Development of a Modified Adhesion Test for Hot-Poured Asphalt Crack Sealants

2017 ◽  
Vol 2612 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sawalha ◽  
Hasan Ozer ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi ◽  
Hengxiao Xue
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Adhesion Failure ◽  
Prediction Test ◽  
Crack Sealant

Crack sealing is a maintenance technique commonly used for cracks and joints to prevent moisture infiltration into pavements. Crack sealing materials should possess adequate adhesive and cohesive properties to remain intact in the cracks or joints, depending on the environment and pavement conditions in which they are installed. Adhesion failure is the most common failure mechanism and occurs mostly because of the poor adhesion capacity of sealants as well as the installation quality. Various standard laboratory tests are currently used to evaluate the adhesive properties of sealants to predict their field performance. These tests, however, either lack correlation with the field performance or have not yet been validated. This paper introduces the development of an adhesive prediction test: the modified crack sealant adhesion tester (modified CSAT). The modified CSAT is an improved version of the existing CSAT standard (AASHTO TP 89) and showed consistent results between specimens with sufficient repeatability. In addition, the modified CSAT was successful in capturing the effect of temperature changes and aging on the adhesion capacity of sealants. The adhesion test results were compared with the performance of the same sealants installed at different test sites. The correlation between the adhesion loads obtained in the laboratory was consistent with the sealant field performance.

Field performance comparison of asphalt crack-filling materials: hot pour versus cold pour

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetkin Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Crack Sealant

One of the most important components of pavement maintenance has been the sealing of cracks. The most commonly used materials for crack sealing are hot-pour sealants, such as hot rubber asphalt. However, this material can be hazardous at high operating temperatures and is more likely to be picked up by vehicle tires if the sealant is not sufficiently adhered to the pavement. Thus, cold-pour sealants have been considered as an alternative for crack sealing purposes. This study aims to compare the performance of hot-pour rubber asphalt crack sealant and cold-pour asphalt emulsion crack sealant in five different Texas districts that experience different weather conditions. The comparison includes seven different crack sealants: three cold pour and four hot pour. Five different roads in five districts were selected for comparison of the sealants. The field study results indicate that hot-pour sealants performed better than cold-pour sealants.Key words: sealants, emulsified crack sealants, crack sealing, asphalt pavements.

Consideration of the temperature factor of atmospheric air when determining standard consumption of fuel and energy resources for train traction

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
K. M. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Specific Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Physical Laws

Abstract. Influence of air temperature on the consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER) on train traction is due to a number of physical laws. The extent of this effect is specified in the Rules for Traction Settlement (RTS). At the same time, when rationing FER consumption for train traction, a specialized methodical base is used, which involves a different approach to accounting for the effect of temperature on FER consumption for train traction. At the same time in different documents of this base, the effects of low temperature on the absolute and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources on train traction are taken into account in a different way, which is due to the lack of consensus among specialists on the way this factor is taken into account. Specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” carried out an analysis of a significant amount of driver’s routes data, results of which showed that the dependence of the specific flow rate on temperature, on the basis of which the corresponding influence coefficient is determined, needs to be periodically updated. In addition, when technically standardizing the consumption of fuel and energy resources (for the locomotive crew work site), the temperature effect coefficients need to be calculated for a specific work area and direction of motion on it, while using the average network coefficient values will lead to errors. When calculating additional flow of fuel and energy from the effect of temperature for electric multiple units (EMU), the equations of regression dependencies should be used, obtained by statistical processing of data on temperature changes and specific consumption of fuel and energy resources for EMU and determined for each series of EMU when working on a particular suburban area.

scholarly journals Laboratory Study of the Ultraviolet Radiation Effect on an HDPE Geomembrane

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Fernando Luiz Lavoie ◽  
Marcelo Kobelnik ◽  
Clever Aparecido Valentin ◽  
Érica Fernanda da Silva Tirelli ◽  
Maria de Lurdes Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ultraviolet Exposure ◽  
Brittle Behavior

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are polymeric geosynthetic materials usually applied as a liner in environmental facilities due to their good mechanical properties, good welding conditions, and excellent chemical resistance. A geomembrane’s field performance is affected by different conditions and exposures, including ultraviolet radiation, thermal and oxidative exposure, and chemical contact. This article presents an experimental study with a 1.0 mm-thick HDPE virgin geomembrane exposed by the Xenon arc weatherometer for 2160 h and the ultraviolet fluorescent weatherometer for 8760 h to understand the geomembrane’s behavior under ultraviolet exposure. The evaluation was performed using the melt flow index (MFI) test, oxidative-induction time (OIT) tests, tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The sample exposed in the Xenon arc equipment showed a tendency to increase the MFI values during the exposure time. This upward trend may indicate morphological changes in the polymer. The tensile behavior analysis showed a tendency of the sample to lose ductility, without showing brittle behavior. The samples’ OIT test results under both device exposures showed faster antioxidant depletion for the standard OIT test than the high-pressure OIT test. The DSC and FTIR analyses did not demonstrate the polymer’s changes.

