Incorporating a Safety Index into Pathfinding

2017 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoxiang He ◽  
Xiao Qin
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Deceleration Rate ◽  
Route Safety

Travelers around the world are concerned with choosing not only the quickest route from one point to another but also the safest route. Traffic safety has always been a major public concern, and traffic safety performance should be constantly evaluated so that both reactive and proactive countermeasures can help reduce crashes. This study developed a methodology for incorporating safety aspects into travelers’ pathfinding process. The safe pathfinding process included two main parts: a route-specific safety hazard index and a route-finding algorithm that considered both travel time and safety. The ratio of the deceleration rate to avoid a crash to the maximum available deceleration rate was chosen as the proxy for traffic safety. The safety hazard index was formulated by using the collision mechanism along the roadway segment and at the intersection. Motorist-specific information (e.g., vehicle type, age, pavement condition) was also included in the safety index model so that a traveler’s individual needs could be considered. The pathfinding algorithm, which combined mobility and safety, had three objectives: shorter travel time, lower route safety hazard index, and avoidance of sites with the highest safety hazard index along the route. The methodology was applied in a real-world street network to demonstrate its use and prove the concept of finding a safe path.

scholarly journals Road Hazard Assessment Using Pothole and Traffic Data in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Choong Heon Yang ◽  
Jin Guk Kim ◽  
Sung Pil Shin
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Damage Data

Road surface conditions have a direct effect on the quality of driving, which in turn affects overall traffic flow. Many studies have been conducted to accurately identify road surface conditions using diverse technologies. However, these previously proposed methods may still be insufficient to estimate actual risks along the roads because the exact road risk levels cannot be determined from only road surface damage data. The actual risk level of the road must be derived by considering both the road surface damage data as well as other factors such as speed. In this study, the road hazard index is proposed using smartphone-obtained pothole and traffic data to represent the level of risk due to road surface conditions. The relevant algorithm and its operating system are developed to produce the estimated index values that are classified into four levels of road risk. This road hazard index can assist road agencies in establishing road maintenance plans and budgets and will allow drivers to minimize the risk of accidents by adjusting their driving speeds in advance of dangerous road conditions. To demonstrate the proposed risk hazard assessment methodology, road hazards were assessed along specific test road sections based on observed pothole and historical travel speed data. It was found that the proposed methodology provides a rational method for improving traffic safety.

