Impact of Concrete Pavement Structural Response on Rolling Resistance and Vehicle Fuel Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2640 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Balzarini ◽  
Imen Zaabar ◽  
Karim Chatti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Moving Load ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Wheel Loading

Reduction in vehicle fuel consumption is one of the main benefits considered in technical and economic evaluations of road improvements. The study described in this paper investigated the increase in vehicle energy consumption caused by the structural response of a concrete pavement to a moving load. First, the day and night falling weight deflectometer deflection time histories were measured for three concrete sections; their mechanical characteristics were then backcalculated. Second, a finite element model (DYNASLAB) was used to determine the pavement structural response under moving load for all three sections under different wheel loading conditions (passenger car, SUV, and articulated truck), vehicle speeds, and temperatures. As the rolling wheels move forward, the local deflection basin caused by the delayed deformation of the subgrade and the rotation of the slab form a positive slope. The energy dissipated was calculated as the energy required for a rolling wheel to move uphill. Finally, the calorific values of gasoline and diesel were used to convert energy into fuel consumption excess. The maximum deflection-induced energy consumption is about 0.08% of the total consumption for articulated trucks, which is small compared with 1.9% for asphalt pavements at high temperatures and low speeds, as reported by other studies.

scholarly journals Developments in tyre design for lower rolling resistance: A state of the art review

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (14) ◽  
pp. 1865-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad Sarhan Aldhufairi ◽  
Oluremi Ayotunde Olatunbosun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Design Research ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Vehicle

Future sustainability of road transportation will require substantial improvement in the efficient use of energy by road vehicles. As new technologies being deployed reduce total vehicle energy consumption, the contribution of tyre rolling resistance to total energy consumption continues to increase. For this reason tyre rolling-resistance is starting to drive the focus of many tyre developments nowadays. This is because the rolling-resistance can be responsible for 20–30% of the total vehicle fuel consumption. Thus, lowering the rolling-resistance would help to reduce the fuel consumption (i.e. CO2, NOx and hydrocarbon emissions) and hence improve the environment greatly given the large number of vehicles used globally. It is found that the primary source of the rolling-resistance is the tyre deformational behaviour (i.e. hysteresis damping) which can account for 80–95% of the total rolling-resistance. This paper reviews the state of the art in tyre design, research and development for lower rolling-resistance, with focus on the primary source for the rolling-resistance (i.e. mechanical hysteresis damping), from three perspectives: the structural lay-up; the dimensional features; and the materials compound(s) of the tyre.

scholarly journals Preliminary design of aeroelastically tailored wing box structures with bend-twist coupling

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Mihai Mihaila-Andres ◽  
Paul-Virgil Rosu ◽  
Ciprian Larco ◽  
Maria Demsa ◽  
Lucian Constantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Wing Model ◽  
Box Structures ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Composite Wing

Nowadays the composite materials have become the materials of choice to be used in the new aerospace structures that need to be not only larger and larger in size but also to be better performing in terms of aeroelastic responses inherent to thin-walled, slender structures. The advantage of composite materials airframes stems from their low structural weight which determines lower fuel consumption while preserving at the same time the airworthiness of the designed aircraft. But more important than the fuel consumption, the composite materials allow for the optimal tailoring of its layers in terms of specific design objectives. The paper presents such an aeroelastically tailored load carrying wing model which can passively control specific aeroelastic effects. The article focuses on the bend-twist coupling of the structural response to aerodynamic forces and on the parameter estimation/model updating techniques used to characterize the finite element model of the composite wing. Results are compared and validated with analytical, numerical and experimental data available in published literature.

Factors influencing the energy consumption of road freight transport

2010 ◽  
Vol 224 (9) ◽  
pp. 1995-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M C Odhams ◽  
R L Roebuck ◽  
Y J Lee ◽  
S W Hunt ◽  
D Cebon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Articulated Vehicles

