MASS MIGRATION - THE FASTEST GROWING CHALLENGE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CROATIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Knežević ◽  
◽  
Anita Kulaš Mirosavljević ◽  
Lena Duspara ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mass Migration

Free Cross-Border Movement, Lucifer’s Effect and National Security of the Visegrad Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (32) ◽  
pp. 37-63
Author(s):  
Petr Rožňák
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Asian People ◽  
Political Persecution ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Since 2015, the migration crisis continues with varying intensity, and international security crisis as well as debt, institutional, and personnel crises are worsening, not only in the Eurozone. Probably war, economic and climate immigrants will continue to move into the Schengen area, showing how helpless the European Union is. Angela Merkel said there was no upper limit for the number of people admitted to escape political persecution. Germany leaves the Dublin system inconsistently, runs counter to European cohesion and stops differentiating between immigrants and refugees. Migration is shared by the EU Member States. Between “old” and “new” EU countries, scissors are opened. Moreover, in some European regions (France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Spain, Greece) there are closed communities where majority law is not valid. Our current socio-political and economic existence is based on a traditional understanding of security. However, in the third decade of the 21st century the image of prosperity and security is to be seen from a different perspective than in previous years. Dramatic development has led to the mass migration of African and Asian people and to the division of the European Union, especially regarding the mechanism of redistribution of asylum seekers.

scholarly journals Introducing strategic environmental assessment in Serbia with special reference to the European Union directive and infrastructure corridors

Spatium ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Tijana Crncevic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Strategic Environmental Assessment ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
The Eu

In July 2001, the European Union (EU) adopted the Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 27 June 2001 on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Plans and Programmes on the Environment, known as the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive. The EU countries will have three years, until July 2004, for the integration of the SEA Directive into national laws. The SEA Directive introduces procedural and technical requirements, according to which environmental assessment is compulsory for certain plans and programs but not for policies, except if they are a part of a plan, as well for plans and programs of national defence, civil emergencies, finance and budgets. According to the scope of the SEA Directive, environmental assessment is compulsory for plans and programs for infrastructure corridors ? transport, telecommunication and energy systems. In addition to the overview of the general framework for Strategic Environmental Assessment and the main requirements of the SEA Directive, the current situation in Serbia regarding the present condition of SEA is presented with special reference to the infrastructure corridors. One of the conclusions of this paper is that the main limitation for the implementation of SEA for plans and programs covering infrastructure corridors is the current legal situation. The main law which is supposed to introduce SEA has not been adopted yet, while the scope of the SEA within the new Planning and Construction Act includes SEA only for urban plans and does not cover, among others, plans for infrastructure corridors.

scholarly journals A review of the pre and post COVID–19 State aid rules in the area of R&D&I

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-116
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The European Union

This contribution aims to bring clarity about the existing R&D&I State aid rules, being focused on R&D&I tax incentives as a form of State aid. Even if they may fall into the scope of art. 107(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), a justification for their compatibility with the internal market can be found on art. 107(3) TFEU. Thus, the author explores both the GBER and the R&D&I Framework to determine the criteria for the compatibility of R&D&I tax incentives. Finally, as the Commission has approved temporary State aid rules for R&D related to COVID–19, a special reference to the temporary measures and its relationship with the existing State aid rules in the area of R&D&I will be made.

FACTORS OF MIGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES DURING THE 2015-2016 CRISIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ryazantsev ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Rusu ◽  
Viktoriya A. Medved ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Donor States

The article examines the key socio-economic aspects of the migration crisis and highlights the main causes of mass migration to the European Union from Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The main characteristic of the economic situation in these countries is given and the significant problems faced by the donor States of migrants in the last few years are studied. Among the problems highlighted: high population growth rates, pressure on the environment by residents of Africa and the Middle East, limited access to resources, food and fresh water; the problem of unemployment; the problem of poverty and social inequality; high competition in the labor market; low salaries; difficult economic situation and problems in the financial sector. It is noted that these problem were the main cause of mass migration to Europe. Based on a detailed study of official statistics, special attention is paid to the level of unemployment and poverty, GDP level, the population growth rate, as well as the level of wages in Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. These indicators are compared to indicators in the countries of Eastern Europe. Their analysis shows that the standards of living in these regions is below average, that is why residents are forced to leave these countries for the European Union in search of a better life for themselves and their relatives. Among the countries that are of the greatest interest to migrants are: Germany, Great Britain, Ireland and so on.

Migration – a Significant Social Security Concern for the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (29) ◽  
pp. 22-63
Author(s):  
Jozef Matis ◽  
Lenka Nagyová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Security Concern

The article presents the view of migration seen as a serious global problem of the 21st century that must be seriously considered by the European Union. Particularly, uncontrolled mass migration is conceived as a global problem because it affects all areas of life of every society – political, economic and cultural. The article highlights the main causes of mass migration: poverty and its deepening in the world, and the war. These phenomena are briefly described and analysed in the first part of the article. The second part is concerned with the description and analysis of the possible consequences of uncontrolled mass migration for the European Union. Radicalism, extremism and terrorism were defined as the most serious consequences of uncontrolled mass migration in the article. Despite the fact that migration is conceived as an important social and security issue, it is also defined as an important factor of the current European integration. At the end of the article it is concluded that if migration is not conceived as an important social and security issue which needs to be addressed, it can result in such phenomena as radicalism, extremism and terrorism in the European Union.

Migration as a Threat to International Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (32) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Izabela Szkurłat
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
European Immigration

The article presents migration as a threat to international security in the 21st century. The first part presents the problem of people migrating to Europe, including third-country nationals. It is shown that uncontrolled mass migration has forced European countries to provide budget, shelter and counselling for migrants. Furthermore, there were many cases when migration met with disapproval of indigenous people and fear of the impossibility of integrating different cultures and customs. European Union has introduced financial tools to support member countries in financing migration-related problems including the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund; and the Internal Security Fund. The article also mentions the European immigration policy adopted in 1999. The second part of the article refers to negative effects of migration: trafficking in human beings and forced labour. It is shown that they are widely practiced. To eliminate illegal activities, actions, which the author describes, are being taken within Europe. Polish people have also experienced trafficking in human beings and forced labour abroad. Such crimes have been reported within Poland as well. Finally the author states that the security of the European Union is threatened not only by external migrants, but also by citizens who migrate internally.

The Undesirability of Soft Law

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
The European Union

AbstractThis article investigates some of the drawbacks of the notion of soft law, with special reference to the European Union context. The author argues that soft law, useful as it may seem at first sight, is conceptually awkward, and in particular when emanating from administrative authorities may give rise to some undesirable consequences.

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