A Tale of Two Plans: Determinants of Plan Implementation

2002 ◽  
Vol 1817 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Ardila
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Political Conditions

By comparing two transportation plans, one implemented and the other forgotten on a bookshelf, the case of Bogota, Colombia, offers the opportunity to understand the determinants underlying effective plan implementation. Results suggest that a plan will be implemented if the planning process is politically and financially realistic. These two initial characteristics should be self-evident, because without adequate funding or political conditions, no policy can be implemented. The analysis highlights the importance of two additional factors for successful project implementation: the existence of a minimum level of institutional capacity, and that the overall planning and implementation exercise is driven by the desire to implement the project.

Stakeholder Participation in Collaborative Watershed Planning in Washington State

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Reisert ◽  
Clare M. Ryan ◽  
Johann Köppel
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Watershed Planning ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Implementation Factors

Stakeholder participation in collaborative watershed planning in Washington State was examined in three watershed planning unit cases in order to understand how stakeholders participate in collaborative watershed planning, the nature of plans developed, and stakeholder perceptions of plan implementation. Through document analysis and interviews, we found broad and inclusive representation of stakeholders in the planning processes, and that a majority of stakeholder comments were reflected in the final plans. Plans were of good quality and provide a strong foundation for implementation. Factors that facilitate plan implementation include the collaborative planning process itself, funding and community support, and leadership along with early and sustained involvement. Factors that hinder plan implementation include lack of adequate funding, various legal issues, and challenges in involving landowners in plan projects.

Policy analysis and complexity – a non-equilibrium approach for integrated water management

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govert D. Geldof
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Control System ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Equilibrium Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Groundwater Policy ◽  
Non Equilibrium

In integrated water management, the issues are often complex by nature, they are capable of subjective interpretation, are difficult to express in standards and exhibit many uncertainties. For such issues, an equilibrium approach is not appropriate. A non-equilibrium approach has to be applied. This implies that the processes to which the integrated issue pertains, are regarded as “alive”’. Instead of applying a control system as the model for tackling the issue, a network is used as the model. In this network, several “agents”’ are involved in the modification, revision and rearrangement of structures. It is therefore an on-going renewal process (perpetual novelty). In the planning process for the development of a groundwater policy for the municipality of Amsterdam, a non-equilibrium approach was adopted. In order to do justice to the integrated character of groundwater management, an approach was taken, containing the following features: (1) working from global to detailed, (2) taking account of the history of the system, (3) giving attention to communication, (4) building flexibility into the establishing of standards, and (5) combining reason and emotions. A middle course was sought, between static, rigid but reliable on the one hand; dynamic, flexible but vague on the other hand.

scholarly journals Urban and Spatial Planning: Pragmatic Considerations for Plan Implementation Improvements (A Case Study of the City of Bor)

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402199455
Author(s):  
Dragana S. Nikolić ◽  
Marijana D. Pantić ◽  
Vesna T. Jokić
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Government Budget

The main task of planning documents is to achieve maximal rationality in the use of space, spatial resources, and balanced territorial development. The preparation of plans is regulated by a legislative framework, which embraces multiple phases and stakeholders. In a perfect planning process, it would be expected that all the elements are well coordinated and brought to common understanding, but in reality, obstacles and challenges can occur in any of these steps, especially in the implementation phase. Although a plan is fully prepared to be practiced, its implementation might be omitted. Therefore, this article analyzes the full process of spatial and urban planning from the perspective of plan implementation. The methodology is based on a combination of different data collection methods (interviews, fieldwork, direct observation) with the analysis of plans and the particular mention of those plans that picture the implementation issues the most. Also, legislative acts and semi-annual and annual reports on the achievements of the local government budget are analyzed. The approach indicates that plan implementation depends the most on the willingness of the government to perform changes in the system and to peruse punitive policy comprehensively. Although it is about implementation at the local level, the success primarily depends on clear definitions given in the legislative acts, freedom of the local communities to make their own decisions, and financial decentralization, side by side with the regional and local circumstances, institutional technical and staff capacities, and application of participatory planning that involves actors from various sectors.

