Side-Impact Crash Test and Evaluation Criteria for Roadside Safety Hardware

1998 ◽  
Vol 1647 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm H. Ray ◽  
Martin W. Hargrave ◽  
John F. Carney ◽  
K. Hiranmayee
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Roadside Hardware ◽  
Crash Tests

During the past decade, reducing the severity of side-impact collisions has been an emerging area of research by a variety of organizations and research communities. The motor vehicle manufacturing and regulatory communities in the United States, Europe, and many other countries have developed dynamic side-impact test and evaluation criteria to reduce the severity of vehicle-to-vehicle side-impact collisions. Similarly, the international research community has developed test procedures for performing impacts into poles, one of the most severe types of side-impact collisions. Preliminary side-impact test and evaluation procedures have been conducted for roadside safety hardware, like guardrails, guardrail terminals, luminaire supports, utility poles, and signs. Recommendations for performing roadside hardware side-impact crash tests are summarized; the results of several side-impact roadside hardware crash tests are described; the proposed test and evaluation procedures are compared with other major side-impact test and evaluation procedures; and areas requiring further research are discussed.

Crashworthiness Determination of Side Doors and B Pillar of a Vehicle Subjected to Pole Side Impact

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Lilehkoohi ◽  
A.A. Faieza ◽  
B.B. Sahari ◽  
A.A. Nuraini ◽  
M. Halali
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Occupant Protection ◽  
Euro Ncap ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Static Object ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Crash Tests

Pole Side Impact Test is one out of three crash tests described by Euro NCAP standard for star rating of a vehicle and is required for assessing the Adult Occupant Protection. In this paper the goal is to determine the crashworthiness of side doors and B pillar in a Pole Side Impact Test based on Euro New Car Assessment Program (Euro-NCAP) using computer and simulation method. In this matter, a vehicle model has been prepared and meshed using Hypermesh and CATIA. The velocity of 29 km/h has been assigned to the vehicle which was on top of a cart while the pole has been assigned as a rigid static object based on Euro NCAP requirements specifically. Results show that different amounts of energy will be absorbed by each part, such as the side doors and the B pillar, and each part has a different effect on the crashworthiness of the vehicle in a Pole Side Impact Test. It can be concluded that to increase the amount of absorbed energy in a Pole Side Impact Test, the part which has more influence should be taken into greater consideration.

Finite Element Simulation of Pelvic Fractures in Side Impact

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ho Kim ◽  
Jong-Eun Kim ◽  
Alan W. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pelvic Fractures ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Skeletal Injury ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Serious Injury

Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the most common cause of serious injury (Healthy People, 2010). Moffat et al. (1990) estimated that, in 1985 alone, 15,300 pelvic fractures occurred during MVCs in the United States. Since the early 1990’s, the incidence of pelvic fractures has significantly increased (Inaba et al., 2004), which is alarming since more patients die from pelvic fracture than from any other skeletal injury (Cryer, 1996).

NCHRP Report 350 Compliance Tests of the ET-2000

1996 ◽  
Vol 1528 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayes E. Ross ◽  
Wanda L. Menges ◽  
D. Lance Bullard
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests

The ET-2000 is one of the end treatments currently approved for use with W-beam guardrail systems. The ET-2000 has successfully met all evaluation criteria set forth in NCHRP Report 230. However, with the adoption of NCHRP Report 350 by FHWA as the official guidelines for crash testing of roadside safety features, it became necessary to reevaluate the ET-2000 to the new guidelines. It is noted that one of the design test vehicles specified in NCHRP Report 230, the 2044-kg passenger car, was replaced by a 2000-kg pickup truck (2000P) under NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The purpose of the crash tests was to evaluate the ET-2000 according to NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The ET-2000 met NCHRP Report 350 criteria for Performance Level 3 without any design modifications. All findings in this study demonstrate that the impact performance of the ET-2000 was satisfactory.

Evaluating Human Risk in Side Impact Collisions with Roadside Objects

2000 ◽  
Vol 1720 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm H. Ray ◽  
Kamarajuggada Hiranmayee
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Test Evaluation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Conservative Values ◽  
Crash Tests

Full-scale crash tests are traditionally used to assess the danger posed by roadside object. Crash test evaluation criteria should relate the observable response of the vehicle and the struck object to the likely risk of injury to vehicle occupants in similar real-world collisions. Side impact collisions are particularly serious impacts, but no evaluation guidelines exist. A simple method is presented for determining human risk in a side impact collision with a roadside object from the velocity profile of the impacted face of the struck object. This method not only eliminates the use of anthropometric test devices in crash tests, but also gives conservative values to account for the variable occupant position at the time of impact.

Safety Effectiveness of Upgrading Guardrail Terminals to NCHRP Report 350 Standards

2000 ◽  
Vol 1720 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Malcolm H. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Fatal Injury ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Crash Tests ◽  
Highway System

Developing safe and effective guardrail terminals has been a high priority of roadside safety researchers for several decades. Numerous full-scale crash tests have been performed, and many types of new terminals have been developed. In recent years, the FHWA has formalized the evaluation and certification process for roadside safety hardware, meaning that all guardrail terminals used on the National Highway System must satisfy the full-scale crash test and evaluation requirements of NCHRP Report 350. Although the newer guardrail terminals undoubtedly have better full-scale crash test performance, the relevancy to reducing serious and fatal injuries in real-world guardrail terminal collisions is not quite as clear. The in-service performance of guardrail terminals was evaluated to determine if upgrading the terminals to NCHRP Report 350 standards would reduce serious and fatal injury accidents.

scholarly journals Personal Watercraft Incident Court Decisions: The Plaintiff’s Odds?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5096
Author(s):  
Eui-Yul Choi ◽  
Woo Jeong Cho
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Personal Watercraft ◽  
Successful Adults ◽  
Significant Factors

A personal watercraft (PWC) is a vessel that uses an inboard motor powering a water jet pump as a source of power and is operated by a person sitting, standing, or kneeling. Maneuvering a PWC is different from operating a motor vehicle or boat. An obstacle cannot be avoided by slowing down and turning the watercraft; throttle power is required to turn or maneuver the PWC. The watercraft stops only by drifting or turning sharply. The study examined sixty court decisions published in LexisNexis databases of the United States over the last decade. Cases included individuals injured while operating a PWC as a driver, passenger, or as a result of contact with a watercraft. A content analysis identified items to be used in the study. Crosstab and logistic regression analyses were used to identify demographic information and the characteristics of those who succeeded in a court of law. One-third of the cases were successful; adults, males, and the party who sustained a severe injury were more successful in a court of law with the exception of the statistically significant factors (high risk maneuvers and sharp turns). Among the additional results, we should be aware that insurance companies may not pay; additionally, it is unwise to loan a PWC to a female who has no experience.

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