scholarly journals The effect of nectar production to the gathering behaviour of honeybees and to the foraging activity of wild bees at apple flowers

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
K. Finta
Keyword(s):  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nectar Content

Intensity of bee visitation (honeybees and wild bees), foraging behaviour of honeybees and nectar parameters (nectar production, sugar concentration, sugar content in nectars) were inspected at 18 apple cultivars for three consecutive years. Honeybee visitation was calculated to be some 3.07 bee visits at a single apple flower a day but wild bee activity was very low, only some 0.11 wild bee visits per flower per day. The nectar production (nectar content) of apple flowers was fairly different according to the cultivars and the nectar production (nectar content) of flowers was negatively correlated with the sugar concentration in nectar. Interestingly, at the majority of the inspected 18 cultivars the nectar production has shown minor or no changes in the morning and at the afternoon. The nectar production (nectar content) of flowers clearly encouraged the total bee activity at the inspected cultivars (r = 0.54). Bees visited abundant nectars with greater sugar concentration most intensely than lees abundant nectars with smaller sugar concentration. Nectar parameters, however, affected the activity of honeybees with different types of gathering behaviour in different way. More intense activity by pollen gatherer and mixed behaviour honeybees was observed at cultivars producing abundant nectar (pollen gatherers: r = 0.65, mixed behaviour: r = 0.79). The activity of pollen gatherer honeybees and of mixed behaviour bees, on the other hand, was negatively correlated to the sugar concentration in nectar (pollen gatherers: r = -0.51, mixed behaviour: r = -0.73). This can be explained by the fact that their behaviour was much more affected by the amount of pollen than by any nectar parameters. Accordingly, "mixed behaviour honeybees" should probably rather be called as "pollen gatherers with nectar load" instead of "nectar gatherers with pollen load", as widely used in literature. The activity of ineffective side worker nectar gatherers was greatly encouraged by the sugar concentration in nectar (p = 0.63), similarly to the pure (top) nectar gatherer honeybees (r = 0.72). There was a negative relationship between the nectar production (nectar content) of flowers and the activity of these behaviour classes (nectar gatherers: r = -0.47, side workers: r = -0.36). Concluding the findings we can state that the activity of pollen gatherers and mixed behaviour honeybees is strongly encouraged by greater nectar production (greater nectar content) of apple flowers. Their activity, however, is mostly dependent firstly on the amount of pollen. This is the reason why the sugar concentration is in a negative relationship to the activity of pure pollen gatherers and mixed behaviour bee. On the other hand, pure nectar gatherers and side worker nectar gatherers are greatly encouraged by the sugar concentration of apple nectar the amount of nectar was not a definite influence on their activity. Side worker honeybees occurred at each cultivar inspected, however, their ratio varied widely among cultivars. So we can draw the conclusion that, in contradiction with earlier believes, side worker nectar gathering is a general phenomenon at apple flowers. The activity of side workers depends first of all on the relative position of stamens and petals; however, low sugar concentration of nectars can probably moderate their activity but probably do not affect pollen gatherers and mixed behaviour bees. Wild bee visitation was very low; the wild bee species observed (Osmia cornuta, Andrena flavipes, Anthophora acervorum, Bombus terrestris, Bombus lapidarius and Halictus simplex) comprised some 3.44 per cent of the total bee visitation at apple flowers only. Wild bee visitation was in a positive correlation with the nectar production (nectar amount) of flowers (r = 0,4) and with the sugar content of nectar (r = 0.46) but it was negatively correlated with the sugar concentration in nectar (r = -0,27). Our result calls the attention to the importance of nectar parameters in the effective honeybee pollination of apple plantations. Most effective pollinating activity of honeybees can be expected in plantations with cultivars of high nectar production because this feature seem so encourage the activity of those behaviour classes (pure pollen gatherers and mixed behaviour bees) that are the most effective pollinating agents among honeybees.

scholarly journals Flower mites decrease nectar availability in the rain-forest bromeliad Neoregelia johannis

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeu J. Guerra ◽  
Gustavo Q. Romero ◽  
Woodruff W. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Bombus Morio ◽  
Nectar Rewards ◽  
Flower Mites ◽  
Nectar Availability

