Are Travel Times and Distances to Work Greater for Residents of Poor Urban Neighborhoods?

2000 ◽  
Vol 1718 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad J. Khattak ◽  
Virginie J. Amerlynck ◽  
Roberto G. Quercia
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Central City ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The People ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Undue Burden ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
Analysis Models

The commuting patterns of low-income urban residents are discussed. On the basis of the spatial mismatch hypothesis, the question of whether central city low-income residents face an undue burden of commuting cost (time and distance) to work compared with the rest of the population is examined. Data from the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey were used in the analysis. Models explaining travel time and distance to work are combined with a model explaining the probability of being employed on the basis of individual and neighborhood characteristics, thus correcting for sample selectivity. In general, it was found that urban residents are less likely to work than their suburban counterparts. Among the people who work, residents of low-income urban neighborhoods commute longer and farther than residents of low-income suburban neighborhoods. The average differences for the residents of the lowest-income neighborhoods are only 6 min and 2 mi (3 km). On the basis of the value of time, it is concluded that these national differences are not too large. The undue commute burden faced by residents of low-income neighborhoods may be shown to be a greater problem in some metropolitan areas than in others, suggesting further research at the metropolitan or regional level.

scholarly journals Investigating Sustainable Commuting Patterns by Socio-Economic Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Jang ◽  
Fei Yuan ◽  
Jose Javier Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Central City ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This research aims to analyze how modes of transportation differ according to socio-economic factors in an urban space. The study area is Ramsey County, the most densely populated county in Minnesota. The primary data used were from the recent 2012–2016 Census Transportation Planning Products (CTPP). We performed regression models to identify the relationship between mode of transport and socio-economic variables, and further analyzed disaggregate trip data to provide a more realistic evaluation of commuting patterns by use of multiple variables in combination. The research found that sustainable commuting patterns correlated significantly with both poverty and minority group status, but bore no significant relationship to older workers. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between commuting alone by car with both minority group status and older workers, but not with poverty. This research also confirmed that the sustainable commuting patterns of the working poor were mostly located in the downtown area, while causes of low-income workers driving alone typically involved much longer commutes to and from points throughout the study area, suggesting that more efficient commutes are a significant quality of life factor for the urban poor when evaluating residential and employment opportunities in the central city.

PEMANFAATAN RUANG PUBLIK SEBAGAI WADAH TRANSAKSI KULINER PADA LURUNG KAMPUNG PAJEKSAN – JOGONEGARAN, YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Septi Kurniawati Nurhadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Central City ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
The People ◽  
Usage Patterns

Abstract : Pajeksan and Jogonegaran kampongs are located in central city of Yogyakarta, while the lurung Pajeksan – Jogonegaran kampongs is the border as well as the main axis for the people living that are currently evolving as the houses for workers in the Malioboro area. The beneficial usage of the lurung has grown as the fulfillment of the people’s need for food. The usage is increasing and posing an intervention on the lurung space. This research is aimed to discover the use and the influence of culinary transaction space, culinary activity and form of element transaction space in the community of lurung Pajeksan - Jogonegaran kampongs. This is done by using the Behavior mapping. The result of identifying and analyzing is use to obtain the special characteristic that happen in the society so that they are able to keep their existence. The usage patterns of public space as the culinary transaction space in lurung Pajeksan - Jogonegaran kampongs is linier and it follows the shape of an elongated lurung with the greatest usage occurs at the junction of the driveway towards the kampongs. The usage of the lurung is directly related to the aspect of environment, neighborhood, and economic aspectKeyword : Lurung Pajeksan – Jogonegaran,The Usage of Lurung, and Culinary Transaction Space Abstrak: Kampung Pajeksan dan Jogonegaran merupakan dua kampung yang terletak di pusat kota Yogyakarta, sedangkan lurung kampung Pajeksan – Jogonegaran merupakan batas sekaligus menjadi poros utama kehidupan warga yang saat ini kampung tersebut berkembang sebagai hunian bagi pekerja di kawasan Malioboro. Pemanfaatan lurung berkembang sebagai pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan warga kampung. Pemanfaatan tersebut kian meningkat dan menimbulkan intervensi ruang pada badan lurung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan dan pengaruh wadah transaksi kuliner, aktivitas kuliner serta elemen pembentuk wadah transaksi yang dilakukan masyarakat pada lurung kampung Pajeksan–Jogonegaran. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Behavior mapping. Hasil identifikasi dan analisis tersebut digunakan untuk memperoleh kekhasan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat sehingga dapat mempertahankan keberlangsungannya. Pola pemanfaatan ruang publik sebagai wadah transaksi kuliner yang terdapat pada lurung kampung Pajeksan – Jogonegaran berbentuk linier memanjang yang mengikuti bentuk lurung dengan pemanfaatan terbesar terjadi pada persimpangan menuju jalan masuk kampung. Pemanfaatan tersebut tidak terlepas dari aspek lingkungan,ketetanggaan,dan ekonomi.Kata Kunci: Lurung kampung Pajeksan - Jogonegaran, Pemanfaatan lurung, dan Wadah Transaksi Kuliner.

