Design Gap Acceptance for Right-Turning Vehicles Based on Vehicle Acceleration Capabilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2521 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Dabbour
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Design Guide ◽  
Traffic Stream ◽  
Cross Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Acceleration ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

The current geometric design guide provides a methodology to analyze intersection sight distance for right-turning vehicles at signalized and two-way stop-controlled intersections based on the gaps accepted by the majority of drivers as measured from the field. That methodology is based mainly on driver behavior without considering the actual capabilities of the turning vehicle when accelerating from rest to the speed of the cross-traffic stream. This paper introduced the new design gap concept, which was based on the actual distance and time needed for the turning vehicle to accelerate to the same speed of the cross-traffic stream to avoid a collision. The acceleration capabilities of the turning vehicle were based on field measurements collected by GPS data logger devices that recorded the positions and instantaneous speeds of different turning vehicles at 1-s intervals; based on that, regression models were developed to establish an acceleration profile for a typical vehicle turning to the right from rest. Design tables were provided to help road designers select appropriate design gaps needed for different design speeds and grades of the crossing roadways. In comparison to the new design gaps, the measured gaps used in design were found to be generally inadequate. After implementation of the newly developed design gaps, turning drivers will potentially be able to accelerate comfortably without forcing other drivers in the cross-traffic stream to reduce their speeds or to change lanes to avoid colliding with turning vehicles.

Cross Traffic Signing for Stop Signs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1553 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. L. Gattis
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Cross Traffic ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Right

Signs warning motorists that traffic on the cross street does not stop can be found at some intersections that are not all-way stop controlled. These “cross traffic” signs have been installed to furnish a special warning where some motorists on the minor approaches may incorrectly assume that the major crossing street also has stop signs. The variety of cross traffic signs in use lack uniformity of message, color, shape, and placement location. A literature review and two surveys were conducted to examine (a) present usage of cross traffic signs, (b) circumstances under which these signs have been installed, (c) studies of the effectiveness of the signs, and (d) future actions. The accident data reviewed offered mixed results about the signs’ effectiveness: at some locations the signs appeared to reduce accident frequencies; at others, accidents continued despite their presence. If the intersections at which these signs have been installed are experiencing right-angle accidents due to a number of different factors, then countermeasures aimed at the right-of-way misperception problem may affect only some of the accidents. Expanded use of the signs could cause drivers to expect them at all two-way stop-controlled situations. More information on the long-term impact of the signs and a study of alternative approaches would help traffic engineers evaluate the desirability of these signs.

Longitudinal oscillation of a rod with a variable cross section

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
I.M. Utyashev
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Liouville Problem ◽  
Variable Cross Section ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Longitudinal Vibrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Variable cross-section rods are used in many parts and mechanisms. For example, conical rods are widely used in percussion mechanisms. The strength of such parts directly depends on the natural frequencies of longitudinal vibrations. The paper presents a method that allows numerically finding the natural frequencies of longitudinal vibrations of an elastic rod with a variable cross section. This method is based on representing the cross-sectional area as an exponential function of a polynomial of degree n. Based on this idea, it was possible to formulate the Sturm-Liouville problem with boundary conditions of the third kind. The linearly independent functions of the general solution have the form of a power series in the variables x and λ, as a result of which the order of the characteristic equation depends on the choice of the number of terms in the series. The presented approach differs from the works of other authors both in the formulation and in the solution method. In the work, a rod with a rigidly fixed left end is considered, fixing on the right end can be either free, or elastic or rigid. The first three natural frequencies for various cross-sectional profiles are given. From the analysis of the numerical results it follows that in a rigidly fixed rod with thinning in the middle part, the first natural frequency is noticeably higher than that of a conical rod. It is shown that with an increase in the rigidity of fixation at the right end, the natural frequencies increase for all cross section profiles. The results of the study can be used to solve inverse problems of restoring the cross-sectional profile from a finite set of natural frequencies.

Ten Articles on the Freedom and Service of the Church

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-398
Keyword(s):  
Right Hand ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

‘Looking to Jesus the pioneer and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of God. Consider him who endured from sinners such hostility against himself, so that you may not grow weary or fainthearted.’ (Heb. 12.2–3.)

