Effect of Imazapic and 2,4-DB on Peanut Yield, Grade, and Seed Germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Faircloth ◽  
E. P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Recurrent problems with peanut seed germination and stand establishment have raised concerns about the potential effects of herbicides on peanut seed quality. Field trials were conducted in south Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the effects of imazapic and 2,4-DB on peanut yield, grade, incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and seed germination. Imazapic at 71 g ai ha−1, applied at 30 and 40 days after planting (DAP), and 2,4-DB at 270 g ai ha−1, applied at 75 or 90 DAP, had no effect on peanut yield, grade, incidence of TSWV, and seed germination when averaged over two locations (Dawson and Tifton) and three cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia-01R, and C-99R). Normal cultivar yield variations were observed; however, Georgia-01R had reduced standard (25 C) and cold (15 C) germination when compared to the other cultivars.

scholarly journals Management of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Flue-Cured Tobacco with Acibenzolar-S-Methyl and Imidacloprid

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
M. G. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Effect On Growth

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) continues to be a major production constraint in flue-cured tobacco in Georgia. Pretransplant applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard) and imidacloprid (Admire and Provado) were evaluated in field trials, singly and in combination, in four locations in 1999. Acibenzolar-S-methyl was also evaluated for its effect on growth and yield, potential phytotoxicity, and activity against tobacco blackshank incited by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Acibenzolar-S-methyl alone and with imidacloprid significantly reduced TSWV incidence in all four locations, but the disease incidence in the imidacloprid-treated plots was lower in only one of the four sites. Applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl starting at 4 weeks posttransplant had no effect on TSWV incidence, size, or yield of tobacco compared with nontreated plots. Acibenzolar-S-methyl did not reduce blackshank in a field trial. In the greenhouse, rates of acibenzolar-S-methyl ranging from 0.25 to 8 g a.i. per 7,000 plants showed reductions in growth that did not seem to be related to rate. Pretransplant applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl were critical to the suppression of TSWV, while initial applications made posttransplant had no effect, suggesting that plants must be protected prior to introduction into the field.

scholarly journals Effect of Transplant Age, Tobacco Cultivar, Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, and Imidacloprid on Tomato Spotted Wilt Infection in Flue-Cured Tobacco

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1524-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nischwitz ◽  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
S. W. Mullis ◽  
L. L. Hickman ◽  
K. L. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Tobacco Cultivar ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has become the most serious problem in flue-cured tobacco in Georgia and is a growing problem in other tobacco-growing areas in the United States. The effects of transplant age (6 to 10 weeks), tobacco cultivar (K-326 and NC-71), and preplant applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and the insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) were evaluated on levels of TSWV infection, number of symptomatic plants, and yield in field trials over 4 years. In all 4 years and in four of five trials, treatment of transplants with ASM and IMD resulted in fewer symptomatic plants, smaller areas under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and higher yields compared with the nontreated controls. There were no consistent effects of transplant age or cultivar on number of symptomatic plants or systemic infections, AUDPC, or yield. Treatment of transplants with ASM and IMD can significantly reduce the number of symptomatic plants in the field and substantially increase yields and value per hectare.

Screening the Peanut Core Collection for Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Anderson ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
A. K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is among the greatest yield-reducing viruses affecting peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The best known method of control of TSWV is through the use of resistant cultivars. Unfortunately, only a few peanut genotypes with moderate levels of resistance are known. The objectives of this study were to identify additional sources of resistance to TSWV and to determine whether plant descriptor information is associated with reaction to TSWV in the field. Peanut plant introductions from a core collection were evaluated for resistance to TSWV in field trials from 1991 to 1993. Great variability was found among PIs for reaction to natural TSWV epidemics at Attapulgus, GA. Accessions which exhibited potential resistance in 1991 or 1992 were reevaluated in subsequent years. Disease pressure was high in 1993 and 27 accessions exhibited significantly greater resistance than Florunner, and one (PI 262049) had lower disease incidence than Southern Runner. Only minor relationships existed between TSWV incidence and plant descriptor traits (growth habit and maturity) using the stepwise multiple regression procedure. Peanut accessions with resistance to TSWV were found among all maturity levels and growth habits. These accessions provide additional parents and may provide additional genes for resistance that may be useful in developing resistant cultivars.

