scholarly journals Plant Growth Response of Two Runner Peanut Cultivars to Reduced Seeding Rate1

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tewolde ◽  
M. C. Black ◽  
C. J. Fernandez ◽  
A. M. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growth Adjustment ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract The ability of peanut plants to adjust to wide plant-to-plant spacing and the use of more precise mechanical planters have not been thoroughly exploited to reduce seeding rates. The magnitude of plant growth adjustment of two runner peanut cultivars to reduced seeding rate was studied in 1992 and 1993. A precision vacuum planter was used to plant the cultivars GK-7 and Southern Runner (SR) in single rows per bed at 8, 12, and 22 seed/m2. Total plant dry matter weight (TDM), leaf area (LA), and main stem height, nodes, and branches were measured six times during each season. Vegetative growth adjustment to reduced seeding rate was detected as early as 52 d after planting (DAP) in 1992 and 42 DAP in 1993. Plants fully adjusted to reduced seeding rate when they began forming pods at 70 DAP in 1992 and 75 DAP in 1993. By this stage, individual plants in the 8 seed/m2 treatment accumulated 2 to 2.7 times as much total dry matter (TDM) as plants in the 22 seed/m2, and all seeding treatments within each cultivar accumulated equivalent amounts of TDM on a unit ground area basis. The 8 seed/m2 treatment produced significantly greater TDM/m2 and leaf area index (LAI) than the 22 seed/m2 treatment by the end of both seasons (132 DAP in 1992 and 152 DAP in 1993). The partitioning of dry weight to pods and leaves was also greatest for the 8 seed/m2 seeding treatment. By the end of the season, the 8 seed/ m2 seeding treatment produced as much as 30% more pod dry weight (PDW) per m2 than the 22 seed/m2 treatment. Plants in the 8 seed/m2 seeding were significantly shorter but produced more main stem nodes and branches than the 22 seed/m2 seeding. Under the conditions of this study, plants of these runner cultivars showed the capacity to grow larger and compensate fully for reduced seeding rate before any measurable pod production began. Pod production, therefore, was not reduced and in some situations increased by reducing the seeding rate to as low as 8 seed/m2.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

Banana plant growth. 2. Dry matter production, leaf area and growth analysis

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Plant Crop

The quantitative aspects of banana plant growth (omitting roots) at Alstonville, New South Wales, are described. Dry matter distribution, leaf area index (L), net assimilation rate (E), leaf area ratio (F) and relative growth rates (R), were measured. For a spring planting, only 1695 kg ha-l dry matter were produced in the first twelve months but 6780 kg were produced in the first half of the second year as the bunch and first ratoon crop developed. The plant crop was characterized by early leaf growth (high F) whereas in the ratoon crops, corm growth was a feature of early growth stages. Leaf area index was less than 1 for the first twelve months but reached 5 after 18 months. Plants were 3.1 m X 1.9 m apart. Net assimilation rate was affected by internal and external factors. The main internal control was the growth of suckers, which tended to increase E. Removal of the suckers in autumn or winter caused a sudden drop i i ~ E and absolute growth rate but when they were removed in early summer E was increased. The external controls affecting E were solar radiation, temperature and soil moisture, although the amount of variation explained in correlations was low. - R appeared to be constant in the plant crop within morphologically defined growth stages. This was not so in moon crops and R was probably a resultant of ontogenetic and climatic drifts. Desuckering in autumn and winter decreased R. Early summer desuckering increased R.

scholarly journals Comparison of an Antitranspirant Spray, a Polyacrylamide Gel, and Wind Protection on Early Growth of Muskmelon

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Hodges ◽  
Entin Daningsih ◽  
James R. Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index

Field experiments were conducted over 4 years to evaluate the effects of antitranspirant (Folicote, Aquatrol Inc., Paulsboro, N.J.) and polyacrylamide gel (SuperSorb, Aquatrol Inc., Paulsboro, N.J.) on early growth of transplanted muskmelon grown either protected by tree windbreaks or exposed to seasonal winds. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement was used with wind protection (sheltered and exposed) areas as the main treatment and use of an antitranspirant spray or gel dip as subtreatments. Based on destructive harvests in the field, treatments and subtreatments did not affect dry weight or leaf area index in the first 2 years. Specific contrasts, however, showed that gel application significantly increased fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area index over that of the untreated transplants whereas the spray application tended to reduce these factors during the first 3 weeks after transplanting. Significant differences between gel and spray subtreatments disappeared by 5 weeks after transplanting. Shelterbelts ameliorated crop microclimate thereby enhancing plant growth. Significantly, wind velocity at canopy height was reduced 40% on average and soil temperatures were about 4% warmer in the sheltered plots compared to the exposed plots during the first 5 weeks post-transplant. Muskmelon plants in the sheltered areas grew significantly faster than the plants in the exposed areas in 2 of the 3 years reported, with the 3-year average fresh weight increased by 168% due to wind protection. Overall transplanting success and early growth were enhanced the most by wind protection, followed by the polyacrylamide gel root dip, and least by the antitranspirant foliar spray. We conclude that microclimate modification by wind speed reduction can increase early muskmelon plant growth more consistently than the use of polyacrylamide gel as a root dip at transplanting or the use of an antitranspirant spray. A polyacrylamide gel root dip generally will provide more benefit during early muskmelon growth than the use of an antitranspirant spray.

