Characterization of ICRISAT Peanut Mini-Core Accessions with Regards to a Molecular Marker Associated with Resistance to Sclerotinia Blight

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Chamberlin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight

ABSTRACT Cultivated peanut, the second most economically important legume crop throughout the United States and the third most important oilseed in the world, is consistently threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor), the causal agent of Sclerotinia blight, is a major threat to peanut production in the Southwestern U.S., Virginia, and North Carolina and can reduce yield by up to 50% in severely infested fields. Although host plant resistance would provide the most effective solution to managing Sclerotinia blight, limited sources of resistance to the disease are available for use in breeding programs. Peanut germplasm collections are available for exploration and identification of new sources of resistance, but traditionally the process is lengthy, requiring years of field testing before those potential sources can be identified. Molecular markers associated with phenotypic traits can speed up the screening of germplasm accessions. The objective of this study was to characterize the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) mini-core collection with regards to a molecular marker associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance. One hundred twenty-four (124) accessions from the collection were available and genotyped using the SSR marker and 67 were identified as potential new sources of resistance and targeted for further evaluation in field tests for Sclerotinia blight resistance.

scholarly journals Screening of the Argentinean INTA peanut core collection with a molecular marker associated with resistance to Sclerotinia minor Jaggar

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
K.D. Chamberlin ◽  
J.J. Baldessari ◽  
E.M.C. Mamani ◽  
M.V. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Sclerotinia Minor ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Potential Sources

ABSTRACT Cultivated peanut, the third most important oilseed in the world, is consistently threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor), the causal agent of Sclerotinia blight, is a major threat to peanut production in many countries and can reduce yield by up to 50% in severely infested fields. Host plant resistance will provide the most effective solution to managing Sclerotinia blight, but limited sources of resistance to the disease are available for use in breeding programs. Peanut germplasm collections are available for exploration and identification of new sources of resistance, but traditionally the process is lengthy, requiring years of field testing before those potential sources can be identified. Molecular markers associated with phenotypic traits can speed up the screening of germplasm accessions. The objective of this study was to genotype the peanut core collection of the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Manfredi, Argentina, with a molecular marker associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance. One hundred and fifty-four (154) accessions from the collection were available and genotyped using the Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker. Accessions from each botanical variety type represented in the core collection were identified as new potential sources of resistance and targeted for further evaluation in field tests for Sclerotinia blight resistance.

Materials Interface Interactions Test (MIIT); in-Situ Testing of Simulated Hlw Forms in Salt- Performance of Srs Simulated Waste Glass After up to 5 Years of Burial at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)

1991 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Wicks ◽  
A.R. Lodding ◽  
P.B. Macedo ◽  
D.E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTThe first field tests conducted in the United States involving burial of simulated high-level waste [HLW] forms and package components, were started in July of 1986. The program, called the Materials Interface Interactions Test or MIIT, is the largest cooperative field-testing venture in the international waste management community. Included in the study are over 900 waste form samples comprising 15 different systems supplied by 7 countries. Also included are approximately 300 potential canister or overpack metal samples along with more than 500 geologic and backfill specimens. There are almost 2000 relevant interactions that characterize this effort which is being conducted in the bedded salt site at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), near Carlsbad, New Mexico. The MIIT program represents a joint endeavor managed by Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., and Savannah River Laboratory in Aiken, S.C. and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. Also involved in MIIT are participants from various laboratories and universities in France, Germany, Belgium, Canada, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In July of 1991, the experimental portion of the 5-yr. MIIT program was completed. Although only about 5% of all MIIT samples have been assessed thus far, there are already interesting findings that have emerged. The present paper will discuss results obtained for SRS 165/TDS waste glass after burial of 6 mo., 1 yr. and 2 yrs., along with initial analyses of 5 yr. samples.

Field Testing Plan for Positive Train Control Enforcement in Passenger Terminals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Zhang ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Keith Holt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Stub End ◽  
Speed Enforcement ◽  
Passenger Terminals ◽  
Operational Impact