scholarly journals STUDI KERUSAKAN JALAN DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR SETEMPAT (STUDI KASUS RUAS JALAN BLANGKEJEREN – LAWE AUNAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Muhammad Isya ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pavement Condition Index ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan road conditions overall is on the slopes of the mountains which is strongly influenced by local environmental factors such as drainage, topography, soil conditions, material conditions and vehicle load conditions across the road. It should be noted in order to avoid a decrease in the road quality due to road surface damage that can affect the traffic safety, comfort and smoothness.. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evaluation of the condition of the damaged road surface and the local factors that affect the damage in order to avoid a decrease in the roads quality. This study took place on Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan roads started from Sta. 529 + 700 - Sta. 535 + 206. Generally, the condition of roads in this segment were found damage that disturb the comfort, smoothness and safety of the roads users. In this study, the primary data obtained by actual surveys in the form of data field length, width, area, and depth of each type of damage as well as local factors that lead to such damage. Actual field surveys conducted along the 5.506 km, with the distance interval of each segment is 100 m. The secondary data obtained from the relevant institutions and other materials related to this research. This study analyzed the PCI method (Pavement Condition Index) to obtain the level of damage in order to know how to handle, while for the identification of the damage done by observation factors descriptively appropriate observation in the field such as the number of damage points. The results of this study found that the type of damage caused to roads is damage to the cover layer, a hole, and curly. This type of damage that commonly occurs on the road Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan is damage to the edges with a percentage of 87.30%. The local factors that greatly affect drainage on the percentage of damage is 62.00%. PCI average value is 13.47 which indicates a very bad condition (very poor) and requires maintenance or improvement of reconstruction.Abstrak: Kondisi jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan secara keseluruhan berada di lereng pegunungan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan setempat seperti drainase, topografi, kondisi tanah, kondisi material dan kondisi beban kendaraan yang melintasi jalan tersebut. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan akibat kerusakan permukaan jalan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keamanan, kenyamanan, dan kelancaran dalam berlalu lintas. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian evaluasi terhadap kondisi permukaan jalan yang mengalami kerusakan serta faktor setempat yang mempengaruhi kerusakan tersebut agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di ruas jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan yang dimulai dari Sta. 529+700 - Sta. 535+206. Umumnya kondisi ruas jalan pada segmen ini banyak ditemukan kerusakan-kerusakan yang dapat mengganggu kenyamanan, kelancaran, dan keamanan pengguna jalan. Dalam penelitian ini data primer diperoleh dengan melakukan survei aktual lapangan yaitu berupa data panjang, lebar, luasan, dan kedalaman tiap jenis kerusakan serta faktor setempat yang mengakibatkan kerusakan tersebut. Survei aktual lapangan dilakukan sepanjang 5,506 km, dengan jarak interval setiap segmen adalah 100 m. Adapun data sekunder diperoleh dari lembaga terkait dan bahan lainnya yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan metode PCI (Pavement Condition Index) untuk mendapatkan tingkat kerusakan agar diketahui cara penanganannya, sedangkan untuk identifikasi faktor kerusakannya dilakukan dengan pengamatan secara diskriptif sesuai hasil pengamatan di lapangan berupa jumlah titik kerusakan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa jenis kerusakan yang terjadi pada ruas jalan adalah kerusakan lapisan penutup, lubang, dan keriting. Jenis kerusakan yang umum terjadi pada ruas jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan adalah kerusakan tepi dengan persentase 87,30 %. Faktor setempat yang sangat mempengaruhi kerusakan adalah drainase dengan persentase 62,00%. Nilai PCI rata-rata yaitu 13,47 yang menunjukkan kondisi sangat buruk (very poor) dan memerlukan pemeliharaan peningkatan atau rekonstruksi.

Assessing Inherent Health Hazard for Proposed Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mimi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Process ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Environmental Hazard ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Process Route ◽  
Selection Of

Pada peringkat awal reka bentuk loji kimia, keputusan paling penting dan kritikal yang perlu dibuat adalah ketika pemilihan proses kimia yang bakal digunakan untuk penghasilan produk yang dikehendaki. Sebelum ini, ekonomi merupakan faktor yang diberi keutamaan dalam pemilihan proses kimia yang terbaik. Sebaliknya kini, faktor kesihatan, keselamatan serta alam sekitar merupakan isu penting yang menjadi tumpuan dan amat dititikberatkan dalam pengoperasian sesebuah loji. Risiko ke atas kesihatan para pekerja di kawasan loji berikutan terdedah kepada bahan–bahan kimia di tempat kerja dapat dikurangkan melalui pemilihan proses kimia yang betul. Proses yang paling ‘sihat’ dapat dikenal pasti dengan menjumlahkan ancaman ke atas kesihatan manusia. Dalam projek ini, PRHI telah diperkenalkan untuk menjangka potensi ancaman proses kimia ke atas kesihatan pekerja. Proses alternatif yang wujud bagi menghasilkan produk yang sama akan disusun berdasarkan tahap kesihatan yang dihasilkan oleh setiap proses. Lebih tinggi nilai indeks yang diperolehi, maka lebih berbahayalah sesuatu proses itu. Nilai PRHI dikira berdasarkan pelepasan bahan kimia serta kuantiti bahan kimia yang dihidu oleh pekerja. Indeks yang telah dibangunkan dalam projek ini diaplikasikan ke atas enam proses kimia alternatif yang wujud bagi menghasilkan metil metakrilat (MMA). Keputusan bagi pengiraan PRHI ini kemudiannya dibandingkan dengan Inherent Safety Index (ISI), Environmental Hazard Index serta kos penghasilan produk bagi kesemua enam proses alternatif. Kata kunci: ISHE, teknik penilaian keselamatan loji Proper selection of chemical process route is one of the main design decisions during the preliminary stages of chemical plant design. Previously, the most important factor for selecting the best chemical process route was only the economics. But now, safety, environmental and health issues have become important factors to be considered. Health risks on workers could also be reduced by proper selection of chemical process route. However, the health hazards needed to be quantified in order to choose the ‘healthiest’ route. Process Route Healthiness Index (PRHI) has been developed to foresee the potential health hazards from chemical processes. PRHIP ranks process routes in terms of their occupational healthiness. The higher the index, the higher is the hazard. PRHI is influenced by the health impact due to chemical releases and the concentration of airborne chemicals inhaled by workers. In this article, PRHI has been applied on six alternative routes for Methyl Methacrylate (MMA). The results of the ranking was compared to the Inherent Safety Index, Environmental Hazard Index and production costs for the six alternative chemical process routes. Key words: Occupational health hazard, assessment method, ISHE, ranking index