The Essence of Christianity and the Cross of Christ

1914 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-594
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Warfield
Keyword(s):  
New Haven ◽  
Liberal Theology ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross Of Christ ◽  
The Face ◽  
Divinity School ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

In a recent number of The Harvard Theological Review, Professor Douglas Clyde Macintosh of the Yale Divinity School outlines in a very interesting manner the religious system to which he gives his adherence. For “substance of doctrine” (to use a form of speech formerly quite familiar at New Haven) this religious system does not differ markedly from what is usually taught in the circles of the so-called “Liberal Theology.” Professor Macintosh has, however, his own way of construing and phrasing the common “Liberal” teaching; and his own way of construing and phrasing it presents a number of features which invite comment. It is tempting to turn aside to enumerate some of these, and perhaps to offer some remarks upon them. As we must make a selection, however, it seems best to confine ourselves to what appears on the face of it to be the most remarkable thing in Professor Macintosh's representations. This is his disposition to retain for his religious system the historical name of Christianity, although it utterly repudiates the cross of Christ, and in fact feels itself (in case of need) quite able to get along without even the person of Christ. A “new Christianity,” he is willing, to be sure, to allow that it is—a “new Christianity for which the world is waiting”; and as such he is perhaps something more than willing to separate it from what he varyingly speaks of as “the older Christianity,” “actual Christianity,” “historic Christianity,” “actual, historical Christianity.” He strenuously claims for it, nevertheless, the right to call itself by the name of “Christianity.”

Geometric Calibration of Digital Cameras for 3D Cumulus Cloud Measurements

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuxiang Hu ◽  
Anshuman Razdan ◽  
Joseph A. Zehnder
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Geometric Error ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Cumulus Clouds ◽  
Geometric Calibration ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Stereo Photogrammetry ◽  
Camera Parameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Coarse To Fine

Abstract A technique for calibrating digital cameras for stereo photogrammetry of cumulus clouds is presented. It has been applied to characterize the formation of summer thunderstorms observed during the Cumulus Photogrammetric, In Situ, and Doppler Observations (CuPIDO) project. Starting from gross measurements of locations, orientations of cameras, and landmark surveys, accurate locations and orientations of the cameras are obtained by minimizing a geometric error (GE). Once accurate camera parameters are obtained, 3D positions of cloud-feature points are computed by triangulation. The main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it is proven that the GE has only one minimum in the neighborhood of the real parameters of a camera. In other words, searching the minimum of the GE enables the authors to find the right camera parameters even if there are significant differences between the initial measurements and their true values. Second, a new coarse-to-fine iterative algorithm is developed that minimizes the GE and finds the camera parameters. Numerical experiments show that the coarse-to-fine algorithm is efficient and effective. Third, a new landmark survey based on a geographic information system (GIS) rather than field measurements is presented. The GIS landmark survey is an effective and efficient way to obtain landmark world coordinates for camera calibrations in these experiments. Validation of this technique is achieved by the data collected by a NASA/Earth Observing System satellite and an instrumented aircraft. This paper builds on previous research and details the calibration and 3D reconstructions.

scholarly journals XXXIV. The Episcopal Coins of Durham, and the Monastic Coins of Reading, minted during the Reigns of Edward I. II. and III. appropriated to their respective Owners. By Benjamin Bartlet, F.A.S.

Archaeologia ◽  
1779 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bartlet
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pastoral Staff ◽  
Edward I

We find amongst the coins minted at Durham, during the reigns of the three first Edwards, several pennies bearing particular marks in some one or other part of the coin: one has a cross moline at the beginning of the legend on each side of the piece; a second has the same cross in the second quarter of the reverse; a third has it at the beginning of the legend on the obverse only; another has a lion rampant betwixt two fleurs de lis in the same place. Some of these being placed where in succeeding reigns the mint mark stood, have been taken notice of by two writers on these subjects, but no reasons assigned for their use. There are also from the same mint two others, which have the upright limb of the cross turned in the form of a pastoral staff, one of them to the right, the other to the left; they are said to have come from the bishops mint, but the prelates name are not mentioned.

