Dissipation Pattern of Excess Pore Pressure After Liquefaction in Saturated Sand Deposits

2003 ◽  
Vol 1821 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ik Soo Ha ◽  
Young Ho Park ◽  
Myoung Mo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Time History ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Dissipation Pattern ◽  
Effective Grain Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Excess Pore

In liquefied areas, the amount of damage to a structure is mainly affected by the postliquefaction behavior of the liquefied ground. Understanding postliquefaction behavior requires understanding the dissipation pattern of excess pore pressure after liquefaction. It is difficult to measure pore pressures generated and dissipated during an earthquake because of the more-or-less randomness of earthquake events. Researchers have artificially generated liquefaction with sand samples in the laboratory and have simulated curves for the time history dissipation of excess pore pressure. To estimate variation in permeability during dynamic loading, which should be known for settlement predictions of the ground undergoing liquefaction, 1-g shaking table tests were carried out on five kinds of sands, all with high liquefaction potentials. During tests, excess pore pressures at various depths and surface settlements were measured. The measured curve of the excess pore pressure dissipation was simulated using the solidification theory. From analysis of the velocity of dissipation, the dissipation pattern of excess pore pressure after liquefaction was examined. Permeability during dissipation was calculated using the measured settlement and dissipation velocity, also used for estimating permeability during dynamic loading. The dissipation velocity of excess pore pressure after liquefaction had a linear correlation with the effective grain size divided by the coefficient of uniformity. The increase in the ground’s initial relative density played a role in shifting this correlation curve toward increased dissipation velocity. Permeability during liquefaction increased 1.4 to 5 times compared with the permeability of the original ground, the increase becoming greater as the effective grain size of the test sand increased and the coefficient of uniformity decreased.

Observed Soil-Water Interaction in the Centrifuge Dynamic Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 2978-2984
Author(s):  
Dong Su ◽  
Xiang Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Time History ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Input Motion ◽  
Excess Pore

Centrifuge physical modeling technique has been increasingly used in geotechnical earthquake engineering. A centrifuge dynamic model test has been conducted on the centrifuge on a saturated sand deposit model. The input motion at the base of the model was a strong earthquake waveform with a peak acceleration of 0.55 g in prototype. Some interesting phenomena, which include disappearance and reappearance of acceleration in soils during the shaking event, and existence of double plateaus or one plateau and one peak in the time histories of excess pore pressure, were recorded. The mechanism behind the phenomena was investigated by comparing the time history of excess pore pressure with the time history of acceleration, and with the derived shear modulus.

A numerical investigation of excess pore pressures and continental slope stability in response to ice-sheet dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morelia Urlaub ◽  
Isabel Kratzke ◽  
Berit Oline Hjelstuen
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Ice Sheet Dynamics ◽  
Excess Pore

AbstractSubmarine landslides are common at glaciated continental margins. The onset of large-scale landslides coincides with the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciations in the Quaternary. This implies that processes related to glacial cycling provide favourable conditions for submarine landslides at high-latitude margins. Potential processes include glacial deposition patterns and enhanced seismicity. It is also possible that advances and retreats of ice sheets, a highly dynamic process in geological terms, makes slopes discernible to failure by modifying the stress regime. Here, we quantify this effect using 2D finite element modelling of a glaciated continental margin. Different model runs investigate the pore-pressure development in homogeneous, as well as layered, slopes during glaciation when loaded by an ice stream with one or more ice advances. Ice streams cause significant variations in excess pore pressure in the very shallow sediment sequences at the continental shelf. However, lateral fluid flow is not efficient enough to increase pore pressures significantly at the slope, where large-scale submarine slides are observed. Hence, while ice-sheet dynamics appear to favour the occurrence of shallow slides close to the shelf edge, ice sheets seem to be irrelevant for the generation of large-scale submarine landslides at the continental slope.

