scholarly journals Flower visiting activity of honeybees on fruit species blooming subsequently

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soltész ◽  
P. Benedek ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
T. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
College Faculty ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Red Currant

In the small demonstration orchard of the College Faculty of Horticulture at Kecskemét the blooming time, the flower density and the honeybee activity was observed at a number of cultivars of 20 flower species during four consecutive years. Fruit crop species were in flower during 3-4 months altogether. The blooming period of them was classified into five groups as early (almond, apricot, gooseberry), middle early (sweet cherry, red currant, currant-gooseberry, black currant, white currant, peach, plum, sour cherry), middle late (pear, strawberry, apple), late (black elder, quince, medlar, raspberry, blackberry-raspberry) and very late blooming period (blackberry). The blooming period of the members of the groups of early and medium early blooming often coincided partly and the same happened between the medium and the medium late as well as between fruits of late and very late flowering. The flower density of some fruit species is extremely variable (currant-gooseberry, medlar), while at others it is fairly stable and evenly dense in consecutive years (sour cherry, sweet cherry, strawberry). At other fruit species it is moderately changeable. Some fruit species tended to attract more honeybees than others (plum, apple, quince, medlar) and some of them tended to attract much less (black elder, pear) but most species can be regarded as of medium attractivity. On the flowers of some fruit species (pear, strawberry, quince) honeybees gathered pollen predominantly. At most fruit species however pollen and nectar gathering behaviour seemed to be gradually changing during the season. Namely most honeybees tended to gather pollen at the flowers of the early blooming fruit species, but on the other hand typical foraging behaviour gradually shifted to nectar gathering at the flowers of fruit species of moderate and late blooming periods.  

scholarly journals Rhagoletis cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae): Biological characteristics, harmfulness and control

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetomir Stamenkovic ◽  
Pantelija Peric ◽  
Drago Milosevic
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Rhagoletis Cerasi

The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a highly destructive pest in sweet and sour cherry orchards with a distribution area throughout Europe and the temperate regions of Asia. It occurs regularly in all production regions of these fruit species in Serbia, damaging up to 10% of cherries in commercial production, while damage can go up to 100% in orchards and on solitary threes unprotected by control measures. In Serbia, European cherry fruit fly most often attacks and damages fruits of the lateripening cultivars of sweet cherry (Van, Stela, Hedelfinger, Bing, Lambert, Drogan?s Yellow). After a sweet cherry harvest, adults migrate to sour cherry where they continue feeding and ovipositing in half-mature sour cherries (prevailingly the domestic ecotype Oblacinska). During their activity period, larvae damage the fruits, so that they can no longer be consumed either fresh or processed. The high percentage of sour cherries damaged by R. cerasi has become a factor limiting exports because the intensity of infestation of this fruit exceeds permissible limits. Pesticide use for controlling this pest, especially in integrated production, is based on a very poor selection of insecticides which cause problems with residual ecotoxicity. Consequently, alternative measures for controlling European cherry fruit fly have been intensively studied over the past few years. This work surveys up-to-date results of various studies on the European cherry fruit fly as a very important pest in Serbia and other South and Mid-European countries. The work contains detailed descriptions of its biological characteristics, flight phenology, infestation intensity and possibilities of fly control in sweet and sour cherry production areas.

Pollination ecology of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) in the Western Ghats, India

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palatty Allesh Sinu ◽  
K. R. Shivanna
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
The Western Ghats

Heterogeneous agroforestry systems play an important role in maintaining animal pollinator diversity (Klein et al. 2003, Perfecto et al. 1996), most likely by extending floral resources in lean periods. An understanding of the mutualistic relationship between flower-visiting insects and crop species in such agroforestry systems (Kearns et al. 1998), particularly on the diversity of pollinator species, their spatio-temporal variations, foraging behaviour (Cunningham 2000, Greenleaf & Kremen 2006, Klein et al. 2003) and their pollination efficiency (Motten et al. 1981), is important as they are some of the crucial biological predictors of pollination success.

