Methodology to Gather Multimodal Urban Trip Generation Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 2500 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Dock ◽  
Liza Cohen ◽  
Jonathan D. Rogers ◽  
Jamie Henson ◽  
Rachel Weinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Trip Generation ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Land Use Development ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

Assessments of the impact of new land use development on the transportation network often rely on the ITE Trip Generation Manual informational report. Current ITE rates generally represent travel behavior for separated, single-use developments in low-density suburban areas. However, a more compact urban form, access to transit, and a greater mix of uses are known to generate fewer and shorter vehicle trips—and quite possibly more trips overall, especially in heavily urbanized areas like Washington, D.C. Local and national interest exists for generating data that expand upon existing trip rates (and similar parking generation rates) to include sites in diverse, dense contexts. The lack of adequate data on multimodal urban trip generation led the District Department of Transportation in Washington, D.C., to develop and test a streamlined methodology that meets the needs of practitioners who are evaluating the transportation impacts of new developments in dense, multimodal environments. This methodology focuses on capturing all trips to and from a site and the mode of all travelers, not just personal vehicle trips. The methodology was tested at mixed-use multifamily residential buildings but is intended for future use at a wide range of sites. This paper presents the methodology and rationale for a robust national data collection effort.

Pretest-Posttest Strategy for Researching Neighborhood-Scale Urban Form and Travel Behavior

2000 ◽  
Vol 1722 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Krizek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
The Impact

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies based on a less auto-dependent urban form to reduce the need for travel, especially drive-alone travel. In recent years, several studies have attempted to test the impact urban form has on travel behavior to determine if such designs are warranted. The results of these studies are mixed because of several shortcomings. Some shortcomings can be attributed to data availability; others are a product of the techniques used to characterize urban form or travel. Still other shortcomings are embedded in the strategies employed, using cross-sectional travel data and correlating travel outcomes with urban form. The line of research is being extended, aimed at isolating the influence of urban form on travel behavior; a new research strategy is presented using longitudinal travel data in concert with detailed measures of travel behavior and urban form. Data sources from the Puget Sound are described and a research strategy is presented that permits a pretest-posttest analysis of households’ travel behavior before and after they changed residential location. Early results show few changes in household travel behavior after a move, suggesting that attitudes toward travel are firmly entrenched and postmove travel provides little insight into how changes in urban form affect travel. Although a pretest-posttest makes valiant strides in shedding new light on the matter, the complex phenomenon being addressed requires myriad approaches. More comprehensive research techniques and even research approaches based on different different traditions are much needed to better understand how urban form and travel interact.

Travel Behavior as Function of Accessibility, Land Use Mixing, and Land Use Balance: Evidence from San Francisco Bay Area

1997 ◽  
Vol 1607 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Maria Kockelman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Impact

The relative significance and influence of a variety of measures of urban form on household vehicle kilometers traveled, automobile ownership, and mode choice were investigated. The travel data came from the 1990 San Francisco Bay Area travel surveys, and the land use data were largely constructed from hectare-level descriptions provided by the Association of Bay Area Governments. After demographic characteristics were controlled for, the measures of accessibility, land use mixing, and land use balance—computed for trip-makers’ home neighborhoods and at trip ends—proved to be highly statistically significant and influential in their impact on all measures of travel behavior. In many cases, balance, mix, and accessibility were found to be more relevant (as measured by elasticities) than several household and traveler characteristics that often form a basis for travel behavior prediction. In contrast, under all but the vehicle ownership models, the impact of density was negligible after accessibility was controlled.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Ardila Azmi ◽  
Mariana Mohamed Osman ◽  
Noor Suzilawati Rabe ◽  
Nuranisa Huda Ramlan ◽  
Ainina Azizan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Land Use Development

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is an emerging concept to optimise the land use development surrounding a transit station and to create a reliable relationship between a densely compact urban form and high public transportation ridership. In Malaysia, the concept of TOD was initiated in the first National Physical Plan in 2005 and mentioned again in National Physical Plan 2 in 2010. This paper identifies the principle of TOD applied in Malaysia and other countries, and discusses the differences and similarities of the TOD practices using comparative analysis and document analysis methods. Findings of this study indicate that mixed-use development, high density, intensity and connectivity are the main TOD principles adopted in Malaysia and other countries around the globe. The current policy and practises of these countries tend to focus more on the better management and increase ridership of these transit rail stations, including ways to encourage users to shift from private vehicles to public transportation. The findings of this study would contribute towards policy decisions and practices of TOD in Malaysia.