scholarly journals Growth dynamics and yield of melon as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Castellanos ◽  
María Jesús Cabello ◽  
María del Carmen Cartagena ◽  
Ana María Tarquis ◽  
Augusto Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for melon (Cucumis melo L.) production. However there is scanty information about the amount necessary to maintain an appropriate balance between growth and yield. Melon vegetative organs must develop sufficiently to intercept light and accumulate water and nutrients but it is also important to obtain a large reproductive-vegetative dry weight ratio to maximize the fruit yield. We evaluated the influence of different N amounts on the growth, production of dry matter and fruit yield of a melon 'Piel de sapo' type. A three-year field experiment was carried out from May to September. Melons were subjected to an irrigation depth of 100% crop evapotranspiration and to 11 N fertilization rates, ranging 11 to 393 kg ha-1 in the three years. The dry matter production of leaves and stems increased as the N amount increased. The dry matter of the whole plant was affected similarly, while the fruit dry matter decreased as the N amount was increased above 112, 93 and 95 kg ha-1, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI), 3.1, was obtained at 393 kg ha-1 of N. The lowest N supply reduced the fruit yield by 21%, while the highest increased the vegetative growth, LAI and Leaf Area Duration (LAD), but reduced yield by 24% relative to the N93 treatment. Excessive applications of N increase vegetative growth at the expense of reproductive growth. For this melon type, rates about 90-100 kg ha-1 of N are sufficient for adequate plant growth, development and maximum production. To obtain fruit yield close to the maximum, the leaf N concentration at the end of the crop cycle should be higher than 19.5 g kg-1.

scholarly journals The Effects of Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth Parameters of Corn (SC704)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melika Taheri ◽  
Hania Ataiei Qarache ◽  
Alimohammad Ataei Qarache ◽  
Mahdieh Yoosefi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Zno Particles

Nanoparticles are widely used in various fields like medicine and agriculture. Plant growth is hindered in mineral poor soils. Supplementing mineral poor soils can improve plant growth. One role of nanoparticles in agriculture is stimulating crop growth. In this study, the three different physical forms of ZnO particles in irrigation water were used to supplement mineral poor soil. Their effect on the growth of single cross 704 (SC704) corn was investigated. We studied the effects of ZnO nanocolloid, ZnO nanoparticles, and micrometric ZnO particles. The concentration of nanoparticles in irrigation water was 2 ppm. The results show that the addition of all three ZnO particle types in irrigation water improved shoot dry matter and leaf area index. The best results came from the ZnO nanoparticle treatment which on average, increased the shoot dry matter and leaf area indexes by 63.8% and 69.7% respectively. Based on these results, we can conclude that zinc nanoparticles can improve corn growth and yield in mineral poor soils.

Analysis of the regrowth of a tropical grass/legume sward subjected to different frequencies and intensities of defoliation

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Ludlow ◽  
DA Charles-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Cutting Height

Dry weight, leaf area, light interception and canopy photosynthesis were measured during 3- or 5-week regrowth periods of Setaria anceps/Desmodium intortum swards cut to 7.5 or 15 cm. Dry matter production during the experiment and over the growing season increased with cutting height and with interval between defoliations, but the proportion of grass to legume was unaffected. These effects of defoliation on dry matter production were similar to those estimated for integrated canopy photosynthesis from measured light interception and calculated leaf photosynthetic characteristics. Height and frequency of defoliation had no effect on canopy extinction coefficient for light, nor on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics, except for the first 1-2 weeks after defoliation when leaf photosynthetic rates appeared to be depressed. The main effects of height and frequency of defoliation on dry matter production were through their effects on leaf area index and light interception.

