scholarly journals Agronomic and alimentary evaluation of elder (Sambucus nigra L.) genotypes selected from natural populations of Hungary

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Szabó ◽  
B. Z. Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
The Moment

The black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) is a native plant in Hungary represented by extended and very variable populations. Cultivation of elderberry started during the late 90-ies because of the growing interests of the processing industry. High anthocyanin content, nutritive value of the berries and aromatic compounds of the flowers have been the esteemed constituents. At the moment, there are about 3000 hectares elder plantations in Hungary, which is more than of any of the other European countries. Unfortunately, the cultures are planted to the Austrian selections of Haschberg, in spite of the fact that about 10-15 other selections of other foreign countries have been registered and planted elsewhere. In addition to that, the wild population of Hungary may offer a precious opportunity of further selection. Since 1970, Aladár Porpáczy at Fertőd and the Department of Fruit Growing of the former University of Horticulture in the 1980-ies started the selection in Hungary too. The present study deals with 7 genotypes, their morphology of berries and inflorescences. Results are concentrated on four genotypes: Szcs­1, Szcs-2, Szcs-3 and Szcs-5, which are all earlier ripening than the Haschberg varieties, and are superior in characters of fruit and inflorescence.

scholarly journals Application of Elicitors in Two Ripening Periods of Vitis vinifera L. cv Monastrell: Influence on Anthocyanin Concentration of Grapes and Wines

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Diego F. Paladines-Quezada ◽  
José I. Fernández-Fernández ◽  
Juan D. Moreno-Olivares ◽  
Juan A. Bleda-Sánchez ◽  
José C. Gómez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration ◽  
The Moment

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that the application of elicitors such as methyl-jasmonate (MeJ) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) to wine grapes can increase their phenolic and aromatic compounds if they are treated at the beginning of ripening (veraison). However, the veraison period is short, and it is not always possible to apply the treatments in a few days. Therefore, it would be of great interest to optimize the moment of elicitor application or extend the treatment period. The aim of this paper was to analyze during two consecutive years (2016–2017) the foliar application of MeJ, BTH, and a combination of both, during two different ripening periods of Monastrell grapes (veraison and mid-ripening), and determine the more appropriate moment to increase the concentration of anthocyanins. To carry out this aim, analysis of anthocyanins by HPLC in grapes and wines was mainly performed. The most suitable period for the application of MeJ, BTH, and MeJ + BTH was at mid-ripening, since the grapes showed a greater accumulation of anthocyanins at harvest. However, the MeJ + BTH treatment applied during veraison also obtained similar results, which would allow extending the application period if necessary. However, the increase in the anthocyanin content of grapes was not reflected in all the wines, which may have been due to reinforcement of the skin cell wall as a result of the application of elicitors. Further analysis is needed to improve the maceration process of the Monastrell grapes and the extraction of the anthocyanins that were increased by the treatments applied in the vineyard.

The Ecology of Northern Australian Dacinae (Diptera:Tephritidae) I. Host Phenology and Utilization of Opilia amentacea Roxb. (Opiliaceae) by Dacus (Bactrocera) opiliae Drew & Hardy, with notes on some other species.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Host Phenology ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Host Relations

A newly discovered species of tephritid, Dacus (Bactrocera) opiliae Drew & Hardy, is almost indistinguishable morphologically from the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis. and was originally believed to represent an invading population of that species. Breeding by D. opiliae is virtually restricted to the fruit of the native vine Opilia amentacea throughout coastal areas of the Northern Territory and the Kimberleys region of Western Australia. The phenology of the host and aspects of its utilization by D. opiliae are described. Fruit suitable for oviposition is available only for a short period each year from late November to early January. It is shown that D, opiliae is effectively univoltine. Although it was able to infest various cultivated fruits in the laboratory, no evidence of such infestations by natural populations of D. opiliae was recorded during this study and the species seem to present no threat to Australia's fruit-growing industries. Information on host relations of D. jarvisi (Tryon), D. aquilonis (May) and D. tenuifascia (May) is also presented.

