scholarly journals Possibilities of blossom and twig blight management in organic stone fruit production

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb ◽  
M. Fazekas ◽  
P. Lakatos ◽  
B. Balla ◽  
J. M. Gáll
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Twig Blight ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Chemical Materials

In this study, possibilities of environmentally-benign plant protection against blossom and twig blight were summarized for organic stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to blossom and twig blight was discussed. Several sustainable plant protection methods were selected and discussed in details such as mechanical, agrotechnical, biological, and other non-chemical control possibilities (stone powders, plant extracts and restricted chemical materials).

scholarly journals Environmentally-benign plant protection possibilities against domestic Monilinia spp. in organic apple and stone fruit orchards

2005 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Imre Holb ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Gábor Drén ◽  
Sándor Thurzó ◽  
József Racskó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Chemical Materials

In this study, possibilities of environmental-friendly plant protection against domestical brwon rot species were summarized for oecological pome and stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of the two most important brown rot species (Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to brown rot was discussed. Furthermore, mechanical, agrotecnical, biological, and other control possibilities (stone powders, plant extracts and restricted chemical materials) were shown.

scholarly journals Possibilities of brown rot management in organic stone fruit production in Hungary

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Lime Sulphur ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards

In this study, possibilities of environmentally-friendly plant protection against two brown rot species was summarized for organic stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of the two most important brown rot species (Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to brown rot was discussed. Several sustainable plant protection methods were selected and discussed in details such as mechanical, agrotehcnical, biological, and other control possibilities (elemental sulphur, lime sulphur and copper).

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa on Peach and Nectarine using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2305-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Franco Ortega ◽  
Maria del Pilar Bustos López ◽  
Luca Nari ◽  
Neil Boonham ◽  
Maria Lodovica Gullino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
North And South America

Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola are two causal agents of brown rot, one of the most important diseases in stone fruit. Two species cause blight on blossoms and twigs and brown rot on fruit in pre- and postharvest. Both species are distributed worldwide in North and South America, Australia, and Japan. In Europe, M. laxa is endemic, while M. fructicola was introduced in 2001 and it is now widespread in several countries. Currently, both species coexist in European stone fruit orchards. Monilinia spp. overwinter in cankers and mummified fruit. Mummy monitoring during winter permits growers to understand which species of Monilinia will be prevalent in an orchard during the following season, permitting planning of an appropriate crop protection. Traditionally, the identification has been carried out using morphological features and even with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays that requires time and well-equipped laboratories. In this study, two isothermal-based methods were designed to identify these pathogens in a faster way than using traditional methods. The loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays were validated on some isolates of Monilinia spp. coming from the mummy monitoring according to the international European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization standard (PM7/98), taking into account specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The sensitivity of both assays was checked by monitoring (at different time points) two nectarine varieties artificially inoculated and stored at two different temperatures. The reliability of both LAMP assays against the quantification of the inoculum was compared with previously published quantitative PCR assays. Both LAMP methods were able to detect a low number of cells. These LAMP methods could be a useful tool for monitoring brown rot causal agents in the field and during postharvest.

scholarly journals Brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot of apricot in Hungary

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Drén ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

The aim of our two-year study was to assess incidence of brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot caused by Monilinia laxa in 2003 and 2004. Assessments of incidence were made on cv. Bergeron (susceptible to brown rot) in a flatland and a hilly growing area (at Cegléd and Gönc, respectively). In both locations, plant protection was performed according to the integrated fruit production guidelines and small untreated plots were set up for each cultivar in both years. In 2003, when weather conditions were dry and hot, brown rot incidence was low (less than 10%) on both blossoms and fruits. Monilinia laxa did not cause significantly different blossom blight and fruit rot at the hilly (Gönc) area compared to the flatland, not even in untreated plots. However, in 2004, when spring and summer weather conditions were wet and cold, Incidence reached 95% for blossom blight and 33% for fruit rot in the untreated plots. Blossom blight incidence was 1.5-2 times higher in the flatland area compared to the hilly growing area. During the blooming period of apricot, two (at flower bud stage and at full bloom) and three (at flower bud stage, at full bloom and at petal fall) fungicide applications were necessary for the successful control at Gönc and Cegléd, respectively. The difference between the two orchards was due to the fact that blooming started one week later in the hilly region (at Gone) than in the flatland region (at Cegléd), therefore, the critical weather period coincided with blooming in the orchard in the hilly region only partially. Fruit rot incidence was similar in both regions as the amount and distribution of rainfall were similar during the fruit ripening period.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Austrian apricot and peach cultivars to