Excess Pore Pressures During Undrained Clay Creep

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Holzer ◽  
Kaare Höeg ◽  
Kandiah Arulanandan
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Undrained Creep ◽  
Excess Pore

The objective of this presentation is to examine experimentally how the excess pore-water pressure is related to the mechanism for undrained creep of San Francisco Bay mud. The results are discussed in the context of creep mechanisms previously suggested in the literature and based on laboratory testing.It is found that shear strains occurring during undrained creep are directly related to a gradual but significant increase in excess pore pressure and, hence, reduction in effective stresses. The increase in magnitude of the pore pressure is, except immediately after the creep shear stress is applied, solely a function of the initial consolidation stress and consolidation period. The magnitude of the long-term build-up may be related to the amount of secondary compression which would occur during drained conditions. It increases with the organic content of the soil and decreases with the degree of remolding. The mechanism for the increase in pore-water pressure may be explained by drainage of water from micropores in the microstructure into the macrostructure.Unless one accounts for the increase in pore pressures during undrained creep, it is unlikely that one will be successful in formulating a generally valid mathematical model for stress–strain–strength–time behavior based on laboratory testing.

Surpressions interstitielles développées par le fonçage dans les sols cohérents

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-827
Author(s):  
M. Peignaud
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore Pressures ◽  
Plastic Clays ◽  
Excess Pore

The Laboratoire Régional des Ponts et Chaussées, Angers (France) has investigated the excess pore pressures developed during the driving of a piezometer probe at different rates on four sites. Attention is drawn to the important differences between the pore pressures measured during penetration and at rest.During driving, negative excess pore pressures are measured. When the piezometer is stopped the pore pressures become large and positive. For the soils tested, i.e., plastic to highly plastic clays, the maximum excess pore pressure at rest may be estimated from the total overburden pressure. [Journal translation]

A New Technique for Reduction of Excess Pore Pressures During Pile Driving

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Holtz ◽  
Per Boman
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Excess Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore

A new technique is described whereby excess pore pressures induced during pile driving in soft, varved silts and clays were economically reduced to a safe level. The technique was applied to piles at a bridge site south of Stockholm, Sweden, where a small slide had occurred during pile driving. A new paper–plastic drain was attached to the wood piles during driving, and two pulling tests indicated that the drain was undamaged under normal driving conditions. The excess pore pressure generated during the driving of some 13 test piles without drains and 48 piles with drains was measured. The data indicated at least a 50% relative reduction in excess pore pressure when the drain was used. In addition, the cost of the technique was considerably less than alternative methods for dealing with dangerous excess pore water pressures resulting from piling in similar soils. The technique has been successfully applied at two other piling sites in Sweden.

Consolidation of a soil layer subsequent to cessation of deposition

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-682
Author(s):  
Guofu Zhu ◽  
Jian-Hua Yin
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Triangular Distribution ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Excess Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore

It is necessary in certain cases to estimate the progress of consolidation in a soil layer that has ceased increasing in thickness over time. In this paper, the existing excess pore pressures for two time–thickness relations are used as the "initial" pore pressures for analysing the consolidation of soil subsequent to the cessation of deposition. Average degrees of consolidation of the soil layer are presented for one-way drainage and two-way drainage boundary conditions. The average degrees of consolidation are compared with those for uniform and triangular initial excess pore pressure distributions. It is found that the average degree of consolidation for one-way drainage boundaries can be estimated using the value for the triangular distribution. The average degree of consolidation for two-way drainage boundaries is bound by the averages for both the uniform and the triangular initial excess pore pressure distributions.Key words: consolidation, deposition, drainage, settlement, soil.

Effective-Stress Finite Element Analysis of Spudcan Penetration

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Tao Yi ◽  
Fook Hou Lee ◽  
Siang Huat Goh ◽  
Yu Ping Li ◽  
Xi Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Effective Stress ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore

The numerical modeling of spudcan penetration involves technical challenges posed by large soil deformation coupled with significant material non-linearity. The Lagrangian approach commonly used for solid stress analysis often does not work well with large deformations, resulting in premature termination of the analysis. Recently, the Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian (ALE) and the Eulerian methods have been used in spudcan analysis to overcome problems caused by the soil flow and large deformation. However, most of the reported studies are based on total stress analysis and therefore shed no light on the excess pore pressures generated during spudcan installation. As a result, much remains unknown about the long-term behaviour of spudcans in the ground, which is affected by the dissipation of excess pore pressures. This paper reports an effective-stress finite element analysis of spudcan installation in an over-consolidated (OC) soft clay. The Eulerian analysis was conducted using ABAQUS/ Explicit, with the effective stress constitutive models coded via the material subroutine VUMAT. The results demonstrated the feasibility of conducting effective-stress finite element analysis for undrained spudcan penetration in OC clays. The paper discusses the flow mechanism, stable cavity depths and bearing capacity factors when spudcan installation occurs in various OC soils. It was found that the pore pressure build-up concentrates in a bulb-shaped zone surrounding the spudcan. The size of the pore pressure bulb increases with increasing penetration. The maximum excess pore pressure, which is generated near the spudcan tip, is predominantly controlled by the undrained shear strength at the tip level.

scholarly journals A laboratory study of particle ploughing and pore-pressure feedback: a velocity-weakening mechanism for soft glacier beds

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (184) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason F. Thomason ◽  
Neal R. Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Measured Velocity ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Pressure Diffusion ◽  
Pressure Feedback ◽  
Excess Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore

AbstractIf basal-water discharge and pressure are sufficiently high, a soft-bedded glacier will slip over its bed by ploughing, the process in which particles that span the ice–bed interface are dragged across the bed surface. Results of laboratory experiments indicate that resistance to ploughing can decrease with increasing ploughing velocity (velocity weakening). During ploughing at various velocities (15–400 m a−1), till was compacted in front of idealized particles, causing pore pressures there that were orders of magnitude higher than the ambient value. This excess pore pressure locally weakened the till in shear, thereby decreasing ploughing resistance by a factor of 3.0–6.6 with a six-fold increase in ploughing velocity. Characteristic timescales of pore-pressure diffusion and compaction down-glacier from ploughing particles depend on till diffusivity, ploughing velocity and sizes of ploughing particles. These timescales accurately predict the ranges of these variables over which excess pore pressure and velocity weakening occurred. Existing ploughing models do not account for velocity weakening. A new ploughing model with no adjustable parameters predicts ploughing resistance to no worse than 38% but requires that excess pore pressures be measured. Velocity weakening by this mechanism may affect fast glacier flow, sediment transport by bed deformation and basal seismicity.

Inclined Perimeter Drains Performance as Liquefaction Countermeasure Techniques Below Existing Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050015
Author(s):  
Samy Garcıáa-Torres ◽  
Gopal Santana Phani Madabhushi
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Vertical Drains ◽  
Centrifuge Tests ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore

Reducing the risk of structural damage due to earthquake-induced liquefaction in new and existing buildings is a challenging problem in geotechnical engineering. Drainage countermeasure techniques against liquefaction have been studied over the last decades with an emphasis on the use of vertical drains. This technique aims to allow a rapid dissipation of excess pore pressures generated in the soil during the earthquake thereby limiting the peak excess pore pressures and consequently improve the structural response. Rapid drainage in the post-earthquake period in the presence of these drains helps quick recovery of the soil strength. Recent studies propose different variations in the vertical drains arrangement to improve the excess pore pressure redistribution in the soil around structures. However, conventional arrangements for existing buildings do not achieve an adequate proximity from the drains to the soil below the foundation. To address this, the performance of inclined and vertical perimeter drain arrangements are studied in this paper. Dynamic centrifuge tests were carried out for the different arrangements in order to evaluate the excess pore pressure generation due to ground shaking and the following dissipation together with the foundation settlement and dynamic response.

Vibro-Stone Column Reinforcement Mechanism and Numerical Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 1940-1943
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Hong Xiang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Stone Column ◽  
Reinforcement Mechanism ◽  
Consolidation Theory ◽  
Excess Pore

Numerical simulation of vibro-stone column is taken to simulate the installation of vibro-stone column. A relationship based on test is adopted to calculate the excess pore pressure induced by vibratory energy during the installation of vibro-stone column. A numerical procedure is developed based on the formula and Terzaghi-Renduric consolidation theory. Finally numerical results of composite stone column are compared single stone column.

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