Abstract:Nectarivorous flower mites can reduce the volume of nectar available to pollinators. The effects of the flower mite Proctolaelaps sp. on nectar availability in flowers of a melittophilous bromeliad Neoregelia johannis (Bromeliaceae) was evaluated in a coastal rain forest in south-eastern Brazil. In a randomized block experiment utilizing 18 flower pairs, one per bromeliad ramet, pollinators (Bombus morio) and mites were excluded, and then nectar volume, sugar concentration and sugar mass were quantified over the anthesis period. Mites significantly reduced nectar volume early in the morning (6h00–8h00), but not later (10h00–12h00). Mites decreased total volume of nectar available up to 22%. Sugar concentration in nectar was higher earlier in the morning, and decreased between 10h00–12h00. The pronounced consumption of nectar by mites during the period of higher sugar concentration reduced the total amount of sugar available to pollinators by 31%. This is the first study showing that flower mites decrease nectar rewards in a melittophilous plant. Because nectar volume by itself incompletely describes nectar production rates and the effects of nectar removal by flower mites on the availability of sugar, our study highlights the inclusion of sugar content in future studies assessing the effects of thieves on nectar production rates.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KONFORMITAS DAN HARGA DIRI DENGAN PERILAKU KONSUMTIF PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI KOTA DENPASAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Indah Yuliantari ◽  
Yohanes Kartika Herdiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Conformity Behavior ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Consumptive Behavior

Female teenager conformity behavior is caused by several factors, which is internal factor and external factor. One of the internal factor that caused female teenager has consumptive behavior is prestige. In the other hand, having a low prestige makes female teenager tense to make friends and join a certain group in accordance to lifting their prestige. There is a conformity factorin a teenager group. That result in one’s behavior which is based on their mate in that group. Because they want have a same norms which is expected with their group (Sarwono, 2002). If they can’t control consumptive behavior, it will give them bad impact such as wasteful, unproductive, a crime where a person will do something. On the other hand teenager is stage where a person tries to find their own identity through their friend of the same age. This will be very much related to conformity and self esteem female teenager consumptive behavior in Denpasar. There is a positive relationship between conformity and female teenager consumptive behavior and also there is a negative relationship between self esteem and female teenager consumptive behavior in Denpasar. This study was used quantitative method. There were 286 female teenager start from 10 and 11 grade student in Denpasar senior high school. They were selected by stratified random technique sampling. The data was obtain by using conformity scale (Reliability alpha 0,901), self esteem scale which was adopted by Wardhani (2009) (Reliability alpha 0,939), and consumptive behavior scale (Reliability alpha 0,900). The result of this study was showed there was a significant relationship between conformity and self esteem female teenager consumptive behavior in Denpasar (R=0,407; r2=0,165), by using multiple regression analysis. Partially there was a positive significant relationship between conformity and teenager consumptive behavior in Denpasar (r= 0,408); and also there was negative significant relationship between self esteem and female consumptive behavior in Denpasar (r= -0,124).   Keyword: Conformity, Self Esteem, Consumptive Behavior.  

scholarly journals Studies to Explain Associations between Relative Amounts of Body Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Arne Høstmark
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Current Context

Relative amounts of variables, such as body fatty acids, might be positively or negatively associated. The purpose of the present work was to investigate further, how such correlations might arise. One particular feature seemed to be that distributions of the variables were crucial for obtaining either positive or negative correlations, and for their strength, suggesting the name Distribution Dependent Correlations (DDC). The present work suggests that, with three positive scale variables, two of which (A, B) having very low variability relative to a third one (R), we should expect a positive association between percent A and percent B, the slope being estimated by the B/A ratio. Furthermore, we should expect a negative relationship between %R and %A (%B), in the current context. On the other hand, if A and B have high numbers and broad ranges relative to R, then %A should relate inversely to %B. Thus, ranges of A, B, and R seem to govern associations between their relative amounts, and alterations in the ranges have appreciable effects to change the associations. We suggest that evolution might utilize DDC to regulate metabolism, as suggested to occur with body fatty acids.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of bumblebees with honeybee-associated viruses: no direct fitness costs but potential future threats to novel wild bee hosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Tehel ◽  
Tabea Streicher ◽  
Simon Tragust ◽  
Robert J. Paxton
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Laboratory Infection ◽  
Correlational Data

