Precast Prestressed Concrete Pavement Pilot Project near Georgetown, Texas

2003 ◽  
Vol 1823 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Merritt ◽  
B. Frank McCullough ◽  
Ned H. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Transportation Research ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

The use of precast concrete is rapidly becoming a viable method for repair and rehabilitation of portland cement concrete pavements, with several projects under construction or in development throughout the United States. Construction with precast concrete offers numerous benefits over conventional cast-in-place pavement construction. Most notable is how quickly a precast pavement can be opened to traffic. Precast panels can be placed during overnight or weekend operations and opened to traffic almost immediately. In addition, because precast panels are cast in a controlled environment, the durability of a precast pavement is also improved. In March 2002, the Texas Department of Transportation completed construction of a precast pavement pilot project aimed at testing and further developing a precast pavement concept developed by the Center for Transportation Research at The University of Texas at Austin. This project was constructed on a section of frontage road along Interstate 35 near Georgetown, Texas. The project incorporated the use of posttensioned precast concrete panels. The panels were posttensioned in place not only to tie all the panels together but also to reduce the pavement thickness required and improve durability. The finished pavement demonstrated not only the viability of precast pavement construction but also the benefits of incorporation of posttensioning. Although the project was constructed without the time constraints and complexities that will eventually need to be considered for precast pavement construction, it ultimately helped to develop viable construction procedures for future precast prestressed concrete pavements.

Saint-Venant torsion constant of modern precast concrete bridge girders

PCI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Richard Brice ◽  
Richard Pickings
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bridge Girders ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Prestressed Concrete Bridge ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

Many bridge owners have developed new precast, prestressed concrete bridge girder sections that are optimized for high-performance concrete and pretensioning strands with diameters greater than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm). Girder sections have been developed for increased span capacities, while others fill a need in shorter span ranges. Accurate geometric properties are essential for design. Common properties, including cross-sectional area, location of centroid, and major axis moment of inertia, are generally easy to compute and are readily available in standard design references. Computation of the torsion constant is a different matter. This paper presents the methods and results of a study to determine the torsion constant for many of the modern precast, prestressed concrete bridge girders used in the United States and compares the results with values from the approximate methods of the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

PCI Standard Design Practice Ref ACI 318-14

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Consistent Approach ◽  
Code Provisions

Precast, prestressed concrete design is based on conformance with the provisions of the American Concrete Institute’s (ACI’s) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14). In most cases, these provisions are followed explicitly. Occasionally, interpretation of some sections of ACI 318 is required to ensure quality is maintained in conjunction with the unique characteristics of precast and prestressed concrete fabrication, shipping, and erection. Members of the PCI Building Code Committee, along with other experienced precast concrete design engineers, have identified code provisions, detailed in this publication, that require clarification or interpretation. These design practices are followed by most precast concrete design engineers to produce safe, economical precast concrete structures and they provide a consistent approach for the designers and contractors.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of a New Precast Prestressed Concrete Joint

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyuan Yan ◽  
Suguo Wang ◽  
Canling Huang ◽  
Ai Qi ◽  
Chao Hong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Concrete Joints ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

Precast monolithic structures are increasingly applied in construction. Such a structure has a performance somewhere between that of a pure precast structure and that of a cast-in-place structure. A precast concrete frame structure is one of the most common prefabricated structural systems. The post-pouring joint is important for controlling the seismic performance of the entire precast monolithic frame structure. This paper investigated the joints of a precast prestressed concrete frame structure. A reversed cyclic loading test was carried out on two precast prestressed concrete beam–column joints that were fabricated with two different concrete strengths in the keyway area. This testing was also performed on a cast-in-place reinforced concrete joint for comparison. The phenomena such as joint crack development, yielding, and ultimate damage were observed, and the seismic performance of the proposed precast prestressed concrete joint was determined. The results showed that the precast prestressed concrete joint and the cast-in-place joint had a similar failure mode. The stiffness, bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation were comparable. The hysteresis curves were full and showed that the joints had good energy dissipation. The presence of prestressing tendons limited the development of cracks in the precast beams. The concrete strength of the keyway area had little effect on the seismic performance of the precast prestressed concrete joints. The precast prestressed concrete joints had a seismic performance that was comparable to the equivalent monolithic system.

scholarly journals Structural Health Monitoring of Precast Concrete Box Girders Using Selected Vibration-Based Damage Detection Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjie Zhou ◽  
Leon D. Wegner ◽  
Bruce F. Sparling
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Box Girders ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

Precast, prestressed concrete box girders are commonly used as superstructure components for short and medium span bridges. Their configuration and typical side-by-side placement make large portions of these elements inaccessible for visual inspection or the application of nondestructive testing techniques. This paper demonstrates that vibration-based damage detection (VBDD) is an effective alternative for monitoring their structural health. A box girder removed from a dismantled bridge was used to evaluate the ability of five different VBDD algorithms to detect and localize low levels of spalling damage, with a focus on using a small number of sensors and only the fundamental mode of vibration. All methods were capable of detecting and localizing damage to a region within approximately 1.6 times the longitudinal spacing between as few as six uniformly distributed accelerometers. Strain gauges configured to measure curvature were also effective, but tended to be susceptible to large errors in near support damage cases. Finite element analyses demonstrated that increasing the number of sensor locations leads to a proportional increase in localization accuracy, while the use of additional modes provides little advantage and can sometimes lead to a deterioration in the performance of the VBDD techniques.

scholarly journals Concrete modular pavement type selection based on application area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Alfredas Laurinavičius ◽  
Donatas Čygas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Arterial Streets ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Pavement Construction