scholarly journals Bower ratio-energy balance associated errors in vineyards under dripping irrigation

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Monteiro Soares ◽  
Pedro Vieira De Azevedo ◽  
Bernado Barbosa Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Soil Heat Flux ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Ratio Energy

This study was conducted at the Bebedouro Experimental Station in Petrolina-PE, Brazil, to evaluate the errors associated to the application of the Bowen ratio-energy balance in a 3-years old vineyard (Vitis vinifera, L), grown in a trellis system, irrigated by dripping. The field measurements were taken during fruiting cycle (July to November, 2001), which was divided into eigth phenological stages. A micrometeorological tower was mounted in a grape-plants row in which sensors of net radiation, global solar radiation and wind speed were installed at about 1.0 m above the canopy. Also in the tower, two psicometers were installed at two levels (0.5 and 1.8 m) above the vineyard canopy. Two soil heat flux plates were buried at 0.02 m beneath the soil surface. All these sensors were connected to a Data logger 21 X of Campbell Scientific Inc., programmed for collecting data once every 5 seconds and storage averages for every 15 minutes. A comparative analysis were made among four Bowen ratio accepting/rejecting rules, according to the methodology proposed by Spano et al. (2000): betar1 - values of beta calculated by Bowen (1926) equation; betar2 - values of beta as proposed by Verma et al. (1978) equation; betar3 - exclusion of the beta values obtained as recommended by Unland et al. (1996) and betar4 - exclusion of the beta values calculated as proposed by Bowen (1926), out of the interval (-0.7 < beta < 0.7). Constacted that the Unland et al. (1996) and Soares (2003) accepting/rejection rules were better than that of Verma et al. (1978) for attenuating the advective effects on the calculations of the Bowen ratio. The comparison of betar1 with betar2 rules showed that the statistical errors reaching maximum values of 0.015. When comparing betar1 with betar3 e betar4, the beta errors reaching maximum values of 5.80 and 3.15, respectively.

scholarly journals Direction and Velocity of the Ball in Volleyball Spike Depending on Location on Court

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Piotr Tabor ◽  
Czesław Urbanik ◽  
Andrzej Mastalerz
Keyword(s):  
Different Types ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between the direction and velocity of the ball in volleyball spike. We adopted the hypothesis that the direction of an attack is dependent upon the arrangement of the pectoral girdles in the phase of flight. Material and methods. The research was carried out for four different types of attacks: from the left side of the court down the line (A) and in the cross-court direction (B) and from the right side in the same directions (C and D). Sixteen young volleyball players from a Sports Championship School run by the Polish Volleyball Federation were examined. Results. The analysis of the results showed different ball velocities in different attacks. The velocity was the lowest in attack B and the highest in attack D. Conclusions. The direction of attack was produced by hitting the ball in a non-central manner and by aligning the glenohumeral joints diagonally to the net.

scholarly journals Порівняння бокового та медіанного доступу за оваріогістеректомії у кішок

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
A.D. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Surgical Access ◽  
Median Laparotomy ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Ventral Wall

In the article results of examinations got in case of surgical accesses through the flank and ventral wall of the stomach’s implementation on purpose to the cats’ ovariohysterectomy are given. The research work was carried out on healthy sexually-mature cats. Surgeries were done in the upper third of the right flank abdominal wall and in the behind the umbilical zone. The cross-cut on the boundary of groin and illium area in the direction from the hook-bone’s front border to the fourth nipple of the mammary gland of the appropriate side was applied on the side abdominal wall. It is established that in case of the accomplishment of cat’s ovariohysterectomy with the use of suggested surgical access through the side abdominal wall a duration of an operation and a period of healing are in line with those which are in case of application of median laparotomy. It is proved that the surgical access with the cross-cut done in the upper third of the right flank abdominal wall and on the boundary of groin and illium area in case of cat’s ovariohysterectomy secure better opportunities for the fulfillment of the surgical method than the median one. It is also noted that in case of cat’s ovariohysterectomy the surgical access through the upper third of the right flank abdominal wall with the cut in the direction from the hook-bone’s front border to the fourth nipple of the mammary gland of the appropriate side could be recommended as an alternative of an access through the middle line of the stomach.

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