scholarly journals Mature Sweet Cherries Have Low Turgor

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Knoche ◽  
Eckhard Grimm ◽  
Henrik Jürgen Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Tissue Pressure ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The pressure inside a mature sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit is thought to be an important factor in rain cracking. However, to our knowledge, this pressure has never been quantified directly. The objectives of this study are to quantify: 1) the cell turgor () in fruit using a cell pressure probe (CPP) and a vapor pressure osmometer (VPO); and 2) the tissue pressure in a fruit () using both a fruit pressure probe (FPP) and a compression-plate technique (CP). The value of in mesocarp cells of mature sweet cherry fruit averaged 28.1 kPa in ‘Samba’ and 17.5 kPa in ‘Sam’ at depths below the fruit surface between 200 and 400 μm. A (range 38 to 64 kPa for different cultivars) calculated from the tissue water potential ( = –2968 to –4035 kPa) and the osmotic potential () ( = –3020 to –4116 kPa) of excised mesocarp discs as determined by VPO was of the same order of magnitude as that by CPP. Similar low values were obtained by FPP (range 8.0 to 11.8 kPa across cultivars). The were consistently lower than the values measured by CPP or by VPO. The value in the mesocarp increased slightly with increasing depth below the surface. However, was always negligible (e.g., ‘Samba’ = 10 kPa) compared with either (‘Samba’ = –2395 kPa) or calculated water potential () (‘Samba’ = –2385 kPa). When subjecting intact fruit to CP, linear relationships were obtained between the forces applied and the resulting aplanation areas. The values obtained by CP (range in sweet cherry 18.4 to 36.1 kPa) were somewhat larger than the values obtained by FPP (range in sweet cherry 8.0 to 11.8 kPa). Incubating fruit for up to 7.5 h in deionized water or for up to 96 h in air enclosed above dry silica gel had no measurable effects on . The low and the low values are not unique to sweet cherry. Values of the same order of magnitude were obtained also in mature sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), european plum (Prunus domestica L.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.), red currant (Ribes rubrum L.), black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Possible explanations for the very low values of and are discussed.

scholarly journals Bud-, flower- and fruit-density in stone fruits

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
Vigorous Growth

In 164 varieties of five stone fruit species, counts of flower buds, flowers and fruits set have been performed, regularly, between 1982 and 2002. The critical number and sample size has been determined for the purpose to estimate the yielding potential of peach plantations. For a rapid test, 10 shoots per variety are recommended. In sour cherry and peach varieties, the number and ratio of leaf and flower buds has been assessed on bearing shoots of different length. The typical flower bud density of 129 peach varieties varies, as a rule, between 0.13 and 1.10 bud/cm. Three groups of flower-bud-densities could be distinguished: low (0-0.40 bud/cm), intermediate (0.41-0.60 bud/cm), high (more than 0.60 bud/cm). About 62% of varieties belong to the intermediate group. Negative correlation has been found between flower density and relative fruit set, whereas positive correlation between flower density and fruit yield. The results are utilised in the description and choice of varieties, moreover, in choosing of optimal pruning policies. Varieties of high flower bud densities are recommended to be preferred for growing sites with frequent late frosts. Abundantly yielding varieties of low vegetative vigour are to be pruned more severely than those characterised by low yields, vigorous growth and low flower density. Sour cherry varieties, which are inclined to grow "whips" ought to be stimulated to grow longer shoots (40-50 cm per year), than varieties woid of that tendency (30-40 cm).

scholarly journals The morphology of stigmata in stone fruit species

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
E. Felhősné Váczi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Side View ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Circular Form ◽  
Size And Morphology

The morphology of the stigma has been studied in 50 varieties belonging to 6 stone fruit species. The majority of samples had elliptical stigmata with some exceptions with circular form (Duane, Tuleu gras). The surface of the stigma is papillary, flattened in side view (sweet cherry) or bulging (apricot, peach). The suture of the stigma is clearly visible as a depression and the varieties may differ in this respect. The size of the stigma depends highly from the season, although the varietal differences are maintained. The dimension of stigmatic surface is characteristic for the species expressed in square millimetres: sweet cherry 0.92 to 2.91; sour cherry 1.64 to 2.48; plum 0.83 to 1.80; oriental plum 0.53 to 1.15; apricot 0.57 to 1.69 mm2. The size and morphology of the stigma changes according to varieties too, and it may used in description and identification of varieties. No correlation has been found between the size of stigma and the fertility relations (self-fertility or self-incompatibility) of the respective varieties.  