URBAN DISPLACEMENT AND LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF THE AMERICAN CITY FROM THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Knight ◽  
Mohammad Gharipour
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

How can urban redevelopment benefit existing low-income communities? The history of urban redevelopment is one of disruption of poor communities. Renewal historically offered benefits to the place while pushing out the people. In some cases, displacement is intentional, in others it is unintentional. Often, it is the byproduct of the quest for profits. Regardless of motives, traditional communities, defined by cultural connections, are often disrupted. Disadvantaged neighborhoods include vacant units, which diminish the community and hold back investment. In the postwar period, American cities entered into a program of urban renewal. While this program cleared blight, it also drove displacement among the cities’ poorest and was particularly hard on minority populations clustered in downtown slums. The consequences of these decisions continue to play out today. Concentration of poverty is increasing and American cities are becoming more segregated. As neighborhoods improve, poorer residents are uprooted and forced into even more distressed conditions, elsewhere. This paper examines the history of events impacting urban communities. It further reviews the successes and failures of efforts to benefit low-income communities.

Penerapan Weighted Sum Model (WSM) Dalam Penentuan Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Mesran Mesran ◽  
Suginam Suginam ◽  
Surya Darma Nasution ◽  
Andsyah Putera Utama Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
The People ◽  
Community Health Insurance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting

Community Health Insurance is one of the government programs for the people of Indonesia in obtaining treatment services at Puskesmas. The program is very helpful for people who are low income and live below the poverty line. Indicators for the government in providing this service consists of 10 (ten) criteria that are House Ownership Status, Floor Area per Household Member, Type of Floor of House, Type of Wall House, Lighting House Used, Fuel Used, Frequency Of Eating In A Day, Ability Buy meat/chicken/milk in a week, Employment of head of household, Education of head of household. In the application, of course, has constraints in deciding who the participants who get the Jamkesmas service. With the application of one of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) able to overcome obstacles faced by government. Some methods of MCDM such as Simple Additive Weighting(SAW), Weighted Product(WP), Weighted Sum Model(WSM) can solve this problem. By applying the WSM is relatively easy and fast, is believed to be able to get the best results.

scholarly journals Park Proximity and Use for Physical Activity among Urban Residents: Associations with Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4885
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Orstad ◽  
Kristin Szuhany ◽  
Kosuke Tamura ◽  
Lorna E. Thorpe ◽  
Melanie Jay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
New York ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Park Use ◽  
Random Digit Dial

Increasing global urbanization limits interaction between people and natural environments, which may negatively impact population health and wellbeing. Urban residents who live near parks report better mental health. Physical activity (PA) reduces depression and improves quality of life. Despite PA’s protective effects on mental health, the added benefit of urban park use for PA is unclear. Thus, we examined whether park-based PA mediated associations between park proximity and mental distress among 3652 New York City residents (61.4% 45 + years, 58.9% female, 56.3% non-white) who completed the 2010–2011 Physical Activity and Transit (PAT) random-digit-dial survey. Measures included number of poor mental health days in the previous month (outcome), self-reported time to walk to the nearest park from home (exposure), and frequency of park use for sports, exercise or PA (mediator). We used multiple regression with bootstrap-generated 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals (BC CIs) to test for mediation by park-based PA and moderation by gender, dog ownership, PA with others, and perceived park crime. Park proximity was indirectly associated with fewer days of poor mental health via park-based PA, but only among those not concerned about park crime (index of moderated mediation = 0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% BC CI = 0.01, 0.10). Investment in park safety and park-based PA promotion in urban neighborhoods may help to maximize the mental health benefits of nearby parks.