Key factors that influence the energy consumption of heavy goods vehicles are investigated. These factors include engine efficiency, aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance, vehicle configuration (number of vehicle units), traffic congestion, speed, payload factors, and the use of regenerative braking. An accurate, validated model of the fuel consumption of a 38 tonne tractor-semitrailer vehicle is used as a basis to derive fuel consumption models of a number of other vehicle configurations. These models included a rigid four-axle truck with maximum gross vehicle mass (GVM) of 26 tonnes; a six-axle tractor semitrailer with GVM of 44 tonnes, with and without regenerative braking; a ‘B-double’ with GVM of 60 tonnes; and an ‘A-double’ with GVM of 82 tonnes. These vehicle models were driven over a simple hypothetical drive cycle with a fixed maximum speed and varying numbers of stops in a 10 km stretch of road. It is concluded that: (a) improving engine efficiency, unladen mass, rolling resistance, and aerodynamic drag can yield relatively small improvements in fuel consumption, compared with other factors; (b) larger vehicles are always significantly more energy-efficient than smaller ones when fully loaded; (c) transferring freight from articulated vehicles to smaller rigid vehicles for urban deliveries typically increases fuel consumption by approximately 35 per cent; (d) running vehicles partially loaded can increase the energy per unit freight task by up to 65 per cent; and (e) under urban start—stop conditions, the use of regenerative braking systems can reduce heavy vehicle fuel consumption by 25–35 per cent.

Rolling Resistance Calculation Procedure Using the Finite Element Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-248
Author(s):  
Pablo N. Zitelli ◽  
Gabriel N. Curtosi ◽  
Jorge Kuster
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Account Temperature

ABSTRACT Tire engineers are interested in predicting rolling resistance using tools such as numerical simulation and tests. When a car is driven along, its tires are subjected to repeated deformation, leading to energy dissipation as heat. Each point of a loaded tire is deformed as the tire completes a revolution. Most energy dissipation comes from the cyclic loading of the tire, which causes the rolling resistance in addition to the friction force in the contact patch between the tire and road. Rolling resistance mainly depends on the dissipation of viscoelastic energy of the rubber materials used to manufacture the tires. To obtain a good rolling resistance, the calculation method of the tire finite element model must take into account temperature changes. It is mandatory to calibrate all of the rubber compounds of the tire at different temperatures and strain frequencies. Linear viscoelasticity is used to model the materials properties and is found to be a suitable approach to tackle energy dissipation due to hysteresis for rolling resistance calculation.

Light-Weight Tire Concept

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
F. Lux ◽  
H. Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Lower Fuel Consumption ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tire Production

Abstract Current demands by the consumer, the automobile industry, and the environment have determined the basis of this investigation. In the past, the requirements—ever faster, ever sportier—were accepted as decisive parameters for the development of our study. In the future, rational and safety-related tire characteristics as well as environmental consciousness will increase, whereas purely performance-related parameters will diminish in their importance. Through our light-weight tire project, we have paved the way for future tire generations. The first priority is the minimal use of material resources; this means a reduction of materials and energy in tire production by using advanced design and production methods without sacrificing performance standards. This benefits the consumer—the final judge of all of our activities—by considerably reducing the rolling resistance, leading to lower fuel consumption. Further design targets include the improvement of rolling behavior and increased comfort by reducing tire weight, and therefore a reduction in unsprung masses on the vehicle.

MODELING OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF A TRANSPORT TUNNEL UNDER LOAD AS A MEASURE TO REDUCE OPERATIONAL RISKS TO TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
N. V. IVANITSKAYA ◽  
◽  
A. K. BAYBULOV ◽  
M. V. SAFRONCHUK ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Moving Load ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Surface Load ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Von Mises

In many countries economic policy has been paying increasing attention to the modernization and development of transport infrastructure as a measure of macroeconomic stimulation. Tunnels as an important component of transport infrastructure save a lot of logistical costs. It stimulates increasing freight and passenger traffic as well as the risks of the consequences of unforeseen overloads. The objective of the paper is to suggest the way to reduce operational risks of unforeseen moving load by modeling of the stress-strain state of a transport tunnel under growing load for different conditions and geophysical parameters. The article presents the results of a study of the stress-strain state (SSS) of a transport tunnel exposed to a mobile surface load. Numerical experiments carried out in the ANSYS software package made it possible to obtain diagrams showing the distribution of equivalent stresses (von Mises – stresses) according to the finite element model of the tunnel. The research results give grounds to assert that from external factors the stress state of the tunnel is mainly influenced by the distance to the moving load. The results obtained make it possible to predict in advance the parameters of the stress-strain state in the near-contour area of the tunnel and use the results in the subsequent design of underground facilities, as well as to increase their reliability and operational safety. This investigation gives an opportunity not only to reduce operational risks at the design stage, but to choose an optimal balance between investigation costs and benefits of safety usage period prolongation.