Above-Ground Dry Matter Production in Three Stands of Trembling Aspen

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

Above-ground biomass, annual production, and leaf area index (LAI) were estimated for several years in aspen stands aged 6, 15, and 52 years old in 1968. Based on regressions of dry weight on stem diameter, biomass (stems and branches) estimates for 1968 were 21 500 kg ha−1 in the juvenile stand, 51 200 kg ha−1 in the intermediate stand, and 91 800 kg ha−1 in the mature stand. Net annual above-ground production (stems and branches) for these stands in 1968 was 6900, 7000, and 1340 kg ha−1 respectively. In 1969, foliage amounted to 2600, 2600, and 1500 kg ha−1, providing LAI of 2.4, 2.9, and 1.6 for the stands. Net assimilation rates were roughly 20, 17, and 9 g m−2 week−1.Aspen stands regenerated as suckers may attain maximum annual production within a few years, coincident with the development of maximum LAI.

scholarly journals Leaf Area Estimation in Chamomile

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Jocélia Rosa da Silva ◽  
Arno Bernardo Heldwein ◽  
Andressa Janaína Puhl ◽  
Adriana Almeida do Amarante ◽  
Daniella Moreira Salvadé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Area Determination

The knowledge of the variables specific leaf area and leaf area index is important for direct or indirect quantification of plant growth, development and yield. However, there is a lack of these information due to the difficulty in measuring the leaf area of chamomile. Measuring leaf area by direct methods, such as the use of leaf area integrator is a very laborious and time consuming activity because the plant has many leaves and with small size. The use of leaf dry matter is a promising variable for the leaf area estimation. As an important measure to evaluate plant growth, the present study aimed to obtain a model for chamomile leaf area estimation through leaf dry matter. The experiment was conducted in two sowing dates (March 18 and June 30, 2017) at different plant densities (66, 33, 22, 16, 13, 11 and 8 plants m-2). The leaves of chamomile plants were collected in the plant vegetative and reproductive phases. The leaf area determination was performed using the electronic integration method of leaf area. The specific leaf area was 133 cm2 g-1, with no differences between sowing dates, plant densities and phenological phases of plant collection. The leaf area measured with the electronic leaf area integrator exhibited high correlation with chamomile leaf dry matter and the resulting model of leaf area data by the integrator presented optimum performance. This model is indicated for leaf area determination of chamomile when there is availability of leaf dry matter data.

scholarly journals The Effect of Microbe Plus and Phosphorus Fertilizers on the Vegetative Growth of Oil Palm (Elaesis guineensis, Jacq.) Seedlings

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. Oppong ◽  
A. Opoku ◽  
N. Ewusi-Mensah ◽  
F. Danso ◽  
H. O. Tuffour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Area Index

The main objective of this study was to improve the growth of oil palm seedlings by using microbe plus to enhance phosphorous availability from rock phosphate under oil palm nursery was evaluated at Oil Palm Research Institute of Ghana, Kade-Kumasi. The study consisted of 16 treatments replicated 3 times in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design. The factors tested were: Phosphate fertilizers (Phosphate only, triple superphosphate, super rock phosphate and Togo rock phosphate) and microbe plus rates (0, 50, 100 and 150%). Data was collected on leaf area, leaf area index and dry matter production. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT Version 11.1 (2008). The results showed that the P fertilizers and microbe plus applied alone or their interactions had no significant (P=.05) effect on leaf area and leaf area index values, however, dry matter produced was significantly (P=.05) different from each other. TSPMP150 treated seedlings produced significantly (P=.05) the highest dry weight; 42% increase over the control (No phosphate and microbe plus). The complementary use of microbe plus with triple superphosphate or Senegal rock phosphate proved to be the best options in terms of the parameters measured than the triple superphosphate. Microbe plus can therefore be used in combination with rock phosphate to improve phosphate availability. Field experiment is suggested to validate the effect of microbe plus and these rock phosphates on the performance of oil palm, whereas, additional studies with different application rates, both at nursery and at the field, are recommended.

scholarly journals Modeling Poinsettia Plant Quality in Response to the Ratio of Radiant to Thermal Energy

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 501A-501
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Area Index

The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of the radiant-to-thermal energy ratio (RRT) on poinsettia plant growth and development during the vegetative stage and develop a simple, mechanistic model for poinsettia quality control. Based on greenhouse experiments conducted with 27 treatment combinations; i.e., factorial combinations of three levels of constant temperature (19, 23, or 27°C), three levels of daily light integral (5, 10, or 20 mol/m2 per day), and three plant spacings (15 × 15, 22 × 22, or 30 × 30 cm), from pinch to the onset of short-day flower induction, the relationship between plant growth/development and light/temperature has been established. A model for poinsettia quality control was constructed using the computer software program STELLA II. The t-test shows that there were no significant differences between model predictions and actual observations for all considered plant characteristics; i.e., total, leaf and stem dry weight, leaf unfolding number, leaf area index, and leaf area. The simulation results confirm that RRT is an important parameter to describe potential plant quality in floral crop production.

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