Organization of pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases in Russia and abroad as a factor in ensuring access to justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Vilkova
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right

The article shows the main models of building pre-trial proceedings in the Russian Federation and foreign countries, analyzes the provision of access to justice in each of the models. A number of measures have been proposed to build pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases that effectively ensure access to justice, including abandoning the stage of initiating a criminal case and keeping a countdown of the preliminary investigation from the moment of registration of a crime report, conducting pre-trial cognitive activity (investigation) under the guidance of a prosecutor, and bringing charges by the prosecutor.based on the results of the investigation, granting participants who are not vested with authority the right to apply to the court to deposit evidence and to assist the court in protecting their interests in connection with the refusal of the preliminary investigation body to satisfy motions related to the process of proving, the introduction of effective simplified and accelerated procedures in pre-trial proceedings, the establishment of digital interaction between government agencies and the population through a single secure digital online platform; creation of a mechanism for filing reports of crime through a special online service integrated into the specified digital platform.

scholarly journals Detection of high levels of congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in natural urban populations of Mus domesticus

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. MARSHALL ◽  
J. M. HUGHES ◽  
R. H. WILLIAMS ◽  
J. E. SMITH ◽  
R. G. MURPHY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Mus Domesticus ◽  
Congenital Transmission ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Sag1 Gene

The relative importance of different transmission routes of Toxoplasma gondii has been a matter for debate. This ubiquitous parasite is generally thought to be transmitted by infective oocysts excreted by the definitive host, the cat. Ingestion of undercooked meat has also been considered an important route of transmission in many mammals while congenital transmission has generally been considered relatively rare. Experimental studies demonstrate the ability of T. gondii to be transmitted congenitally, but few studies have investigated the frequency of this transmission route in natural populations. We use PCR amplification of the SAG1 gene to investigate the frequency of congenital transmission in a wild population of mice (Mus domesticus) and show that congenital transmission is occurring in 75% of pregnancies in this population. Furthermore, for infected pregnant mice, transmission occurs to at least one foetus in 100% of cases while variable penetrance of congenital infection is observed. These high levels of congenital transmission in this wild population of mice, taken together with other recent data on congenital transmission in sheep, suggests that this phenomenon might be more widespread than previously thought.

scholarly journals The genetic architecture of helminth-specific immune responses in a wild population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sparks ◽  
K. Watt ◽  
R. Sinclair ◽  
J. G. Pilkington ◽  
J. M. Pemberton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Soay Sheep ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Immune Traits ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractHost-parasite interactions are powerful drivers of evolutionary and ecological dynamics in natural populations. Variation in immune responses to infection is likely to shape the outcome of these interactions, with important consequences for the fitness of both host and parasite. However, little is known about how genetic variation contributes to variation in immune responses under natural conditions. Here, we examine the genetic architecture of variation in immune traits in the Soay sheep of St Kilda, an unmanaged population of sheep infected with strongyle gastrointestinal nematodes. We assayed IgA, IgE and IgG antibodies against the prevalent nematodeTeladorsagia circumcinctain the blood plasma of > 3,000 sheep collected over 26 years. Antibody levels were significantly heritable, ranging from 0.21 to 0.39 in lambs and from 0.23 to 0.57 in adults. IgA levels were strongly associated with a region on chromosome 24 explaining 21.1% and 24.5% of heritable variation in lambs and adults, respectively; this region was adjacent to two candidate loci, the Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Transactivator (CIITA) and C-Type Lectin Domain Containing 16A (CLEC16A). Lamb IgA levels were also associated with the immunoglobulin heavy constant loci (IGH) complex on chromosome 18. Adult IgE levels and lamb IgG levels were associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 20. This study provides evidence of high heritability of a complex immunological trait under natural conditions and provides the first evidence from a genome-wide study that large effect genes located outside the MHC region exist for immune traits in the wild.Author summaryHost-parasite interactions are powerful drivers of evolutionary and ecological dynamics in natural populations. Variation in immune responses to infection shapes the outcome of these interactions, with important consequences for the ability of the host and parasite to survive and reproduce. However, little is known about how much genes contribute to variation in immune responses under natural conditions. Our study investigates the genetic architecture of variation in three antibody types, IgA, IgE and IgG in a wild population of Soay sheep on the St Kilda archipelago in North-West Scotland. Using data collected over 26 years, we show that antibody levels have a heritable basis in lambs and adults and are stable over lifetime of individuals. We also identify several genomic regions with large effects on immune responses. Our study offers the first insights into the genetic control of immunity in a wild population, which is essential to understand how immune profiles vary in challenging natural conditions and how natural selection maintains genetic variation in complex immune traits.

scholarly journals Assessment of the scale of business transnationalization and the system of foreign economic activity support in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Марина Ткаченко ◽  
Marina Tkachenko ◽  
Наталья Бударина ◽  
Natal'ya Budarina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Moment