Pathogen spillover represents an important cause of biodiversity decline. For wild bee species such as bumblebees, many of which are in decline, correlational data point towards viral spillover from managed honeybees as a potential cause. Yet, impacts of these viruses on wild bees are rarely evaluated. Here, in a series of highly controlled laboratory infection assays with well-characterized viral inocula, we show that three viral types isolated from honeybees (deformed wing virus genotype A, deformed wing virus genotype B and black queen cell virus) readily replicate within hosts of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris . Impacts of these honeybee-derived viruses - either injected or fed - on the mortality of B. terrestris workers were, however, negligible and probably dependent on host condition. Our results highlight the potential threat of viral spillover from honeybees to novel wild bee species, though they also underscore the importance of additional studies on this and other wild bee species under field-realistic conditions to evaluate whether pathogen spillover has a negative impact on wild bee individuals and population fitness.

scholarly journals Investigation of the cultivation value of old grapevine cultivars in Tokaj in 2004-2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Varga ◽  
F. Bényei ◽  
P. Jr. Bodor ◽  
I. Fazekas
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
Qualitative Responses

Most of the cultivars grown before the disaster of phylloxera in Tokaj can be found only in grapevine collections. The aim of our study was to determinate the cultivation values of six old grapevine cultivars of the wine-region, namely 'Balafánt', 'Budai gohér', 'Purcsin', 'Török gohér, 'Piros (red) furmint' and 'Változó (altering) furmint'. Based on the results of the investigations from 2004 to 2006 it can be concluded that among from the examined cultivars of Tokaj `Budai gohér', Turcsin' and 'Változó furmint' match the best with the technological and consumer requirements of recent days. However the yield of 'Budai gohér' in certain vintages is not acceptable and red wine cultivars are not permitted at this time in the wine-region, but in qualitative responses these presented steadily good data. On the other hand the lowest sugar content was measured and development of noble rot was not registered at all in case of Piros furmint' and `Balafánt'. Their spread in Tokaj is not probable.

scholarly journals Does External Debt Matter for Investment: Evidence from GMM

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Yanıkkaya ◽  
Taner Turan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Debt Overhang ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Disincentive Effect ◽  
The Impact

In theory, the main channel which through external debt would affect the growth rate is investment. On the one hand, external debt would boost the investment by providing more resources than domestically available. On the other hand, external debt would create a disincentive effect, as suggested by debt overhang arguments. Since it is not clear which effect will dominate in practice, empirical studies would be helpful to shed light on the issue. Moreover, one can argue that the effect of external debt on the private and public investment does not need to be the same. Therefore, aside from total investment we investigate the impact of external debt on disaggregated investment. We use dynamic panel analysis and data for a large sample of countries to investigate the subject at hand. Our results indicate that there exists a negative relationship between external debt and total investment. Furthermore, we find that both total and public external debt lowers the private investment, consistent with debt overhang arguments. On the other hand, there is no relationship between the external debt and government investment.

scholarly journals MOBILE USAGE, SHOPPING BEHAVIOR, AND STUDY HABIT AS CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 394-408
Author(s):  
Nadzirah Mawi ◽  
Asma Perveen ◽  
Hazalizah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Study Habit ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Behavioral Aspects

This study aims to investigate the effect of certain factors of behavioral aspects on negative emotional states among university students. The behavioral aspects that are selected as independent variables in this study are mobile usage, buying behavior and study habits. On the other hand, the negative emotional states that are discussed in this study is depression, anxiety, and stress. Students (N=377) from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris were selected using stratified sampling and purposive sampling as respondents in this study. Correlation analysis was carried out to briefly inform the reader of the relationship between an independent variable and dependent variable, and also the interrelationship among them. There is a small effect indicated by the correlation coefficient between mobile usage and depression and between mobile usage and anxiety. On the other hand, there is a moderate relationship between mobile usage and stress. As for shopping behavior variable, the results indicated it correlates more with anxiety, followed by stress lastly with depression. Last but not least, there is a significant negative relationship between study habit and all dependent variables. As for among independent variables themselves, the results indicated that there is a significant correlation between that mobile usage with shopping behavior, but not with study habit. Same goes to between shopping behavior and study habit. On the contrary, among dependent variables themselves, the results indicated that there is a significantly high correlation between all of them. Multiple regression analysis is conducted by using SPSS software after testing the assumptions. The results of the regression indicated that the model was a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress. Study habit is a significant contributing factor to reduce depression among university students. Besides that, shopping behavior and study habit are a significant contributing factor to anxiety among university students. On the contrary, mobile usage and study habit are a significant contributing factor to stress among university students.

