Investigation of Freeway Incident Characteristics and Their Influence in Planning an Incident Management Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 1634 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raktim Pal ◽  
Steven P. Latoski ◽  
Kumares C. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Data

Nonrecurrent congestion caused by highway incidents is a major concern for transportation agencies and millions of road users in most metropolitan areas in the United States. Incidents account for 60 percent of congestion-induced delay. As a low-cost approach to incident management, freeway service patrol programs have gained wide popularity. However, information on freeway incident characteristics is limited. In the current paper, incident data recorded by the Hoosier Helper program in north-west Indiana is analyzed. The distributions of incident frequency and clearance time by incident type and lateral location are reported. The variation of incident rate with time of the day is examined, and the influence of various factors affecting the frequency and clearance time of incidents is explored. Recommendations are made to improve the freeway service patrol program, based on the incident data analyzed. The information provided in this study may be useful for planning similar patrol programs in other metropolitan areas in Indiana and other states.

Is Cost of Living Related to Living Alone Among Older Persons? Evidence From the Elder Economic Security Standard Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. 2495-2511
Author(s):  
Jan E. Mutchler ◽  
Jiyoung Lyu ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Jeffrey A. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Standard Index ◽  
Security Standard

This study examines whether the cost of living is related to the probability of living alone among unmarried persons age 65 years and older in the United States. Cost of living is measured at the metropolitan area level by the Elder Economic Security Standard Index, which takes into account geographic variability in cost of housing, food, transportation, and medical care. Using multilevel modeling, we find that higher cost of living is related to a lower likelihood of living alone net of personal resources. Results also show that the gap in the likelihood of living alone between high- and low-income older adults is slightly lessened in low-cost metropolitan areas. We conclude that the price of “purchasing privacy” is substantially higher in some metropolitan areas than in others. These findings inform policies designed to help older adults age in place.

PIPELINES AND PIPEDREAMS

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
A. E. Ranson
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
North West ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
The Cost

There is little Australian experience to work on but the available evidence indicates that the capital cost of installing pipelines in Australia is well in excess of the cost of building similar size lines in the United States. The terrain in which the line is being laid is an important factor in total cost.The costs of operating a gas pipeline are essentially determined by the cost of installation of the line and the cost of the funds used. The first of these factors is largely outside the control of the operator although it does have some discretion in areas such as the source of the pipe to be used. The cost of the funds used in a project is dependent on the status of the owner and while private pipeline owners have tended to be low cost borrowers, government bodies should be able to obtain better rates of interest. However, the source of government funds is limited and the allocation of these funds should be determined by suitable tests of social and economic benefits.Given the capital and financial costs of a pipeline the unit cost of transporting gas is a direct function of throughput and the variation in that throughput.Even under generous usage assumptions, the pipe which is projected to join the North West Shelf to the East Coast will not be economic for many years. Provision of funds from consolidated revenue and other devices will not reduce the costs but merely divert them to taxpayers. Pipelines to some of the more remote areas will probably never be economic.

Distribution of High-Volume Ankle Replacement Surgeons in United States Metropolitan Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 193864002095015
Author(s):  
Brandon Stein ◽  
Jeremy Somerson ◽  
Cory Janney ◽  
Vinod Panchbhavi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Ankle Osteoarthritis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ankle Replacement ◽  
American Orthopaedic ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

Background Ankle osteoarthritis is increasing, thus creating greater demand for high-volume total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) surgeons. The Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data Public Use File (MPUPD-PUF) provides volume and reimbursement data for procedures performed by physicians participating in Medicare. This study analyzes surgeon prevalence, surgeon distribution, and factors affecting surgeon prevalence in metropolitan areas. Methods The MPUPD-PUF was reviewed from 2012 to 2015, and data were extracted for physicians performing ≥11 TAA procedures. Physicians in metropolitan areas (population >1 million) were grouped together, and reimbursement, number of high-volume surgeons, and procedures were calculated. Presence of an American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) fellowship program was analyzed for associations with high-volume TAA surgeons. Results Fifty-three surgeons performed ≥11 TAA procedures (1,960 total) covered by Medicare. Of these surgeons, 66% practice in metropolitan areas with a population >1 million. Fifty-one percent of US major metropolitan areas contained no surgeon who submitted >10 traditional Medicare claims for TAA. Areas with an AOFAS fellowship had nominally more TAA claims submitted. Conclusions The distribution of high-volume TAA surgeons among major metropolitan areas in the United States is highly unequal. Analyzing the data with this method aids in targeting TAA surgeons to currently underserved areas. Levels of Evidence Level IV: Retrospective-comparative study

Freeway Service Patrols: A State of the Practice

1998 ◽  
Vol 1634 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Feno ◽  
Michael A. Ogden
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Incident Detection ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
A Value ◽  
Incident Duration ◽  
Freeway Service Patrols

Freeway service patrols have been cited as one of the most effective elements of an incident management program for reducing incident detection time and incident duration. Service patrol programs utilize roving vehicles to patrol congested and high incident sections of urban freeways. The state of the practice of freeway service patrol programs in the United States is documented in this paper. A telephone survey was conducted with managers of 53 freeway service patrols in 22 states. Approximately 74 percent of the surveyed service patrols are sponsored exclusively by public agencies. Approximately 47 percent of the surveyed patrols are sponsored exclusively by Department of Transportations; 6 percent are sponsored exclusively by police agencies; and 21 percent are sponsored by multiple public agencies. Approximately 34 percent of the patrols receive federal support funding. Finally, 27 percent of the patrols operate with private funding sources. Service patrol hours of operation vary from program to program, with the most common being coverage of the weekday a.m. and p.m. peak periods. Approximately 70 percent of the surveyed agencies own and operate their own vehicles, whereas 26 percent contract with private tow companies to provide drivers and vehicles. Benefits associated with service patrols are typically quantified by multiplying a value of time by the estimated delay reduction provided by the service patrol in vehicle-hours. Available benefit to cost analyses for 15 of the service patrols studied ranged from 2:1 to 36.2:1. A contact list and recommendations for agencies interested in starting a new service patrol program are also included in this paper.

Factors affecting fire suppression costs as identified by incident management teams

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie Canton-Thompson ◽  
Brooke Thompson ◽  
Krista Gebert ◽  
David Calkin ◽  
Geoff Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Factors Affecting

Factors affecting water quality in selected carbonate aquifers in the United States,1993-2005

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Lindsey ◽  
Marian P. Berndt ◽  
Brian G. Katz ◽  
Ann F. Ardis ◽  
Kenneth A. Skach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbonate Aquifers
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