The article assesses the scale of foreign direct investment of Chinese companies in foreign markets, including Russia. It is established that the strategy of "going abroad" at the moment has impressive results, and China's investment activity will only increase, even despite the opposition from foreign countries and the presence of problems with the support of potential foreign investors in China itself. A special role in the implementation of this strategy should play a systematic support for exports, which is an important component of China's foreign economic policy

Problems and conflicts of the intelligence and criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Bakhyt M. Nurgaliyev ◽  
Gulnara M. Rysmagambetova ◽  
Kanat S. Lackbayev ◽  
Aset A. Shulanbayev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Criminal Intelligence ◽  
System A ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the paper is to investigate the conflicts that arose in the legislative and law enforcement practice of Kazakhstan subsequent to radical reform of the criminal procedure system. A new Criminal Procedure Code contains a number of fundamental changes that are based on the experience of developed foreign countries. Many aspects of the activities of law enforcement agencies were changed. At the same time, along with a positive effect, law enforcement practice revealed problems and conflicts of law that negatively affected the criminal justice of Kazakhstan. One of the problems is that the moment of the transition from criminal intelligence to the pretrial investigation remains unsettled. This applies to the crite-ria for evaluating intelligence containing information on the signs of a criminal of-fense. On the basis of the analysis of scientific provisions and law enforcement practice, the authors have made proposals to address these problems and conflicts. Conflicts in the field of protecting the rights and freedoms of the individual in the implementation of criminal intelligence were identified.

Risk Management: An International Perspective

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Adventure Programming ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Policies And Practices

If an organization had a catastrophic incident in a foreign country where one or several participants were seriously hurt or had died, would the organization know what to do? What should have been done to reduce the chance of such an incident? What should be done at the moment of the incident? What steps must be taken after the immediate crisis is over? This article focuses on the unique risks and safety challenges of conducting adventure programming in foreign countries. It attempts to examine a few of the policies and practices that might be considered as programs operate internationally.

scholarly journals Selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and evaluation of its fruits usability as biologically valuable food

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evica Mratinic ◽  
Milica Fotiric
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Colored Matter ◽  
Selection Of

To carry out domestication, five genotypes (B1, B2, R, VG and RK) were isolated from natural populations by selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The most prominent biological-technological characteristics were studied during fruit flowering and ripening. Flowering proceeded in the period from mid-April to the 1st decade of June, while ripening lasted from the 1st decade of August to the 1st decade of October. The largest inflorescences were found in genotype R (14.32 cm in diameter). The highest number of berries per inflorescence (on average, 280), the largest berry (on average, 0.21 g), and the best fruit quality (17.19% dry matter, 11.50% sugars, 35 mg vitamin C, and 2.58 g/l total colored matter) were all demonstrated by genotype VG. In all isolated genotypes fruit demonstrated biologically high quality, which makes it a good raw material desirable for diverse forms of processing. Its high yield level, pronounced resistance to disease agents and pests, as well as adaptability to adverse conditions are a recommendation for organic-based production.

scholarly journals Experience of Investment Activity in the Railway System of the Republic of Uzbekistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12651-12654
Keyword(s):  
Investment Activity ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment

This article discusses the investment activities of the leading countries of the world. The main distinctive features of the investment activity of the railway industry in foreign countries, including China, Russia, USA, UK and Ukraine, are given. Displays the opinions of well-known experts and economists who have studied the investment activities in the railway industry for years. The experience of the investment activity of the railway industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan using the information resource of JSC «Uzbekistan Railways» has been performed. According to JSC «Uzbekistan Railways», investments in the railway industry in 2018 decreased significantly distinctive to 2017. Attracted investments should receive a technical, financial and economic justification for each project to have a financial recoupment and economic return. To this end, it is necessary to increase the volume of intensive investments and innovations implemented in the railway industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It should be noted that after adding coal production to the structure of railways, the responsibility of JSC «Uzbekistan Railways» to the state and the population increased several times. SWOT experiment of the activities of the railway industry of the country. In certain areas of the railway identified specific problems to solve. At the moment, some issues are not solved in the railway itself and beyond. For example, tariffs for domestic freight and passenger transportation are controlled by the Ministry of Finance, service levels mainly depend on the operation of railways in other countries, most of the problems are external and therefore difficult to solve. In this regard, it is necessary to solve the problems listed below and give even more impetus to the railway system. Having studied the problems of the industry, the conclusions and recommendations for improving the investment activity of the railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan are given.

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