NEW VARIETIES OF CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRY BREEDING PLANTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
O. D. Golyaeva ◽  
O. V. Kurashev ◽  
S. D. Knyazev ◽  
А. Yu. Bakhotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
First Time ◽  
Red Currant

The main goal of the scientific institution was and remains to improve the assortment of fruit and berry crops for the development of domestic horticulture. Black currant breeding at VNIISPK was started by A.F Tamarova and continued by the doctor of agricultural Sciences T.P.Ogoltsova and doctor of agricultural Sciences S.D. Knyazev. A long-term breeding program has been developed. The main goals of the program are to create black currant cultivars with continuous resistance to diseases, first of all powdery mildew, as wells resistance to pests, i.e. bud mite. As a result of the long-term work, over 40 black currant cultivars have been developed, 14 of them are zoned. Red currant breeding was led by the candidate of agricultural Sciences L.V. Bayanova; since 2001 the work has been continued by the candidate of agricultural Sciences O.D. Golyaeva. ‘Heinemanns Rote Spӓtlese’, the descendant of R. multiflorum Kit., was involved in the red currant breeding for the first time in Russia. On its genetic basis, a series of late maturing cultivars with long and dense racemes was created. At the Institute, in total 21cultivars of red currants have been developed, 13 of them are zoned. At present, red currant cultivars make up 25.5% of the zoned assortment in Russia. The first research on gooseberries was stated by V.P. Semakin and A.F Tamarova; since 1992 the systematic gooseberry breeding has been carried out by the candidate of agricultural Sciences O.V. Kurashev. On the basis of Grossularia robusta, we have created gooseberry forms that are resistant to powdery mildew and leaf spots. These forms are highly productive, weakly thorned, having bush habit suitable for mechanized harvest. The result of breeding activities was the transfer of 6 gooseberry cultivars to State agricultural testing: ‘Solnechny Zaychik’, ‘Nekrasovsky’, ‘Yupiter’, ‘Zemlianichny’, ‘Moryachok’ and ‘Discovery’.

Fungus Spaeropsis Malorum peck. One of the currant stalk drying agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
S. E. Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Red Currant

The article highlights the results of research carried out in 2019-2020 to study the reasons for the drying out of the stems of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) and golden currant (Ribes aureum L.). As a result of research, the fungus Sphaeropsis malorum Peck. in the first in Russia it was revealed from the drying stems of three types of black currants, red currants and golden currants. This  pathogen inhabited currant stems together with fungi from the genus Cytospora spp., causative agents of stem drying. On red currants, it was established that S. malorum was the main causative agent of branch drying, as indicated by the high frequency of occurrence (75.0-83.3 %) of this fungus on the affected stems, compared with species from the genus Cytospora spp. (16.7-33.3 %) and Phomopsis ribesia (25.0 %). Due to the fact that the cultivation of currants in the immediate vicinity of apple and pear trees leads to infection of plants with the fungus S. malorum, it is necessary to avoid planting currants in the vicinity of fruit-bearing seed gardens.

Studies of rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in the condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Rahima I. Ismoilova ◽  
Sodzhida D. Umarova
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Phenological Observation ◽  
Entire Observation Period ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leaf System ◽  
Observation Period

This paper is about studying the rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan. Each type of rootstock has its own biological characteristics and imposes specific requirements for growing and development, both during reproduction in the mother plantation and during the growth of trees. For example, the root system in sour cherry is more superficial that of wild sweet cherry. Therefore, the care of trees grafted on sour cherry and wild cherry and of mother plantation bushes of these rootstocks cannot be same. Besides, there are very significant differences among the individual groups of rootstocks. Wild cherry, Mahaleb cherry and Lubskaya cherry are used as rootstocks in the conditions of the Hissar Valley in Tajikistan. High specificity of sweet cherry cultivar varieties depends on the rootstocks. Phenological observation were carried out in our experiments during years 2013-2018 in order to study their winter resistance, yield capacity and fruit quality. The same care for root and grafted plants was carried out during the entire observation period. At the same time a certain ratio between the leaf system of the rootstock and the graft was maintained by trimming the crown. As a result of the evolution and selection, we have identified the wild cherry forms which are distinguished by the highest yields. The most valuable cultivar varieties are Napoleon cherry and Bagration cherry. Compotes made of these varieties have received high evaluation in tasting.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Genome-Wide 6K SNP Array for Diploid Sweet Cherry and Tetraploid Sour Cherry

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e48305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Peace ◽  
Nahla Bassil ◽  
Dorrie Main ◽  
Stephen Ficklin ◽  
Umesh R. Rosyara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

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