scholarly journals Peanut Response to Carfentrazone-ethyl and Pyraflufen-ethyl Applied Postemergence1

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
W. J. Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at six locations in Texas in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate peanut tolerance to carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl. Carfentrazone-ethyl at 27 and 36 g ai/ha or pyraflufen-ethyl at 2.6 and 3.5 g ai/ha were applied early postemergence (EP) 28 to 51 days after planting (DAP) or late postemergence (LP) 93 to 121 DAP in weed-free plots. In the Texas High Plains, carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl applied EP resulted in 62 and 48% visual injury, respectively, when rated 14 days after treatment (DAT). With the exception of the low rate of carfentrazone-ethyl at one location, this injury was greater than the injury caused by paraquat at 210 g ai/ha plus bentazon at 280 g ai/ha. All injury declined over time, but was still apparent at harvest (up to 3%). Peanut injury from applications made late postemergence did not exceed 16%. In the Rolling Plains, peanut injury did not exceed 12% at Lockett and 25% at Rochester regardless of herbicide, rate, or timing. In south Texas, peanut injury ranged from 14 to 19% and 6 to 8% following EP and LP applications, respectively. At this location, carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl at the low rate caused less injury than paraquat plus bentazon when applied EP. Peanut yield was reduced by herbicide treatment at two of six locations. Greatest yield losses were observed at Lamesa in 2004, where all carfentrazone-ethyl treatments, except the lowest rate applied LP, and all pyraflufen-ethyl treatments caused a yield reduction when compared to the non-treated control. No reduction in grade from the non-treated control was observed at the five locations where grade analysis was performed.

Peanut Cultivar Response to S-metolachlor and Paraquat Alone and in Combination

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Peter A. Dotray
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
South Texas ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Yoakum in south Texas and at Lamesa in the Texas High Plains area in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate peanut variety tolerance to S-metolachlor or paraquat alone or in combination applied postemergence 7 to 28 d after peanut emergence. Runner market-type peanut were evaluated at Yoakum (Tamrun OL02, York, and Florida 07) while runner (Flavorrunner 458) and Virginia market-types (NC-7 and Gregory) were evaluated at Lamesa. Peanut stunting with paraquat alone or S-metolachlor + pararquat combinations varied from 0 to 15% and increased as application timing was delayed. Runner market type yields were variable while Virginia market type yields were not affected by paraquat or any combinations. Peanut grade (% SMK + SS) of runner or Virgina market types were not affected by paraquat applications.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Lactofen at Various Postemergence Timings1

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
T. L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Preharvest Interval

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at nine locations in Texas and Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut tolerance to lactofen. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate was applied to peanut at 6 leaf (lf), 6 lf followed by (fb) 15 days after the initial treatment (DAIT), 15 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 30 DAIT, 30 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 45 DAIT, 45 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 60 DAIT, and 60 DAIT alone in weed-free plots. Lactofen caused visible leaf bronzing at all locations. Yield loss was observed when applications were made 45 DAIT, a timing that would correspond to plants in the R5 (beginning seed) to R6 (full seed) stage of growth. At all locations except the Texas High Plains, this application timing was within the 90 d preharvest interval. Growers who apply lactofen early in the peanut growing season to small weeds should have confidence that yields will not be negatively impacted despite dramatic above-ground injury symptoms; however, applications made later in the season, during seed fill, may adversely affect yield.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Early Wheat Streak Mosaic Severity Levels and Grain Yield: Implications for Management Decisions

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1621-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Workneh ◽  
S. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
S. Evett ◽  
C. M. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
The Impact

Wheat streak mosaic (WSM) caused by Wheat streak mosaic virus, which is transmitted by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella), is a major yield-limiting disease in the Texas High Plains. In addition to its impact on grain production, the disease reduces water-use efficiency by affecting root development. Because of the declining Ogallala Aquifer water level, water conservation has become one of the major pressing issues in the region. Thus, questions are often raised as to whether it is worthwhile to irrigate infected fields in light of the water conservation issues, associated energy costs, and current wheat prices. To address some of these questions, field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2016 at two separate locations to determine whether grain yield could be predicted from disease severity levels, assessed early in the spring, for potential use as a decision tool for crop management, including irrigation. In both fields, disease severity assessments started in April, using a handheld hyperspectral radiometer with which reflectance measurements were taken weekly in multiple plots in arbitrarily selected locations across the fields. The relationship between WSM severity levels and grain yield for the different assessment dates were determined by fitting reflectance and yield values into the logistic regression function. The model predicted yield levels with r2 values ranging from 0.67 to 0.85 (P < 0.0001), indicating that the impact of WSM on grain yield could be fairly well predicted from early assessments of WSM severity levels. As the disease is normally progressive over time, this type of information will be useful for making management decisions of whether to continue irrigating infected fields, especially if combined with an economic threshold for WSM severity levels.