Abstract In the United States, a train moving onto a terminating track at a passenger terminal relies on the train engineer’s operation. Currently, there are no mechanisms installed at the U.S. passenger terminals that are able to automatically stop a train before reaching the end of the track if an engineer fails to do so. The engineer’s actions determine whether the train will safely stop before the end of the terminating track. Thus, incapacitated or inattentive engineer operation would result in end-of-track collisions, such as the New Jersey Transit train accident at Hoboken Terminal in 2016. Currently, PTC enforcement is not required in passenger terminals. In an ongoing project tasked by the Federal Railroad Administration, we study the cost-effectiveness and operational impact of possible PTC enforcement to prevent end-of-track collisions. Specifically, a Concept of Operations (ConOps) was developed to outline the proposed plans to implement two of the most widely used PTC types, namely the Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System (ACSES) and Interoperable Electronic Train Management System (I-ETMS). This paper describes in-field testing of the ConOps in ACSES-type terminal. In the planned field test, a train equipped with one locomotive and at least one passenger coach would be tested on platform tracks in a selected passenger terminal. These are three major testing components, which are test equipment, test track, and recorded information for each test sequence. Firstly, in terms of equipment, a traffic cone will be placed on the track to simulate a bumping post. In ACSES system, two sets of transponders are programmed to require a positive stop within a specified distance and mounted to the cross ties at specified positions. Secondly, a yard track will be used to test the feasibility of this exercise at the beginning. Upon successfully completing the test multiple times, a series of tests will also be made on the studied platform track. Thirdly, each test run should record the distance from the head end of the test train and the traffic cone for each test run. In addition, ACSES system should also record the information on the ACSES display as it passes the first and second transponder set, respectively. Overall, the field tests presented in this paper, along with previous work in benefit-cost analysis and operational impact assessment, can contribute to an assessment of the proposed PTC implementation at stub-end terminals in the United States in order to effectively and efficiently prevent end-of-track collisions.

Reaction of the Core Collection of Peanut Germplasm to Sclerotinia Blight and Pepper Spot1

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
D. L. Smith ◽  
H. A. Melouk ◽  
K. D. Chamberlin
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract In 2001, entries from the peanut core collection, a subset of the USDA peanut germplasm collection, were planted in non-replicated plots in a field with a history of Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor. Variability existed among entries for reaction to Sclerotinia blight. Of the 744 entries evaluated, 11% had no disease, nearly 30% had <10% disease incidence, and only 21% had 50% disease incidence or more. Most of the resistant entries had an upright growth habit and were in early and mid-maturity groups. Many of the early maturing entries were susceptible to the foliar disease pepper spot which occurred throughout the study. Entries were selected for further evaluation in replicated plots based on a nil to low (<10%) incidence of Sclerotinia blight, adaptation and/or vigor, and other desirable characteristics such as an intermediate to prostrate growth habit and pepper spot resistance. Selected entries were retested in both 2002 and 2003 (n  =  62) and compared to resistant (Tamspan 90), moderately resistant (Tamrun 96), and susceptible (Okrun) reference cultivars. Most entries (55 in 2001 and 46 in 2003) had disease incidence less than Tamrun 96 and similar to Tamspan 90. In 2003 when disease incidence was highest, all 46 entries with resistant reactions similar to that of Tamspan 90 had erect plant growth habits except for entries 208 and 582 which were prostrate, and entries 273, 128, and 804 which were intermediate. Resistance to Sclerotinia blight and yield similar to Tamspan 90, plant habit, and/or reactions to pepper spot and web blotch were used to select the best entries. Entries 208, 128, 804, 582, and 273 combined resistance to Sclerotinia blight, pepper spot, and web blotch with less than erect growth habits. Entry 103 had good Sclerotinia blight resistance and yield, but an upright growth habit. Entry 92 had an upright growth habit and low yield, but good Sclerotinia blight resistance. Entries 92 and 103 had upright growth habits but were among the best entries for resistant to pepper spot and web blotch. Entries 426, 184, and 562 were upright and susceptible to pepper spot, but had resistance to web blotch and the best resistance to Sclerotinia blight. These entries appear to be useful sources of resistance to Sclerotinia blight for breeding programs and for increasing the probability of finding additional sources of resistance in clusters of germplasm identified within the entire USDA collection.

Greenhouse Evaluation of Section Arachis Wild Species for Sclerotinia Blight and Cylindrocladium Black Rot Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
J. E. Hollowell ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Rectangular Lattice ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Mist Chamber

ABSTRACT Wild Arachis species from section Arachis have been promoted as sources of resistance to common peanut diseases and insect pests. The objective of our study was to identify wild Arachis species with resistance to Sclerotinia blight and Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR). One hundred and ten accessions/entries from 23 Arachis species including A. hypogaea were evaluated in the greenhouses at North Carolina State University between January and March of 2010 in a 11×10 rectangular lattice experimental design with 4 replications for Sclerotinia blight and 6 replications for CBR. For the Sclerotinia blight test, seeds were planted in 10 cm clay pots and 8-wk-old plants were inoculated in a mist chamber with BEEM capsules containing the fungus inserted on the petioles of the 4th leaf from the apex on the primary branch. Lesion lengths were measured 4, 5, 6, and 7 d after inoculation, and areas under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were calculated. For the CBR test, seeds were planted in soil mixed with microsclerotia (25/g) in cone-tainers partly immersed in water. Root damage was recorded after 60 d on a 0–5 proportional scale (0 = no decay to 5 = completely decayed). Data analysis indicated significant (p<0.05) variation among and within Arachis species for both diseases. Arachis glandulifera exhibited the highest level of Sclerotinia blight resistance followed by A. correntina, A. herzogii, and A. helodes, although the last three species were not significantly different from A. hypogaea. Overall, low genetic variability for Sclerotinia blight resistance was observed among the wild species accessions. For CBR, A. valida, A. cruziana, A. microsperma, A. williamsii, A. kempff-mercadoi, A. kuhlmannii, A. helodes, A. cardenasii and A. correntina formed the most resistant group with A. hypogaea in the most susceptible group. Overall, significant genetic variability for CBR resistance was found among the different wild species accessions. However, not all accessions within a species were resistant to either disease, and most accessions that were resistant to one disease were susceptible to the other.

