. Marek ◽  
Steven R. Evett ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Kevin R. Heflin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Management Effects
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