scholarly journals Sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) Growth and Yield as Influenced by Preemergence Herbicides

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
D. R. Langham
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Studies were conducted during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons under weed-free conditions in South Texas and the High Plains region of Texas to evaluate preemergence herbicides for sesame tolerance. No reduction in sesame stand was noted with any herbicide at south Texas location; however, at the High Plains location, linuron at the 2X rate reduced stand counts 28 days after treatment (DAT) in 2007 and diuron reduced sesame stand 147 DAT in 2008 when compared with the untreated check. At the 1/2X rate all herbicides exhibited minimal stunting while at the 1X rate stunting was variable and varied between locations. At the 2X rate, all herbicides caused sesame stunting compared to the untreated check. No herbicide, with the exception of linuron at the 2X rate in 2008 at the High Plains location, reduced sesame yield when compared with the untreated check. Although some herbicide treatments resulted in sesame stunting, this did not result in any yield reductions and this can be attributed to the ability of the sesame plant to compensate for injury and/or reduced stands.

Woollyleaf Bursage (Ambrosia grayi) and Texas Blueweed (Helianthus ciliaris) Control by Dicamba

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
John R. Abernathy
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Potassium Salts ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
One Year ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Woollyleaf bursage [Ambrosia grayi(A. Nels.) Shinners # AMBGR] and Texas blueweed (Helianthus ciliarisDC. # HELCI) increasingly are weed problems on the Texas High Plains. Field experiments were established to evaluate dimethylamine, potassium, sodium, calcium, and aluminum salts of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) applied at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.4 kg ai/ha to infestations of each species. Initial woollyleaf bursage control was better than initial Texas blueweed control. Dimethylamine and potassium salts provided highest control levels, and increasing rates improved control. One-year control was higher for Texas blueweed than woollyleaf bursage, and 1-yr control of both species improved with increased rates.

Cotton Response to Simulated Drift of Seven Hormonal-Type Herbicides

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly E. Marple ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Douglas Shoup ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Mark Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Early Injury ◽  
Herbicide Use

Field experiments were conducted at Manhattan and Hesston, KS, in 2004, and at Manhattan, KS, in 2005, to evaluate cotton response to seven hormonal-type herbicides. Herbicides 2,4-D amine, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, picloram, fluroxypyr, triclopyr, and dicamba were each applied at 0, 1/100, 1/200, 1/300, and 1/400 of the herbicide use rates on cotton in the six- to eight-leaf stage. Herbicide use rates were 210 and 280 g ae/ha for fluroxypyr and clopyralid and 561 g ae/ha, for 2,4-D amine, 2,4-D ester, dicamba, picloram, and triclopyr. At 14 d after treatment (DAT), all herbicides caused leaf cupping and epinasty, except triclopyr and clopyralid, which caused severe bleaching and chlorosis. The order of visual injury ratings was 2,4-D ester > 2,4-D amine > picloram > dicamba > fluroxypyr > triclopyr > clopyralid. By 56 DAT, slight injury symptoms were observed on plants treated with all herbicides, except all rates of 2,4-D, from which symptoms were severe. All rates of 2,4-D and the highest rate of picloram caused more than 60% flower abortion. Ranking of fiber yield reduction after herbicide treatment was 2,4-D ester > 2,4-D amine > picloram > fluroxypyr > dicamba > clopyralid > triclopyr. This research demonstrated that cotton is extremely susceptible to simulated drift rates of 2,4-D and picloram, whereas clopyralid and triclopyr caused early injury, with minimal effect on cotton yield.