scholarly journals Genotyping of the Valencia Peanut Core Collection with a Molecular Marker Associated with Sclerotinia blight Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Chamberlin ◽  
Naveen Puppala
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Disease Pressure

ABSTRACT Cultivated peanut, the second most economically important legume crop throughout the United States and the third most important oilseed in the world, is consistently threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia blight, (causal agents Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) and Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor))is a major threat to peanut production in the Southwestern U.S., Virginia, and North Carolina and can reduce yield by up to 50% in severely infested fields. S. sclerotiorum has now been reported in areas of eastern New Mexico and west Texas where all U.S. grown Valencia peanuts are produced, commonly in organic cropping environments. Host plant resistance provides the most effective solution to managing Sclerotinia blight, especially in organic systems where pesticide use is not an option for disease control. To date, no Valencia cultivars with Sclerotinia blight resistance have been released. In this study, the Valencia peanut core germplasm collection was genotyped with a Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance in order to identify potential germplasm for use in breeding to develop Valencia peanut cultivars resistant to the disease. Thirty accessions from the Valencia peanut core collection have profiles consistent with other genotypes that exhibit less that 5% incidence of Sclerotinia blight under heavy disease pressure. The identified accessions, after field evaluation, may serve as potential sources of Sclerotinia blight resistance in Valencia peanut breeding programs.

scholarly journals Development of an Inoculation Technique and the Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Coniothyrium glycines

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Serious Disease

Red leaf blotch, caused by Coniothyrium glycines, is a serious disease affecting soybean in several African countries but has not yet appeared in the United States. The fungal pathogen is listed as a Select Agent by the Federal Select Agent Program because of potential consequence to U.S. agriculture if introduced. Sources of resistance to red leaf blotch have not yet been identified in spite of extensive field testing in Zambia and Zimbabwe. A seedling inoculation protocol was used to investigate the effects of inoculum density, temperature (20 and 25°C), and dew chamber incubation period (2 to 5 days) on disease development in ‘Williams 82’ soybean. Inoculum density and incubation period had significant effects on disease severity but no significant difference was observed at 20 and 25°C. Highest levels of disease were obtained using 1.94 cm3 of mycelial inoculum per 10 ml of water and incubating plants for 5 days at 100% relative humidity. Significant differences were not observed between isolates from Zambia and Zimbabwe at 25°C. In total, 23 soybean genotypes that represent nearly 90% of the genes present in U.S. soybean were evaluated and found to be susceptible, which is consistent with previous field evaluations. This method could be useful in identifying new sources of resistance to red leaf blotch.

Sclerotinia Blight Resistance in the US Peanut Mini-Core Collection

Crop Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 1306-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bennett ◽  
Kelly D. Chamberlin ◽  
John P. Damicone
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Development of in Situ and ex Situ Conservation Strategies for Malus Wild Germplasm in Kazakhstan

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 619d-619
Author(s):  
Stan C. Hokanson ◽  
Phil L. Forsline ◽  
James R. McFerson ◽  
Warren F. Lamboy ◽  
Herb S. Aldwinckle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Malus Sieversii

Malus sieversii, the main progenitor of domesticated apple, is native to areas in Central Asia. To better represent Malus wild germplasm in the USDA–ARS germplasm collections, maintained in Geneva, N.Y., a cooperative project was initiated with the Republic if Kazakhstan to collect and assess that country's wild populations of M. sieversii and to develop more secure in situ reserves to complement ex situ holdings in the United States and Kazakhstan. To date, four exploration trips to the region have included participants from the United States, Kazakhstan, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. Four Kazkh scientists have toured USDA–ARS sites, exchanged information, and collected germplasm in the United States greenhouse screens of 1600 have revealed potentially new sources of resistance to apple scab, cedar apple rust, and fire blight. An isozyme analysis of maternal half-sib families from four regions suggests the populations of M. sieversii collected represent a single panmictic population, with over 85% of total genetic variation due to differences among families. The most recent collections in 1995 were directed towards more ecologically diverse regions, including a site (Tarbagatai) at the most northern limit for M. sieversii equivalent to northern Minnesota in the United States. Some trees in this region produced fruit nearly 70 mm in diameter with excellent aroma, firmness, and color. This germplasm is being systematically characterized for horticultural traits, pest and disease resistance, and molecular markers.

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