Contrasting Time-Based and Distance-Based Measures for Quantifying Traffic Congestion Levels: Analysis of New Jersey Counties

2002 ◽  
Vol 1817 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. J. d'Abadie ◽  
Theodore F. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
The State ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Capacity Ratio ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Perception

Various approaches for quantifying congestion and how these different measures affect the perception of the problem are discussed. In a study done for the state of New Jersey, thresholds of the volume-capacity ratio on any given roadway were adopted to identify where congestion was occurring. The severity of this congestion was then analyzed by using both distance-based and time-based measures to describe the magnitude of the problems. It was found that the distance-based measures such as vehicle kilometers of travel indicated a relatively small amount of congestion to be present statewide. Time-based measures such as vehicle hours of travel in congestion revealed more severe problems, with more than half of total peak period travel time in many counties being spent in congested conditions. The time-based measures of congestion provided a stronger basis for more generalized conclusions. These measures indicated that much of the delay due to congestion in New Jersey could be attributed to the most severely congested locations in the state. These same time-based measures also strongly suggested that arterial roadways contribute far more to the overall congestion problem than previously reported. Time-based congestion measures provide a different perception on congestion, one in keeping with the common perception of the problem. Time-based congestion measures also provide stronger guidance on identifying major issues, enabling policy makers to better address problems within the state and solutions that are most likely to have the greatest impact.

Impact of Traffic Congestion on Bus Travel Time in Northern New Jersey

2004 ◽  
Vol 1884 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. McKnight ◽  
Herbert S. Levinson ◽  
Kaan Ozbay ◽  
Camille Kamga ◽  
Robert E. Paaswell
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Bus Travel Time

scholarly journals Traffic Congestion in Dar es Salaam: Implications for Workers’ Productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosea Mpogole ◽  
Samira Msangi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Travel Time Index ◽  
The City

Inadequately planned transport systems result to traffic congestion, a challenge that has for long been a thorn in Dar es Salaam, the city most affected in Tanzania. Although traffic congestion has been a major concern in Dar es Salaam, marked reluctance has been noticed in taking measures towards a lasting solution thus, it is of diminutive surprise that limited studies and documentations on the same are in existence. Therefore, this study assesses traffic congestion in Dar es Salaam and particularly its implications for workers’ productivity. Travel time and productivity indexes were established from a sample of 96 workers who used public transport along Morogoro and Mandela Roads. Travel time index (TTI) is the ratio of the average travel time during peak period to the travel time during off-peak period. Findings reveal that TTI was 2.19. Workers spent about 2 times of the average commuting time to work and 3 times of the same commuting from work to their various residences. About 2.5 hours were lost on traffic jam per day and that people worked 1.4 times less than the required time due to traffic congestion. It was further established that in 10 working days, almost 3 days were lost to traffic congestion. Since there are ongoing efforts to improve the transport system through the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project, it remains to be seen as to what extent traffic congestion will be reduced. In either case, this study provides a benchmark for comparisons.

THEY POURED THEMSELVES INTO THE MILK: ZULU POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY UNDER SHAKA

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL K. BJERK
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
The State ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Perception

This article synthesizes metaphors and practices surrounding human and bovine milk and semen appearing in the James Stuart Archive of Zulu oral history. The King's control of the flow of milk in society was the source of his power and the mechanism by which he controlled the state. A fluent understanding of this Zulu political philosophy in the Stuart Archive opens up a rich and underutilized source of historical information for Zulu history that adds significantly to prior studies. Parallels to these images in the Great Lakes region suggest a ‘milk complex’ rather than the common perception of a ‘cattle complex’.

scholarly journals The Influence of Inflexible Work Schedules and Land Use Design on Traffic Congestion in Kigali City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Bagenzi ◽  
Taslim Alade ◽  
Sylion Muramira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Work Schedules ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Travel Demand Management

Travel demand is still poorly managed in Kigali city. The other research that was done on traffic congestion in Kigali city aimed to regulate the supply side of the problem. However, this study aims to regulate the demand side of traffic congestion on Kimironko- CBD, Nyanza Kicukiro- CBD, and Gisozi- CBD roads in Kigali city where inflexibility of work schedules and land use design were presented as the main issues leading to traffic congestion. The statistical results of the study did not show any strong correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variables because of the limited number of respondents that undermined the relationships and the questionnaire data collected represented peak-period only hence social-economic variables did not show any relationship with travel time as proved by other empirical studies. However, using the data from interviews, questionnaires, ArcGIS Pro, and secondary data, the study shows that there is a significant relationship between inflexible work schedules, land use design, and traffic congestion where departure time choice, commuting distance, land use mix, and connectivity has influenced significantly travel time and level of service. All the 3 roads under study are congested where Gisozi-CBD road is the most congested and Kicukiro-CBD road is the least congested. This study supports the view that traffic congestion can not only be regulated by focusing on the supply side of traffic congestion but balancing both the demand and supply side of the problem. However, travel demand management that aims to reduce unnecessary trips is the pillar to achieve sustainable mobility which focuses on the movement of people and goods rather than the movement of cars. 

scholarly journals Travel Behavior of Car Travelers with the Presence of Park-and-Ride Facilities and Autonomous Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Hamadneh ◽  
Domokos Esztergár-Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
People Search ◽  
Parking Pricing ◽  
The Impact

Travelers' behavior is predicted based on their individual preferences. People search for alternatives to maximize their benefit from doing activities, such as increasing the activity time by minimizing the travel time. Traffic congestion and the scarcity of parking spaces in the city center motivate the decision-makers to encourage travelers to use the park-and-ride (P&R) system. An evaluation concerning the impact of using the P&R system on the travel behavior of car users is conducted. Some of the existing P&R facilities are incorporated into the daily activity plans of car travelers to produce new daily activity plans (i.e., P&R facility is considered an activity). By using the Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) open-source tool, simulations of the daily activity plans including the P&R system and autonomous vehicles (AVs) are conducted. The study examines three scenarios: (1) a simulation of the existing condition, (2) a simulation of the daily activity plans of the travelers with the P&R system, and (3) a simulation of the daily activity plans of the travelers with the P&R system and AVs. The results show that using the P&R system increases the overall travel time compared with the existing conditions, and the use of AVs as a transport mode impacts the existing modal share as follows: 64 % of the car users switch to AVs, while 15 % of the car users switch to public transport. The output of this study might be used by policy-makers in parking pricing and the location of the P&R facilities.

Advancements in the Management of Dredged Material in the State of New Jersey

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Gaffney ◽  
Edward S. Gorleski ◽  
Genevieve Boehm Clifton
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
The State ◽  
Dredged Material

The Development of Slovenia in the European Union: Social Aspects

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Iryna Butyrska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Regime Stability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The author proves that the successful stability of independent Slovenia contributed to a number of factors, existing since its being incorporated in the SFRY. The factor, uniting the state has become the common goal – the aspiration to join the EU. The process of the European integration contributed to the modernization of a number of spheres, in particular social, cultural and economic ones. The global financial and economic crisis has revealed the turmoil in the economy of the state and its leadership was forced to gradually reduce a significant part of social privileges for the population. This caused the tension in the society and reduced the level of the national unity, having a negative impact on people’s wellbeing. However, since 2014, the Prime Minister M. Cherar has been trying to restore people’s trust in the state. The situation is getting better; indicators of trust in government are increasing, which also points to state capacity and political regime stability in Slovenia. Keywords: Slovenia, state stability, social sphere, government

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