scholarly journals Traffic safety management based on integrated assessment of safety level

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Philipp Sukhov ◽  
Vladimir Popov ◽  
Viktor Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
The Russian Federation

The volumes of freight and passenger traffic on the railways of the Russian Federation are increasing every year. Along with the increase in the transportation work, the likelihood of occurrence of undesirable incidents in railway transport increases. The assessment of the level of comprehensive (integrated) safety is an important scientific and technical problem in the current conditions of the functioning of railway transport. The methods used to assess the level of safety do not always meet the requirements of complexity in view of comparison of various-scale violations of traffic safety (crash, accident, faulty operation). The paper proposes a mathematical method for assessing the level of integrated safety in railway transport and calculation of the safety index of train traffic. For the calculation, statistical data for a certain period are used. These data summarized in a specialized dictionary of traffic safety violations, the mathematical treatment of which provides information on the level of integrated safety in railway transport in the Russian Federation. The proposed index allows determining the effectiveness of management decisions in the field of train traffic safety, as well as assessing the effectiveness of implementing certain innovations in the field of traffic safety. It is possible to use data on integrated traffic safety to reduce insurance premiums for cargo insurance on railways.

National Traffic Safety Index

2009 ◽  
Vol 2137 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Young-Jun Kweon ◽  
Kwang Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Index

Inherent Safety Aspects for Layout Design of a Floating LNG Facility

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiwei Xin ◽  
Salim Ahmed ◽  
Faisal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Index ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Optimal Layout ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Compact Design

This article outlines the aspects of inherent safety for the topside layout design of a floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility. An FLNG plant requires a compact design; meanwhile, it needs the safest layout to tackle multi-dimensional safety issues. Thus, the layout of the facility is a paramount factor for ensuring its safety in a cost effective way. Three layouts are proposed and evaluated from the inherent safety perspective. The layout of the process area is mainly focused due to its higher risks. Integrated inherent safety index, cost index and domino hazard index are used to evaluate the three layouts in quantitative terms. An optimal layout is finally chosen based on both inherent safety and cost performance.

scholarly journals A Novel Surrogate Safety Indicator Based on Constant Initial Acceleration and Reaction Time Assumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Fazekas ◽  
Friederike Hennecke ◽  
Eszter Kalló ◽  
Markus Oeser
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Safety Indicator ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Deceleration Rate ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Initial Acceleration

The development of surrogate safety measures has drawn significant research interest in the field of traffic safety analysis. Innovative data sources such as video-based traffic surveillance systems have made it possible to collect large amounts of microscopic traffic data. By deriving traffic safety indicators such as the Deceleration Rate to Avoid a Crash (DRAC) statements concerning traffic safety over a determined road section can be made. This work presents the derivation of a novel surrogate safety indicator based on a Constant Initial Acceleration and reaction time assumption which considers the interaction between vehicles and describes the traffic safety of a road section. The evaluation is based on a video-based microscopic traffic data collection. To examine the efficiency, the new developed indicator is compared to the original Deceleration Rate to Avoid a Crash (DRAC) and the modified indicator (MDRAC) which includes the reaction time. The results showed that the new indicator is more sensitive in detecting critical situations than the other indicators and in addition describes the conflict situations more realistically.

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