Flow Behaviors of High Acyl Gellan Aqueous Solutions as Affected by Temperature, and Calcium and Gellan Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Huang ◽  
Pawan Singh Takhar ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Barry G Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Rheological behaviors of high acyl (HA) gellan are not well understood partially because of its relatively late commercialization compared to low acyl gellan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5-30 °C), calcium (0, 1 and 10 mM) and gellan concentrations (0.0044-0.1000% w/v) on the flow behaviors of high acyl gellan aqueous solutions using rheological tests. Gellan solutions with 0 or 1 mM added Ca++ exhibited shear thinning behavior at gellan concentrations above 0.0125%. The influence of temperature on apparent viscosity (shear rate, 100 s-1) of gellan solutions can be described with an Arrhenius relationship. The apparent viscosity of gellan solution at low concentrations was more sensitive to temperature changes. The addition of Ca++ led to a decrease in flow resistance for a dilute gellan solution (<0.0125%), but an increased resistance for a relatively concentrated gellan solution (>0.0125%).

Medium Density Particleboard with Addition of Impregnated Paper

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
Juliana Cortez Barbosa ◽  
Anderson Luiz da Silva Michelon ◽  
Elen Aparecida Martines Morales ◽  
Cristiane Inácio de Campos ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Layer Medium ◽  
Determine Moisture Content

The aim of this research was to produce three-layer Medium Density Particleboard (MDP), with the addition of impregnated paper, in the inner layer, in proportions of 1; 5 and 20%. In this study, MDP was composed with particles of small size in outer layers, and larger particles in internal layer. After panel manufacturing, physical and mechanical tests based on Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 14.810 were carried out to determine moisture content; density; thickness swelling; water absorption; modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in static bending and internal adhesion. Test results were compared to commercial panels, produced with 100% Eucalyptus, considering the requirements specified by Brazilian Code. Properties presented values close to normative specifications, indicating positively the possibility of production of MDP using addition of waste paper impregnated.

Selection and Use of Age Resistors in Rubber Compounds

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-687
Author(s):  
Richard A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Rapid Deterioration ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Abstract THE early development of the rubber industry was handicapped by two serious defects in rubber articles. They were not stable to temperature changes, and they deteriorated rapidly with age. Although the process of vulcanization corrected the first difficulty, rapid deterioration with age was common until the discovery of certain organic accelerators, such as p-aminodimethylaniline, the aldehydeamines, and mercaptobenzothiazole. Prior to these discoveries a number of materials had been patented for the purpose of improving the age-resisting properties of rubber, but many of them were of little merit and most of the others possessed some accelerating value, a fact which was not appreciated at the time. Typical of the more useful early patents for age-resisting materials are American patents by Murphy in 1870 (15), Moore in 1901 (14), and Martin in 1922 (12), and the German and English patents of the Ostwalds in 1908 and 1910 (19, 20). Murphy patented phenol, cresol, and cresylic acid, either added to the uncured stock or as dipping solutions for vulcanized articles for the purpose of improving their resistance to aging. Moore used reducing agents, including hydroquinone, pyrogallol, and p-aminophenol hydrochloride, to preserve the adhesive properties of rubber cements. Martin suggested aniline and other organic bases as a surface treatment for vulcanized articles. The Ostwalds also recognized the beneficial effects of aniline on rubber and stated that it could be added at any convenient stage of manufacture. (It is interesting to note that these inventors considered that addition of aniline to uncured stock or dipping the cured article in aniline were equivalent, and they, therefore, evidently did not recognize the accelerating effect of aniline.)

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Screening the ability of natural feed ingredients to interfere with the adherence of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) K88 to the porcine intestinal mucus

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma González-Ortiz ◽  
José Francisco Pérez ◽  
Rafael Gustavo Hermes ◽  
Francesc Molist ◽  
Rufino Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Recognition Process ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Water Extractable

The inhibition of the attachment of bacteria to the intestine by receptor analogues could be a novel approach to prevent enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) K88-induced diarrhoea in piglets. The objective of the present study was to screen the ability of different feed ingredients (FI) to bind to ETEC K88 (adhesion test, AT) and to block its attachment to the porcine intestinal mucus (blocking test, BT) usingin vitromicrotitration-based models. In the AT, wheat bran (WB), casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) and exopolysaccharides exhibited the highest adhesion to ETEC K88 (P< 0·001). In the BT, WB, CGMP and locust bean (LB) reduced the number of ETEC K88 attached to the intestinal mucus (P< 0·001). For WB and LB, fractionation based on their carbohydrate components was subsequently carried out, and each fraction was evaluated individually. None of the WB fractions reduced the adhesion of ETEC K88 to the mucus as did the original extract, suggesting that a protein or glycoprotein could be involved in the recognition process. With regard to the LB fractions, the water-extractable material reduced the adhesion of ETEC K88 (P< 0·001) to the mucus similar to the original extract (P< 0·001), indicating, in this case, that galactomannans or phenolic compounds could be responsible for the recognition process. In conclusion, among the FI screened, the soluble extracts obtained from WB, LB and CGMP exhibited the highest anti-adhesive properties against ETEC K88 in the BT. These results suggest that they may be good candidates to be included in diets of weaned piglets for the prevention of ETEC K88-induced diarrhoea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document