Factors affecting strategic plan implementation using interpretive structural modeling (ISM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadkarim Bahadori ◽  
Ehsan Teymourzadeh ◽  
Hamidreza Tajik ◽  
Ramin Ravangard ◽  
Mehdi Raadabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Strategic Planning Process ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeStrategic planning is the best tool for managers seeking an informed presence and participation in the market without surrendering to changes. Strategic planning enables managers to achieve their organizational goals and objectives. Hospital goals, such as improving service quality and increasing patient satisfaction cannot be achieved if agreed strategies are not implemented. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting strategic plan implementation in one teaching hospital using interpretive structural modeling (ISM).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a descriptive study involving experts and senior managers; 16 were selected as the study sample using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed and prepared based on previous studies. Data were analyzed using ISM.FindingsFive main factors affected strategic plan implementation. Although all five variables and factors are top level, “senior manager awareness and participation in the strategic planning process” and “creating and maintaining team participation in the strategic planning process” had maximum drive power. “Organizational structure effects on the strategic planning process” and “Organizational culture effects on the strategic planning process” had maximum dependence power.Practical implicationsIdentifying factors affecting strategic plan implementation is a basis for healthcare quality improvement by analyzing the relationship among factors and overcoming the barriers.Originality/valueThe authors used ISM to analyze the relationship between factors affecting strategic plan implementation.

Identity on Parade in Northern Ireland

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-50
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marching Bands ◽  
Belfast Agreement ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Orange Order

This chapter introduces the history and political context of loyalist parades in Northern Ireland. It traces how parades have changed over the past two centuries in response to shifting political conditions. The chapter then shows how parades influence and are influenced by politics in the post–Good Friday/Belfast Agreement era. In the discussion of contemporary parading, the chapter presents data on the number of parades, paraders, and spectators, which demonstrate the prominence of the movement in Protestant society. It also describes the major parading organizations, including the Orange Order, the other loyal orders, and marching bands, and explains the main sources of disputes between Protestants and Catholics over parades.

Case-Based Reasoning

2020 ◽  
pp. 353-374
Author(s):  
Carlos Hernán Hernán Fajardo-Toro ◽  
Andrés Lopez Astudillo ◽  
Paloma María Teresa Martínez Sánchez ◽  
Paola Andrea Sánchez Sánchez ◽  
Alvaro José Fajardo-Toro
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
Case Based

Companies must deal with a high uncertainty caused by the characteristics of the markets and the economic, political, and social environment in which they offer their products and services. These characteristics are defined by the preferences of the consumers, which have a high variety coupled with the digital era. On the other hand, there is the necessity to implement measures that align the companies with the sustainability concepts, because of both legislations as well as the image that the customer could have of them. Due to this context, the organizations must find a way to optimize process and structures that require high flexibility given the need of combining perfect innovation, customization, standardization, and sustainability. Part of this planning process is the construction of forecast models that allows predicting with high precisión. In this chapter, a theoretical exposition is done and a literature revision of machine learning techniques is applied to try to solve the forecasting problem with special emphasis in neural networks and Case-Based Reasoning - CBR.

scholarly journals The social and political realities of marine spatial planning: some land-based reflections

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Kidd ◽  
Dave Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Planning Processes

Abstract This paper highlights the value for marine spatial planning (MSP) of engaging with terrestrial planning theory and practice. It argues that the traditions of reflection, critique, and debate that are a feature of land-based planning can inform the development of richer theoretical underpinnings of MSP as well as MSP practice. The case is illustrated by tempering the view that MSP can be a rational planning process that can follow universal principles and steps by presenting an alternative perspective that sees MSP as a social and political process that is highly differentiated and place-specific. This perspective is discussed with reference to four examples. First, the paper considers why history, culture, and administrative context lead to significant differences in how planning systems are organized. Second, it highlights that planning systems and processes tend to be in constant flux as they respond to changing social and political viewpoints. Third, it discusses why the integration ambitions which are central to “spatial” planning require detailed engagement with locally specific social and political circumstances. Fourth, it focuses on the political and social nature of plan implementation and how different implementation contexts need to inform the design of planning processes and the style of plans produced.

Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakah Saidu Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Public Affairs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Legal Code ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
External Forces

Abstract:The recent (2000) reenactment of the Shari'a legal code in twelve states of Northern Nigeria and the other expressions of Islam in public affairs in the region have been preceded by a long history that should also be understood as determined by the social and political conditions of specific stages in the evolution of the Nigerian social formation. This article attempts to explain Islamism in the region through such factors as Islamic identity for many Muslims, the competition over interpretation and representation of Islam, the nature of the Nigerian state and society, Muslim organizations and leadership, as well as the activities of other religious organizations (especially Christian evangelicals). In this regard, Islamism is driven essentially by internal (Nigerian) forces, even though external forces may have had an effect. The article argues that while Islamism poses major challenges to the Nigerian state and society, it has also exposed itself to challenges from both Muslims and Nigerian society as a whole.

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