scholarly journals Biochemical Status of Stock Plants and Their Annual Sprouts as a Crucial Key for Successful Adventitious Root Formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Gregor OSTERC ◽  
Franci STAMPAR ◽  
Valentina SCHMITZER
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biochemical Status

Leafy cuttings of Prunus subhirtella Miq. ‘Autumnalis’ were harvested from mature, semi-mature and juvenile stock plants at four dates during the vegetative period 2011 (on 16th of May, on 30th of May, on 20th of June and on 11th of July) and their auxin levels (IAA, IAA-Asp) and sugar content (glucose, sucrose, sorbitol) were quantified. The IAA and IAA-Asp contents in cutting bases increased over the vegetative period, whereby aspartate values were higher than IAA values. The IAA-Asp values ranged from 6.3 µg g-1 to 22.7 µg g-1 FW and reached two great peaks on 30th of May and on 11th of July. The IAA values ranged from 0.29 µg g-1 to 4.51 µg g-1 FW, reaching a small fall on 20th of June. Significantly higher levels of IAA and IAA-Asp were measured at the base of mature cuttings compared to cuttings of semi-mature and juvenile origin, when the cuttings were harvested on 30th of May and on 11th of July. On the other hand, mature leafy cuttings accumulated significantly less fructose and glucose in their root emergence zone (16.3 g kg-1 DW, 45.2 g kg-1 DW) compared to semi-mature cuttings (26.4 g kg-1 DW, 62.5 g kg-1 DW) and juvenile cuttings (27.3 g kg-1 DW, 73.9 g kg-1 DW). All measured rooting parameters (rooting success, number of main roots and root length) were significantly improved when cuttings of a more juvenile origin (semi-mature and juvenile) were used.

scholarly journals Effect of Advertising Expenses and Sales Incentives on Financial Performance: Dissecting the Cases of Two Market Leaders

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Madhobi Hossain ◽  
Tiasha Islam
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Budget Reduction ◽  
Sales Incentives ◽  
Marketing Budgets

There has been much interest among academicians and practitioners to understand the role of marketing expenses in contributing to the financial performance of organizations. Especially, in times of recession, budget reduction, or market contraction, marketing budgets get the major cut. However, organizations continue to spend millions in the development and execution of marketing programs. This paper examines the effect of advertising and sales incentives on the revenue and profit of Grameenphone and bKash, who are the market leaders in their respective industries of Bangladesh. With the help of secondary data, it has been found that there is a negative relationship between advertising and financial performance (i.e. revenue and profit), but sales incentives on the other hand have a positive relationship with revenue and profit. 

scholarly journals Reduced nest development of reared Bombus terrestris within apiary dense human-modified landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Meeus ◽  
Laurian Parmentier ◽  
Matti Pisman ◽  
Dirk C. de Graaf ◽  
Guy Smagghe
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Competition For Resources ◽  
Biomass Increase

AbstractWild bees are in decline on a local to global scale. The presence of managed honey bees can lead to competition for resources with wild bee species, which has not been investigated so far for human-modified landscapes. In this study we assess if managed honey bee hive density influence nest development (biomass) of bumble bees, an important trait affecting fitness. We hypothesize that domesticated honey bees can negatively affect Bombus terrestris nest development in human-modified landscapes. In Flanders, Belgium, where such landscapes are dominantly present, we selected 11 locations with landscape metrics ranging from urban to agricultural. The bee hive locations were mapped and each location contained one apiary dense (AD) and one apiary sparse (AS) study site (mean density of 7.6 ± 5.7 managed honey bee hives per km2 in AD sites). We assessed the effect of apiary density on the reproduction of reared B. terrestris nests. Reared B. terrestris nests had more biomass increase over 8 weeks in apiary sparse (AS) sites compared to nests located in apiary dense (AD) sites. This effect was mainly visible in urban locations, where nest in AS sites have 99.25 ± 60.99 g more biomass increase compared to nest in urban AD sites. Additionally, we found that managed bumble bee nests had higher biomass increase in urban locations. We conclude that the density of bee hives is a factor to consider in regard to interspecific competition between domesticated honey bees and bumble bees.

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