Multimodal Trip Generation Model to Assess Travel Impacts of Urban Developments in the District of Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2668 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Westrom ◽  
Stephanie Dock ◽  
Jamie Henson ◽  
Mackenzie Watten ◽  
Anjuli Bakhru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Trip Generation ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Mixed Use

The research effort described in this paper aims to develop a state-of-the-practice methodology for estimating urban trip generation from mixed-use developments. The District Department of Transportation’s initiative focused on ( a) developing and testing a data collection methodology, ( b) collecting local data to complement the ITE’s national data in trip rate estimation, and ( c) developing a model–tool that incorporates contextual factors identified as affecting overall trip rate as well as trip rate by mode. The final model accurately predicts total person trips and mode choice. The full set of models achieves better statistical performance in relation to average model error and goodness of fit than either ITE rates alone or other existing research. The model includes sensitivity to local environment and on-site components. The model advances site-level trip generation research in two major ways: first, it calculates total person trips independent of mode choice; second, it calculates mode choice with sensitivity to the amount of parking provided on site—a major finding in the connection between parking provision and travel behavior at a local-site level. The methodology allows agencies to improve their assessment of expected trips from proposed buildings and therefore the level of impact a planned building may have on the transportation system.

Issues in Trip Generation Methods for Transportation Impact Estimation of Land Use Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Currans
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Economics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Trip Generation ◽  
Development Review ◽  
Robust Planning ◽  
Land Use Development ◽  
Livable Communities

As agencies develop more robust planning objectives for creating sustainable and livable communities, the research community has continued developing tools for estimating transportation impacts for site-level development review. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art trip generation methods. We then offer a discussion about the consistency of approaches compared with theories of travel behavior and urban economics. The main objective is to identify the largest and potentially problematic gaps in methods available for practice in order to allow researchers, agencies, and practitioners to both be aware of these limitations and forge forward new innovations to solve these ongoing problems.

scholarly journals MODELING AND ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION NETWORK WITH RAPID TRANSIT

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Muqing Du ◽  
Xiaowei Jiang ◽  
Hesham Rakha
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Trip Distribution ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
The Impact

To study the impact of the rapid transit on the capacity of current urban transportation system, a two-mode network capacity model, including the travel modes of automobile and transit, is developed based on the well-known road network capacity model. It considers that the travel demand accompanying with the regional development will increase in a variable manner on the trip distribution, of which the travel behavior is represented using the combined model split/trip distribution/traffic assignment model. Additionally, the choices of the travel routes, trip destinations and travel modes are formulated as a hierarchical logit model. Using this combined travel demand model in the lower level, the network capacity problem is formulated as a bi-level programming problem. The latest technique of sensitivity analysis is employed for the solution of the bi-level problem in a heuristic search. Numerical computations are demonstrated on an example network, and the before-and-after comparisons of building the new transit lines on the integrated transportation network are shown by the results.

scholarly journals Developing vehicular and non-vehicular trip generation models for mid-rise residential buildings in Kelowna, British Columbia: Assessing the impact of built environment, land use, and neighborhood characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntahith Orvin ◽  
Daryus Ahmed ◽  
Mahmudur Fatmi ◽  
Gordon Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Trip Generation ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Suburban Developments

This study develops vehicular and non-vehicular trip generation models for mid-rise, multi-family residential developments. A comparative analysis of observed and Instiutue of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip rates suggests that ITE rates consistently overestimate. A latent segmentation-based negative binomial (LSNB) model is developed to improve the methodology for estimating vehicular and non-vehicular trips. One of the key features of an LSNB model is to capture heterogeneity. Segment allocation results for the vehicular and non-vehicular models suggest that one segment includes suburban developments, whereas the other includes urban developments. Results reveal that a higher number of dwelling units is likely to be associated with increased vehicle trips. For non-vehicular trips, a higher number of dwelling units and increased recreational opportunities are more likely to increase trip generation. The LSNB model confirms the existence of significant heterogeneity. For instance, higher land-use mix has a higher probability to deter vehicular trips in urban areas, whereas trips in the suburban areas are likely to continue increasing. Higher density of bus routes and sidewalks are likely to be associated with increased non-vehicular trips in urban areas, yet such trips are likely to decrease in suburban areas. An interesting finding is that higher bikeability in suburban areas is more likely to increase non-vehicular trips. The findings of this study are expected to assist engineers and planners to predict vehicular and non-vehicular trips with higher accuracy.

scholarly journals Balancing Urban Green Space and Residential Infill Development: A Spatial Multi-Criteria Approach Based on Practitioner Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 1840004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Tiitu ◽  
Arto Viinikka ◽  
Leena Kopperoinen ◽  
Davide Geneletti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Infill Development ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The objectives in consolidating the urban form and preserving green spaces are often in conflict in growing cities. The usability of spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (SMCDA) was tested as a tool for integrating residential infill development and urban green spaces in the City of Järvenpää, Finland. In collaboration with local practitioners, this study focused on the benefits and challenges of SMCDA. The results were based on two workshops with the practitioners along with comprehensive GIS analyses based on a wide range of available data. The practitioners saw SMCDA as a useful method to bring together a variety of factors related to infill development. They highlighted the importance of the method’s transparency, emphasising the comprehensive explanation of each step of the method. Better understanding of the impact of individual criteria weightings on the results was mentioned as one of the key future developments of the method.

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