scholarly journals TEG Design for Waste Heat Recovery at an Aviation Jet Engine Nozzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Ziolkowski ◽  
Knud Zabrocki ◽  
Eckhard Müller
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Element Model ◽  
System Level ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Te Modules ◽  
Te Material

Finite element model (FEM)-based simulations are conducted for the application of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) between the hot core stream and the cool bypass flow at the nozzle of an aviation turbofan engine. This work reports the resulting requirements on the TEG design with respect to applied thermoelectric (TE) element lengths and filling factors (F) of the TE modules in order to achieve a positive effect on the specific fuel consumption. Assuming a virtual optimized TE material and varying the convective heat transfer coefficients (HTC) between the nozzle surfaces and the gas flows, this work reports the achievable power output. System-level requirement on the gravimetric power density (>100 Wkg−1) can only be met for F ≤ 21%. When extrapolating TEG coverage to the full nozzle surface, the power output reaches 1.65 kW per engine. The assessment of further potential for power generation is demonstrated by a parametric study on F, convective HTC, and materials performance. This study confirms a feasible design range for TEG installation on the aircraft nozzle with a positive impact on the fuel consumption. This application translates into a reduction of operational costs, allowing for an economically efficient TEG-installation with respect to the cost-specific power output of modern thermoelectric materials.

Stress Analysis of Cement Concrete Pavement under Overweight Loads

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
Ya Ni Lu ◽  
Tao Li Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete Pavement

Special load has produced serious damage to the concrete pavement because of the great gross weight and heavy axle load, but the present specification has not mentioned this kind of load. On this occasion, Several conditions of critical load are identified through ANSYS finite element model analysis and the formula through statistical regression analysis to the bottom maximum tension stress is drawn up. Which can not only guide the concrete pavement design under the special load but also the result may be referred by the other kinds of engineering.

scholarly journals Soil Bio-Impact Effectiveness for the Optimal Multicriterial Environmental Sustainability in Crop Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Vilma Naujokienė ◽  
Daiva Rimkuvienė ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Soil Stability ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Multicriteria Assessment

Different bio-impacts affect the various properties and composition of soil, plant residues, harvests, and technological processes, as well as the interactions between different parts of the soil, working machine tools, energy consumption and environmental pollution with harmful gases. To summarize the wide-coverage investigations of various aspects of different bio-impact parameters, a multicriteria evaluation was conducted. Experimental research shows that different bioeffects such as those of agricultural practices can be oriented towards a reduction in fuel consumption, followed by reductions in CO2 emissions from machinery and changes in soil properties, dynamics of composition, yield and other parameters. A multicriteria assessment of the essential parameters would give farmers new opportunities to choose one optimal decision for reducing fuel consumption and increasing agricultural production, thereby reducing the negative environmental impact of soil cultivation processes, increasing yields and improving soil. Of all the properties investigated, from a practical point of view, the selection of the most important of all the essential links, such as reducing energy and expenditure, reducing environmental pollution, improving soil, and increasing yields and productivity, is reasonable. The evaluation of the bio-impact effects in agriculture by accounting for many criteria from several aspects was the main objective of the multicriteria assessment using the analytic hierarchy process. Based on the results of a multivariable research of fuel consumption—C1, C2, yield—C3, CO2 from soil—C4, density—C5, total porosity—C6, humus—C7, soil stability—C8, and soil moisture content—C9, the evaluation used experimental research data and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) mathematical method to find the best-case scenario. Multicriteria effectiveness was most pronounced after the first and third soil bio-impacts by using a solution of essential oils of plants, 40 species of various herbs extracts, marine algae extracts, mineral oils, Azospirillum sp. (N), Frateuria aurentia (K), Bacillus megaterium (P), seaweed extract. The most important goal was to achieve the best soil bio-impact effectiveness—minimized energy consumption from ploughing and disc harrowing operations, parallelly minimized harmful emissions from agricultural machinery, minimized CO2 from soil, soil density, maximized soil total porosity, soil humus, soil stability, yield and optimized soil moisture.

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