Variability in Field Response of Peanut Genotypes from the U.S. and China to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Leaf Spots

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Charles Y. Chen ◽  
Steve J. Knapp ◽  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and transmitted by thrips, and early leaf spot and late leaf spot are among the most important diseases of peanut in the southeastern United States. The objective of this study was to compare field susceptibility of diverse peanut lines to TSWV and leaf spot pathogens for selection of lines for mapping population development. In field trials in 2007 and 2008, 22 genotypes were evaluated for reactions to TSWV and leaf spots. Early leaf spot was the predominate pathogen in both years. There was a near-continuous range of spotted wilt from 18% to 79% for the total incidence rating with any symptoms caused by TSWV. In general, NC94022, ‘Georganic’, C689-6-2, ‘Georgia-01R’, C724-19-25, TifGP-1, C11-154-61, C12-3-114-58, and ‘Tifguard’ were among the most resistant genotypes to TSWV, whereas GT-C20, GT-C9 and PE-2 were the most susceptible. Final percentage of defoliation by leaf spots ranged from 10% to 97% for both years. Genotypes C689-2, Georgia-01R, C12-3-114-58, C11-154-61, Tifguard and Georganic showed resistance to leaf spots, whereas ‘NC-6’, ‘Spancross’, GT-C9, GT-C20 and PE-2 were susceptible to leaf spots. There were 3 cultivars and 3 breeding lines classified as resistant to both TSWV and leaf spots; and there were 3 genotypes from China susceptible to both TSWV and leaf spots. These phenotypic disease reaction data can be used in conjunction with genetic characterization of these genotypes for development of recombinant inbred line populations in efforts to develop markers for resistance to TSWV and leaf spots.

Peanut Tolerance to Pyroxasulfone

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Commercial Research ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT Due to limited hectares and production in comparison to field corn, soybean, and wheat, commercial research and development efforts by major manufacturers for potential new peanut herbicides are minimal. Therefore, new herbicides developed for large hectare crops should be evaluated for potential use in peanut. Field trials were conducted in Ty Ty and Plains Georgia in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the tolerance of peanut to PRE and POST applications of pyroxasulfone at five rates (0, 120, 240, 360, and 480 g ai/ha). Pyroxasulfone did not cause significant peanut injury at the Ty Ty location. In Plains, PRE applications of pyroxasulfone caused significant crop stunting, particularly at the 360 and 480 g/ha rates. In Ty Ty, PRE applications of pyroxasulfone also resulted in greater expression of tomato spotted wilt virus than POST applications. Peanut yields were not reduced by any rate or timing of pyroxasulfone. These results suggest that pyroxasulfone may have some potential to be utilized in peanut.

scholarly journals Incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyaviridae) and Tobacco Thrips in Virginia-Type Peanuts in North Carolina

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
J. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Wilt Virus

Virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars were monitored for incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and abundance of Frankliniella fusca, the tobacco thrips, in North Carolina during 1995 and 1996. A preliminary evaluation of 225 peanut genotypes for TSWV-resistant or -tolerant genotypes was conducted in 1995. The incidence of TSWV in cultivar NC-9 was twice that of cultivar NC-V11. In 1996, field trials designed to evaluate TSWV susceptibility were conducted with three widely grown commercial peanut cultivars in North Carolina. They were NC-9, NC-V11, and NC-12C, a newly released cultivar. A randomized complete block design was utilized at three locations. Disease incidence was evaluated weekly from 2 weeks postplanting until 2 weeks prior to harvest. Mechanical inoculation of the three cultivars resulted in no difference in relative leaf virus titer as determined from optical density readings following DAS-ELISA for 4 successive weeks beginning at 13 days postinoculation. NC-9 ranked highest in incidence of disease (7%), followed by NC-12C (6%) and NC-V11 (5%). Thrips counts were greatest on NC-V11, followed by NC-9 and NC-12C. Disease incidence overall was 5.96%, but ranged from 3.08 to 11.15% among the three sites. Yield was affected by the temporal occurrence of symptoms beginning at the fifth week postplanting. Greatest yield losses occurred in those plants with the earliest visible foliar symptoms.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Alexander Nilon ◽  
Karl Robinson ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu ◽  
Neena Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.

Lipid in a Purified Preparation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 203 (4945) ◽  
pp. 671-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUPERT J. BEST ◽  
GERARD F. KATEKAR
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus
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