Assessment and Reuse of Old Foundations

2000 ◽  
Vol 1736 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard H. Hertlein ◽  
William H. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Drilled Shafts ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Nondestructive Tests ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Foundation Type ◽  
Timber Piles

Little is known about the foundations beneath many historic buildings and bridges. For rehabilitation projects, it is important to know the nature of the foundation system and its condition. In replacement projects, cost savings and sometimes environmental benefits can be gained from the reuse of existing foundations in new structures. In large cities, almost any new construction involves the demolition of a previous structure, which poses the problem of what to do with the old foundations. Many are too deep to be removed economically, and some are almost certain to be in the way of proposed new foundations. It is therefore a great advantage if they can be incorporated into the new design, but to do this, the engineer must have accurate information about the foundation type and depth to estimate load-bearing capacity. The authors have worked on a number of projects in the last few years that have included increasing the load on or reusing existing foundations. Information about foundation type and depth has been gained from the use of specialized nondestructive tests. In many cases, the authors also had access to archive information that included soil borings in the vicinity to correlate with test data. The methods used to assess existing foundations and allow their inclusion in the design of new foundation systems are discussed, and case histories are given for concrete drilled shafts, timber piles, and steel sheet piles.

Risks and benefits of vegan and vegetarian diets in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mairead E. Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Vegetarian Diets

In parallel with increased public awareness of the health and environmental benefits of consuming a plant-based diet, the numbers of people who identify as vegan has increased sharply. The question of whether vegetarian and vegan diets are appropriate for children is a longstanding and unresolved controversy. The more restrictive the diet and the younger the child, the greater the risk of nutritional deficiency. Nutrients of potential concern are protein quantity and quality, iron, zinc, selenium, calcium, riboflavin, vitamins A, D, B12 and essential fatty acids. Although intakes and status of some nutrients (e.g. vitamin D and iron) are low in many children, vegan children are particularly susceptible due to inadequate supply and/or excess dietary fibre as well as other components that limit bioavailability. Although position papers from North America state that well-planned vegetarian and vegan diets, supplemented appropriately, are suitable for all life stages, European statements include strong recommendations to parents that vegan diets should not be adopted by children without medical and dietetic supervision. Case histories of malnutrition and serious harm persist, including irreversible neurological damage due to vitamin B12 deficiency among un-supplemented children. The evidence available to evaluate the nutritional appropriateness of vegetarian diets for children is inadequate and dated. Although nutritionally adequate vegetarian diets are more easily achieved, successful provision of a complete vegan diet for a young child requires substantial commitment, expert guidance, planning, resources and supplementation.

scholarly journals Socio-Technical Viability Framework for Micro Hydropower in Group Water-Energy Schemes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4222
Author(s):  
Kemi Adeyeye ◽  
John Gallagher ◽  
Aonghus McNabola ◽  
Helena M. Ramos ◽  
Paul Coughlan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Water Networks ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Sustainability Strategy ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Political Dimensions

Most renewable energy (RE) studies focus on technology readiness, environmental benefits and/or cost savings. The market permeation, viability and adoption of RE technologies such as micro hydropower (MHP), however, require the alignment of other interrelated factors, such as the socio-technical, institutional and political dimensions. This is particularly the case where the energy recovery potential in decentralised water networks is being explored as part of a wholesome sustainability strategy by and for individual and communal prosumers. This study employs a socio-technical approach to understand factors that influence the perceived viability and adoption of MHP in group water-energy schemes. Methods included a progressive literature review to formulate a conceptual framework for the implementation of MHP systems. The framework was validated using survey data from representative stakeholders from groups schemes in Ireland and Spain. These stakeholders were sampled and surveyed at the stage of considering the adoption of MHP in their water networks. The findings highlight the push–pull factors and discusses the opportunities and barriers to the adoption of MHP systems. It confirms that the market, institutional and policy context, cost and financial benefits, social support and collaborative services combine to influence the adoption of MHP technology. Thus, a framework for evaluating the socio-technical viability of MHP systems based on these more realistic integrated, multi-dimensional criteria is proposed.

scholarly journals Self-fill oxygen technology: benefits for patients, healthcare providers and the environment

Breathe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Murphie ◽  
Nick Hex ◽  
Jo Setters ◽  
Stuart Little
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
List Type ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Unlimited Supply ◽  
Technology Benefits

“Non-delivery” home oxygen technologies that allow self-filling of ambulatory oxygen cylinders are emerging. They can offer a relatively unlimited supply of ambulatory oxygen in suitably assessed people who require long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), providing they can use these systems safely and effectively. This allows users to be self-sufficient and facilitates longer periods of time away from home. The evolution and evidence base of this technology is reported with the experience of a national service review in Scotland (UK). Given that domiciliary oxygen services represent a significant cost to healthcare providers globally, these systems offer potential cost savings, are appealing to remote and rural regions due to the avoidance of cylinder delivery and have additional lower environmental impact due to reduced fossil fuel consumption and subsequently reduced carbon emissions. Evidence is emerging that self-fill/non-delivery oxygen systems can meet the ambulatory oxygen needs of many patients using LTOT and can have a positive impact on quality of life, increase time spent away from home and offer significant financial savings to healthcare providers.Educational aimsProvide update for oxygen prescribers on options for home oxygen provision.Provide update on the evidence base for available self-fill oxygen technologies.Provide and update for healthcare commissioners on the potential cost-effective and environmental benefits of increased utilisation of self-fill oxygen systems.