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

1548 stone fruit trees (1435 trees of P. armeniaca, 113 trees of P. persica) were examined by PCR for ESFY to get information on spread and susceptibility of cultivars and rootstocks used in Austrian stone fruit production. Cultivar susceptibility seems to be less important for tolerance to ESFY than rootstock resistance. Apricot cultivars on rootstocks of myrobalan, commonly used in Austria, are more infected than cultivars on plum rootstocks. Data on peach and apricot rootstocks are not representative as both are not commonly used in Austrian apricot production. In addition, the presence of peroxidase activity in shoot sieve tubes of infected apricot trees (Hungarian Best) reveals that peroxidase is involved in defense mechanisms in plant-pathogen interaction.

scholarly journals Attractiveness of stone fruits production in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Dagmar Kudová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Matrix

The paper deals with evaluation of attractiveness of stone fruits production in Czech Republic using the industry attractiveness evaluation matrix according to the methodology of Higgins and Vincze (1989). It was identifies the key criteria for evaluation of attractiveness, described in detail and eva­lua­ted from the viewpoint of a producer operating in the stone fruits production industry. According to the data of the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (OTK ÚKZÚZ) for 2008, 1166 entities (companies and growers) farmed on 21 738 hectares of fruit orchards, of which 6 730 ha were aimed on stone fruit production.Total sales for the production of stone fruits decreased by 34.5 % in the period of 2004–2008. Production of stone fruit can be sold through sales co-operatives, to a fruit processing company or in­de­pen­dent­ly. Czech Ministry of Agriculture and the EU through the State Agricultural Intervention Fund stated a range of support programs under which it is possible to apply for funding. Attractiveness of the production of stone fruit is evaluated as below average; the result of the industry attractiveness evaluation matrix for this sector equals 1.84, which is lower than the average score of 3.00.

Pheromone-mediated mass trapping and population diversion as strategies for suppressing Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Australian stone fruit orchards

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. James ◽  
Beverley Vogele ◽  
Richard J. Faulder ◽  
Robert J. Bartelt ◽  
Christopher J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Leucostoma cinctum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Hayova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Abstract A description is provided for Leucostoma cinctum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leucostoma cinctum, especially in its conidial state, is a well-known pathogen of stone-fruit trees causing necrosis of twigs, perennial Cytospora-canker. The fungus penetrates mainly through the scars, and may result in dieback of branches or even whole trees. Tree susceptibility to L. cinctum is influenced by lesions (Stanova, 1990). Comparative anatomy and host response of peach cultivars inoculated with L. cinctum was studied by Biggs (1986). Resistance of different cultivars of stone-fruit trees to L cinctum has been investigated by many authors (Cociu et al., 1991; Miles et al., 1989; Pedryc & Rozsnyai, 1991). HOSTS: On dead or dying, attached or fallen twigs of the Rosaceae, mainly Prunoideae (Amygdalus, Armeniaca, Cerasus, Persica, Prunus) and rarely other subfamilies of the Rosaceae, including genera such as Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Malus and Pyrus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Australasia: Australia. Europe: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA (Idaho, Michigan, New-Jersey, Oregon). TRANSMISSION: Both conidia and ascospores are air-borne, especially under humid conditions. Orange or reddish droplets or tendrils of conidia extruded from conidiomata can be often seen after rain. It is also known that arthropods can carry propagules in stone-fruit orchards (Helton et al., 1988).

Myrtillocactus geometrizans fruit plant stimulated with Effective microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 025-032
Author(s):  
Domenico Prisa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Growing Medium

The aim of this work is to develop an innovative technology for the cultivation of Myrtillocactus geometrizans, introducing the use of Effective microorganisms and at the same time, limiting the use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products and improving the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of garambullos for consumption and processing. The trial showed a significant improvement in the agronomic parameters analysed on Myrtillocactus geometrizans plants treated with Effective microorganisms. In particular, there was an increase in plant height and circumference, vegetative and root weight, number of flowers and fruits, number and length of thornes in plants treated with microorganisms. In addition, the use of EM microorganisms showed a significant increase in total betalains, ascorbic acid, phenols and total flavonoids in garambullos. It was important to underline how the use of Effective microorganisms guaranteed, despite the reduction of irrigation and fertilisation by 50% in the growing medium, the same results in terms of agronomic parameters and fruit production and quality as the control with irrigation and fertilisation under optimal conditions. The application of Effective microorganisms in agricultural processing can therefore guarantee higher production standards, with a possible reduction in costs fertilizer and water. Particularly for those farms that want to focus on the production of ornamental and fruit cacti. Fruits obtained from growing plants treated with Effective microorganisms have a high antioxidant and nutraceutical potential, which is very important especially in this age where food is also a medicine.

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