Identity-Preserved Soybean Tolerance to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Belfry ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Over Time

Field experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2013 near Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada to evaluate the tolerance of seven identity-preserved (IP) soybean cultivars to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides flumioxazin, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P, and sulfentrazone applied PRE; fomesafen applied POST; as well as PRE followed by (fb) POST application. Ridgetown sites demonstrated excellent tolerance (< 10% injury) to PRE treatments, whereas PRE sulfentrazone caused up to 36% injury at 1 and 2 wk after application (WAA) at Exeter. Of the PRE fb POST treatments evaluated, those containing saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P and sulfentrazone were most injurious to soybean, with cultivar being a further determinant of injury. At Exeter 1 WAA, cultivars ‘S03W4’ and ‘S23T5’ showed 23 to 27 and 45 to 46% injury for saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P and sulfentrazone when followed by POST fomesafen, respectively. Sulfentrazone application (PRE alone or fb fomesafen) consequently reduced S03W4 yield up to 38% and S23T5 up to 25%, whereas saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P fb fomesafen reduced S03W4 by 18%. In general, PRE fb POST caused more injury than PRE treatments; however, injury diminished over time and no significant reduction to soybean yield could be attributed to adding POST fomesafen. On the basis of this study, the injury from PPO herbicides applied PRE is active ingredient, cultivar, and environment specific. Although PPO herbicides have the potential to cause unacceptable crop injury in some IP soybean cultivars, selecting a tolerant cultivar will minimize yield losses.

Wheat Response to Simulated Drift of Glyphosate and Imazamox Applied at Two Growth Stages

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharria A. Deeds ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
Early Flower ◽  
Accurate Indicator

Field experiments were conducted at Hays and Manhattan, KS, in 2002 and 2003 to determine winter wheat response to simulated drift rates of glyphosate and imazamox. Glyphosate and imazamox at 1/100×, 1/33×, 1/10×, and 1/3× of usage rates of 840 g ae/ha glyphosate and 35 g/ha imzamox were applied individually to wheat in the early jointing or the early flower stages of growth. Wheat injury and yield loss increased as herbicide rate was increased, with minimal effect from either herbicide at the 1/100× rate, and nearly complete kill and yield loss of wheat from both herbicides applied at the 1/3× rate, regardless of growth stage at application. In general, wheat injury and yield reduction were greater from glyphosate than from imazamox. In addition, wheat injury and yield loss were greater from herbicide treatment at the jointing stage than at the flowering stage of development. Correlation analysis suggests that visual injury is an accurate indicator of yield reductions. Germination tests of harvested grain showed that the viability of the wheat seed was not reduced if plants survived the herbicide treatment and produced a harvestable seed.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Seed Piece Applied Fungicides on Establishment, Tiller Dynamics, and Sucrose Yields in Successively Planted Sugarcane

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vuyyuru ◽  
Sandhu ◽  
McCray ◽  
Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Piece ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Tiller Dynamics ◽  
Plant Crop

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) successive planting causes 25–30% yield reduction in comparison to fallow or rice rotation planting in a three-year production cycle on Florida Histosols. Field experiments were established to manage the yield losses associated with successive planting through nitrogen fertilization and seed piece application of fungicides in plant and first ratoon crops each at two sites. Nitrogen fertilization treatments included 0 (N0), 50 (N50), and 100 (N100) kg ha−1 applied in furrows at the time of planting, and one split application (N50+50) with 50 kg ha−1 applied at planting and 50 kg ha−1 applied at 90 days after planting as side-dress. Fungicides treatments were mancozeb at 2.5 kg a.i. (active ingredient) ha−1, mefenoxam at 0.57 kg a.i. ha−1, and azoxystrobin at 0.30 kg a.i. ha−1 applied to seed cane pieces laid in the furrows at planting. Nitrogen fertilization showed increasing trends of the tiller and millable stalks production in plant and ratoon crops. N response varied with the time of ratooning. Overall, N50+50 produced greater tons of cane per hectare (TCH) and tons of sucrose per hectare (TSH) compared to other N treatments in plant crop and late season ratoon crop (ratooned in March). N100 treatment enhanced tillering and TCH in December ratooned crop. In 2016 plant crop, mefenoxam produced higher TCH than others, but no carryover effects were observed in ratoon crops. Both nitrogen fertilization and fungicides seem to be promising cultural practices to minimize yield losses in successive sugarcane planting in Histosols.

YIELD LOSSES TO FIELD CORN FROM FOLIAR FEEDING BY FALL ARMYWORM1 (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd P. Harrison ◽  
Thomas S. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

During a 3 year period, 1983 - 1985, field experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), reduces yield of dent corn by feeding on foliage of whorl stage plants. Results indicate that whorl feeding reduces grain yield and the degree of yield reduction may be related to plant vigor as affected by rainfall.

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