Use of permeable, reservoir pavement constructions for stormwater treatment and storage for re-use

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Permeable surfaces for roads and footpaths have been used as a means of disposal of stormwater in developed urban areas. Such surfaces provide an alternative to impermeable concrete or tarmacadam surfaces which would otherwise produce rapid stormwater runoff, leading to possible flooding and degeneration of receiving water quality through the uncontrolled discharge of polluted urban waters. A further advantage may be obtained from such constructions by undersealing them so as to retain stormwater for re-use for non-potable uses. The potential for general introduction of this type of storage and re-use system in residential areas is discussed and possible alternative designs for the drainage infrastructure proposed. To have widespread impact such a strategy must deliver cost savings as well as reduce the impact on the water environment of anticipated water usage demands. The source of such cost savings and the general environmental benefits of such systems will be presented. The materials used in such a sealed construction and the beneficial changes to the stored water quality are outlined. Recent work has also shown that where the pavement is used for car parking any oils dropped on the surface and washed into the structure by the stormwater may also be degraded. Details will be given of a site in the UK where the above construction is to be used to provide stormwater storage for re-use in flushing toilets at a Youth Hostel.

scholarly journals Sustainable Housing: Understanding the Barriers to Adopting Net Zero Energy Homes in Ontario, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Ranjita Singh ◽  
Philip Walsh ◽  
Christina Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Home Owner ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero

Buildings in Canada account for a significant amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net zero energy building technology has been identified as part of the solution. This study presents a conceptual model identifying barriers to the adoption of net zero energy housing and tests it by administering a survey to 271 participants in a net zero energy housing demonstration project in Toronto, Canada. Using multivariate correlation and multi-linear regression analyses this study finds that of all the innovation adoption variables it was the construction and design quality that was the most significant contributor to the adoption of a net zero energy home by a potential home owner. This study found that the (a) extra cost compared to a conventional home, b) lack of knowledge about the technology associated with a net zero energy home or (c) not knowing someone who owned a net zero energy home were not significant barriers to accepting net zero energy homes. Our results suggest that policy-makers should promote the diffusion of net zero energy home technology by encouraging housing developers to include net zero energy homes in their collection of model homes, with an emphasis on quality design and construction. Furthermore, engaging in trust building initiatives such as education and knowledge about the technology, its related energy cost savings, and the environmental benefits would contribute to a greater acceptance of net zero energy homes.

scholarly journals Recycling of construction and demolition waste during renovation of territories and pavements of large cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitali Chulkov ◽  
Bakhruz Nazirov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

In the process of urbanization of large cities in different countries, there are similar problems of reorganization, involving the demolition of physically and morally obsolete buildings and structures, as well as the subsequent construction reorganization of the territories vacated or re-cut to the city. In the process of demolition of obsolete buildings and structures, as well as the construction of new buildings, inevitably significant amounts of waste and construction debris arise that should be recycled as much as possible into secondary building materials (to carry out the so-called «recycling» of waste). Types of construction reorganization of urban areas are divided into traditional, widely known and standardized (repair, reconstruction, restoration), and innovative, arising in the processes of reorganization of society. Among the innovative types of construction reorganization, renovation is currently the most relevant, meeting the need to renovate the dilapidated housing stock of cities. The article discusses the main types of construction waste generated during demolition and new construction, as well as the technologies used for recycling these wastes during the renovation of territories and pavements of large cities.

Metal Line Interconnects Produced by Means of Printable Copper Precursor Solutions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Tiwari ◽  
Constantine Megaridis ◽  
Prodyut Majumder ◽  
Christos Takoudis ◽  
John Belot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Metal Line ◽  
Printed Circuits ◽  
Damascene Process ◽  
Planar Substrate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Printing Techniques

Patterned metal films are essential to a wide range of applications, from printed circuits and thin film displays in large area electronics, to electrodes in biomedical implants. Current fabrication techniques are usually photolithographic, and rely on either patterning a blanket metal film or patterning a planar substrate into which the metal is deposited, followed by polishing away excess metal (the "Damascene" process). However, photolithographic techniques are expensive and more suitable for relatively small substrates. Conventional printing techniques such as inkjet, flexographic, offset and screen printing for both printable metal films and emergent organic elements, have lower resolution, but offer advantages of flexibility, overall cost savings, scalability to large substrates or those with complex topologies. In addition, these methods have environmental benefits [1].

scholarly journals A prospective clinical, cost and environmental analysis of a clinician-led virtual urology clinic

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Miah ◽  
C Dunford ◽  
M Edison ◽  
D Eldred-Evans ◽  
C Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Urology Clinic ◽  
Virtual Clinic

Introduction A virtual clinic is a form of telemedicine where contact between clinical teams and patients occur without face-to-face consultation. Our study aims to quantify the clinical, financial and environmental benefits of our virtual urology clinic. Material and methods We collected data prospectively from our weekly follow-up virtual clinic over a continuous four-month period between July and September 2017. Results In total, we reviewed 409 patients. Following virtual clinic consultation, 68.5% of our patients were discharged from further follow-up. The majority of our patients (male 57.7%, female 55.5%) were of working age. The satisfaction scores were high, at 90.1%, and there were no reported adverse events as a result of using the virtual clinic. Our calculated cost savings were £18,744, with a predicted 12-month cost saving of £56,232. The creation of additional face-to-face clinic capacity has created an estimated 12-month increase in tariff generation for our unit of £72,072. In total, 4623 travel miles were avoided by patients using the virtual clinic, with an estimated avoided carbon footprint of 0.35–1.45 metric tonnes of CO2e, depending on mode of transport. Our predicted 12-month avoided carbon footprint is 1.04–4.04 metric tonnes of CO2e. Conclusions Our virtual clinic model has demonstrated a trifecta of positive outcomes, namely, clinical, financial and environmental benefits. The environmental importance and benefits of a virtual clinic should be promoted as a social enterprise value when engaging stakeholders in setting up such a urological service. We propose the adoption of our virtual clinic model in those urological units considering this method of telemedicine.

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