Roads and other trafficked areas infrastructure starts to deteriorate as far as it is opened to traffic. Thus, it has to be timely repaired and reconstructed. However, any interruption to traffic by implementing repair and rehabilitation works leads to user’s discomfort and traffic congestion. Modular pavements also known as precast concrete pavements can be constructed at night, consequently they eliminate or reduce traffic flow limitation related to repair works. They consist of prefabricated concrete slabs that are transported to the construction site only after the curing period when the desirable concrete strength is achieved and installed on a prepared foundation. Slabs prefabrication in a plant results in better concrete quality, controlled concrete curing conditions, wider period for pavement construction, reduced time before opening to traffic, elimination of early-age failures and material segregation which may occur during concrete or asphalt mixture transportation to the project site and laying. Despite these advantageous, modular pavements are barely used in Europe. In order to enhance the usage of modular pavements in Europe, paper focuses on the identification of the most promising modular pavements application areas and their type selection. The most promising application areas such as motorways and arterial streets were identified on the basis of the conducted survey among high qualified researchers. Low volume roads, private roads, bicycle and pedestrian paths could be included as modular pavements special application areas with slightly different approach.

Load-Deflection Analysis of Pretensioned Inverted T-Beam with Web Openings

2008 ◽  
Vol 400-402 ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hock Tian Cheng ◽  
S. Mohammed Bashar ◽  
Kamal Nasharuddin Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Web Openings ◽  
Deflection Analysis ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
T Beam ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

A precast, prestressed concrete girder with circular web openings allows building service systems (mechanical, electrical, communications, and plumbing) to cross the girder line within the member’s depth, reducing a building’s floor-to-floor height and the overall height of the structure. These height reductions have the potential to improve the competitiveness of total precast concrete structures versus other types of building systems. The experimental program reported in this paper tested five full-scale inverted-tee girders with circular web openings to failure, to evaluate the openings’ effect on girder behavior. The girders failed in a ductile manner due to diagonal cracking above the openings. The tested girders were designed using available recommendations in the existing literatures. It was observed that concrete fractured from tension zones around an opening, with cracks developing vetically towards the beam flanges. A beam would collapse when the cracks reached the flanges. In the present work, an analytical solution is developed for the load-deflection calculation of prestressed beam with web openings at any load stage. The solution assumes a trilinear deflection response characterized by the flexural cracking initiation, steel yielding, and ultimate capacity. Closed form expressions are presented for the case of simple beams subjected to four-points loading. These expressions are modified from present ACI code equations by incorporating appropriate laboratory determined coefficients in order to predict more precisely with some degree of conservativeness on flexural load-point deflection with any extent of uncracked, postcracked, and postyielded region along their spans. Accordingly, a simplified analysis procedure is developed by adopting a trilinear load-deflection response. The effectiveness of the simplified procedure is demonstrated by comparing its results to those of the analytical solution and the experimental values.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rapid Repair of Concrete Pavements Using Precast Concrete Technology: A Sustainable and Cost-Effective Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Saima Yaqoob ◽  
Johan Silfwerbrand ◽  
Larissa Strömberg
Keyword(s):  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Rapid Repair ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
High Traffic Volume

Abstract Concrete and asphalt are the two competitive materials for a highway. In Sweden, the predominant material for the highway system is asphalt. But under certain conditions, concrete pavements are competitive alternatives. For example, concrete pavements are suitable for high-traffic volume roads, roads in tunnels, concentrated loads (e.g., bus stops and industrial pavement). Besides the load-carrying capacity, the concrete pavement has many advantages such as durability (wear resistance), resistance against frost heave, environment (pollution, recycling, and low rolling resistance leading to fuel savings), fire resistance, noise limitations, brightness, evenness and aesthetics. Concrete pavements are long-lasting but need final repair. Single slabs may crack in the jointed concrete pavement due to various structural and non-structural factors. Repair and maintenance operations are, therefore, necessary to increase the service life of the structures. To avoid extended lane closures, prevent traffic congestions, and expedite the pavement construction process, precast concrete technology is a recent innovative construction method that can meet the requirement of rapid construction and rehabilitation of the pavement. This paper evaluates rapid repair techniques of concrete pavement using precast concrete technology by analysing three case studies on jointed precast concrete pavements. The study showed that the required amount of time to re-open the pavement to traffic is dramatically reduced with jointed precast concrete panels.

Performance of Precast Concrete Building Structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 349-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
Ned M. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Earthquake Resistance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Code Provisions

The Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) sent an assessment team to Chile, which visited the areas affected by the 27 February 2010 earthquake between 26 and 30 April 2010. This paper reports on the team's observations on the performance of precast/prestressed concrete structures. The precast concrete building systems observed by the PCI team generally performed well. In some cases, the lateral force-resisting system performed satisfactorily, but the absence or weakness of diaphragm framing resulted in local failures. Overall, the PCI team found a mature and sophisticated precast concrete industry that has successfully considered and solved issues of earthquake resistance without some of the constraints imposed on U.S. practice by restrictive building code provisions.

Comparative studies of medium-span box girder bridges with other precast systems'

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Kulka ◽  
T. Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
The United States ◽  
Box Girders ◽  
Box Girder Bridges ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Near Future

Recognizing the large market for medium-span bridges, the building industry has focused its attention on the economical construction of these structures. Mechanized construction and the use of standardized members have become important aspects for this type of structure, owing to the numbers to be constructed in the near future and the large size of some of these projects. This paper deals with a comparison of four structural prestressed concrete systems applicable to medium spans: box sections, I-girders, T-girders, and wing sections. Cost comparisons are presented, and conclusions as to the choice of structural sections for optimum medium-span construction are included. The material is derived from a study the authors' company prepared for the United States Federal Highway Authority on the feasibility of standardization of segmental box girder bridges. Key words: bridges, box girders, precast concrete, prestressed concrete.

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