Institutionalization and Evangelization in the Argentine Church: Córdoba Under Zenón Bustos, 1905-1919

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-381
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Liebscher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Central City ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
National Leadership ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

To the dismay of today's social progressives, the Argentine Catholic church addresses the moral situation of its people but also shies away from specific political positions or other hint of secular involvement. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the church set out to secure its place in national leadership by strengthening religious institutions and withdrawing clergy from politics. The church struggled to overcome a heritage of organizational weakness in order to promote evangelization, that is, to extend its spiritual influence within Argentina. The bishop of the central city of Córdoba, Franciscan Friar Zenón Bustos y Ferreyra (1905-1925), reinforced pastoral care, catechesis, and education. After 1912, as politics became more heated, Bustos insisted that priests abstain from partisan activities and dedicate themselves to ministry. The church casts itself in the role of national guardian, not of the government, but of the faith and morals of the people.

Seeking Health Advice From Social Networks in Low-income Urban Neighborhoods

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Cook-Craig ◽  
Gretchen Ely ◽  
Chris Flaherty ◽  
Mark Dignan ◽  
Carol R. White
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Health Advice

Abstract 183: School-Centered CPR Education to Improve Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in High-Risk Neighborhoods

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Califf ◽  
René Ramon ◽  
Wendy Morrison ◽  
Ariann Nassel ◽  
Comilla Sasson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
The People ◽  
Cpr Training ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background: Low-income and Latino neighborhoods are at high risk for having low provision of bystander CPR for victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Novel community-based intervention is needed in these neighborhoods to increase awareness of CPR techniques and, ultimately, to decrease mortality from OHCA. Objective: To determine the feasibility of a train-the-trainer hands-only CPR program as a required assignment in a middle school. Methods: Design: Prospective survey-based interventional study. Setting: Public charter school in the Denver, CO metropolitan area. Population: Cohort of 118 subjects was recruited out of 134 eligible seventh grade students. Observations: Participants completed a 6-question test to assess baseline knowledge of CPR. Subjects then completed a group hands-only CPR training lasting 1 hour using the CPR Anytime kit, which included both an educational DVD and hands-on practical skills training with an inflatable mannequin. Participants were then asked to use these kits to train other community members over a 2-week period. At the end of the study, students were asked to complete the same 6-question survey to assess their retention of knowledge. Two-sample t-tests were conducted to assess for differences in hands-only CPR knowledge pre- and post-CPR training. Results: Demographics are given for the entire seventh grade class ( Table 1 ). Students were mostly white (71.6%), and 11 (8.2%) participated in the Free & Reduced Lunch program. Of 134 seventh graders attending the school, 118 (88%) completed a pre-intervention survey and 74 (55%) completed a post-intervention survey. Between the surveys, the mean number of questions answered correctly increased ( Table 2 ), as did performance on the question asking where to place AED pads on the chest (p < .001). Students performed poorest in both pre- and post-testing on identifying the appropriate situation for performing hands-only CPR. Conclusion: Implementation of a school-based train-the-trainee CPR education program is a feasible endeavor. Students demonstrated increased knowledge of CPR techniques two weeks after training compared to baseline. Future studies will need to be conducted to assess the people who are then trained by these students using the CPR Anytime Kits.

scholarly journals Tracking job and housing dynamics with smartcard data

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (50) ◽  
pp. 12710-12715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
David Levinson ◽  
Jiaoe Wang ◽  
Jiangping Zhou ◽  
Zi-jia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Home Location ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Behavioral Preference ◽  
Data Tracking ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
Housing Expenditure

Residential locations, the jobs–housing relationship, and commuting patterns are key elements to understand urban spatial structure and how city dwellers live. Their successive interaction is important for various fields including urban planning, transport, intraurban migration studies, and social science. However, understanding of the long-term trajectories of workplace and home location, and the resulting commuting patterns, is still limited due to lack of year-to-year data tracking individual behavior. With a 7-y transit smartcard dataset, this paper traces individual trajectories of residences and workplaces. Based on in-metro travel times before and after job and/or home moves, we find that 45 min is an inflection point where the behavioral preference changes. Commuters whose travel time exceeds the point prefer to shorten commutes via moves, while others with shorter commutes tend to increase travel time for better jobs and/or residences. Moreover, we capture four mobility groups: home mover, job hopper, job-and-residence switcher, and stayer. This paper studies how these groups trade off travel time and housing expenditure with their job and housing patterns. Stayers with high job and housing stability tend to be home (apartment unit) owners subject to middle- to high-income groups. Home movers work at places similar to stayers, while they may upgrade from tenancy to ownership. Switchers increase commute time as well as housing expenditure via job and home moves, as they pay for better residences and work farther from home. Job hoppers mainly reside in the suburbs, suffer from long commutes, change jobs frequently, and are likely to be low-income migrants.

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