Freeway Service Patrols: A State of the Practice

1998 ◽  
Vol 1634 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Feno ◽  
Michael A. Ogden
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Incident Detection ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
A Value ◽  
Incident Duration ◽  
Freeway Service Patrols

Freeway service patrols have been cited as one of the most effective elements of an incident management program for reducing incident detection time and incident duration. Service patrol programs utilize roving vehicles to patrol congested and high incident sections of urban freeways. The state of the practice of freeway service patrol programs in the United States is documented in this paper. A telephone survey was conducted with managers of 53 freeway service patrols in 22 states. Approximately 74 percent of the surveyed service patrols are sponsored exclusively by public agencies. Approximately 47 percent of the surveyed patrols are sponsored exclusively by Department of Transportations; 6 percent are sponsored exclusively by police agencies; and 21 percent are sponsored by multiple public agencies. Approximately 34 percent of the patrols receive federal support funding. Finally, 27 percent of the patrols operate with private funding sources. Service patrol hours of operation vary from program to program, with the most common being coverage of the weekday a.m. and p.m. peak periods. Approximately 70 percent of the surveyed agencies own and operate their own vehicles, whereas 26 percent contract with private tow companies to provide drivers and vehicles. Benefits associated with service patrols are typically quantified by multiplying a value of time by the estimated delay reduction provided by the service patrol in vehicle-hours. Available benefit to cost analyses for 15 of the service patrols studied ranged from 2:1 to 36.2:1. A contact list and recommendations for agencies interested in starting a new service patrol program are also included in this paper.

Investigation of Freeway Incident Characteristics and Their Influence in Planning an Incident Management Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 1634 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raktim Pal ◽  
Steven P. Latoski ◽  
Kumares C. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Data

Nonrecurrent congestion caused by highway incidents is a major concern for transportation agencies and millions of road users in most metropolitan areas in the United States. Incidents account for 60 percent of congestion-induced delay. As a low-cost approach to incident management, freeway service patrol programs have gained wide popularity. However, information on freeway incident characteristics is limited. In the current paper, incident data recorded by the Hoosier Helper program in north-west Indiana is analyzed. The distributions of incident frequency and clearance time by incident type and lateral location are reported. The variation of incident rate with time of the day is examined, and the influence of various factors affecting the frequency and clearance time of incidents is explored. Recommendations are made to improve the freeway service patrol program, based on the incident data analyzed. The information provided in this study may be useful for planning similar patrol programs in other metropolitan areas in Indiana and other states.

Charter Schools Have Rainy Days Too! But Are They Ready for When It Pours?

2021 ◽  
pp. 027507402110130
Author(s):  
Theodore Arapis ◽  
Sean Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Charter Schools ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Fund Balance ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Education Enrollment ◽  
Revenue Volatility ◽  
State Pension ◽  
Rainy Days

Nearly 30 years since their inception in the United States, charter schools are now a well-established educational option for parents and students. Although they are an important education provider schooling more than 3.1 million students nationwide, we know little about their ability to accumulate fiscal savings for weathering rainy days and sustaining smooth service. Unlike most other fiscal savings studies focusing on the unrestricted fund balance, we examine both restricted and unrestricted fund balances across Pennsylvania charter schools, this study’s unit of analysis. Using a Newey-West regression and data spanning the years 2011–2019, we show that charter schools consider all fund balance classifications when making savings decisions; albeit the unrestricted was their primary savings vehicle. Given their limited revenue portfolio, they are left with only a few options for accumulating fiscal savings. Surplus from tuition payments and additional revenues from private funding sources appear as main fund balance boosters. Surprisingly, special education enrollment significantly increases the unrestricted fund balance, a finding that requires further attention from legislators and policy makers. Concerns are also raised about participation in the state pension system as it absorbs a significant amount of slack that otherwise could be used for other purposes. Overall, most charter schools retain inadequate fiscal savings not capable of insulating their operation from revenue volatility and other contingencies. Statutory fund balance minimums and the adoption of formal fund balance policies articulating how savings are accumulated, used, and replenished should, therefore, be considered.

The Three Rs in Research and Education: A Long Road Ahead in the United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Barbara Orlans
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student Projects ◽  
Institutional Oversight ◽  
The Three Rs

Attitudes toward the Three Rs concept of refinement, reduction and replacement in the United States in research and education are widely divergent. Positive responses have come from several sources, notably from four centres established to disseminate information about alternatives. Funding sources to support work in the Three Rs have proliferated. The activities of institutional oversight committees have resulted in the nationwide implementation of important refinements. In the field of education, student projects involving pain or death for sentient animals have declined, and the right of students to object to participation in animal experiments on ethical grounds has been widely established. However, there is still a long way to go. Resistance to alternatives is deep-seated within several of the scientific disciplines most closely associated with animal research. The response of the National Institutes of Health to potentially important Congressional directives on the Three Rs has been unsatisfactory. The prestigious National Association of Biology Teachers, which at first endorsed the use of alternatives in education, later rescinded this policy, because of opposition to it. An impediment to progress is the extreme polarisation of viewpoints between the biomedical community and the animal protectionists.

Health Care Cost Containment in Large American Cities

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Moore
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
American Cities

This research provides information about the health care cost containment efforts of local governments and agencies across the United States, particularly in large American cities. Survey results indicate that while the public sector lags behind the private sector, public agencies are beginning to match the cost containment efforts of private employers. While initiation of these efforts represents considerable recent progress, their tangible benefits are not yet apparent.

scholarly journals Predictors of Weight Loss Maintenance following an Insurance-Sponsored Weight Management Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan G. Abildso ◽  
Olivier Schmid ◽  
Megan Byrd ◽  
Sam Zizzi ◽  
Alessandro Quartiroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Weight Management Program ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss ◽  
Predictors Of Weight Loss

Intentional weight loss among overweight and obese adults (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) is associated with numerous health benefits, but weight loss maintenance (WLM) following participation in weight management programming has proven to be elusive. Many individuals attempting to lose weight join formal programs, especially women, but these programs vary widely in focus, as do postprogram weight regain results. We surveyed 2,106 former participants in a community-based, insurance-sponsored weight management program in the United States to identify the pre, during, and post-intervention behavioral and psychosocial factors that lead to successful WLM. Of 835 survey respondents (39.6% response rate), 450 met criteria for inclusion in this study. Logistic regression analyses suggest that interventionists should assess and discuss weight loss and behavior change perceptions early in a program. However, in developing maintenance plans later in a program, attention should shift to behaviors, such as weekly weighing, limiting snacking in the evening, limiting portion sizes, and being physically active every day.

User Cost Analysis of UDOT’s Traffic Incident Management Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell G. Hadfield ◽  
Logan S. Bennett ◽  
Grant G. Schultz ◽  
Mitsuru Saito ◽  
Dennis L. Eggett
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Traffic Incident ◽  
Traffic Incident Management

Traffic Incident Duration Estimation Based on a Dual-Learning Bayesian Network Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (45) ◽  
pp. 196-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haozhe Cong ◽  
Cong Chen ◽  
Pei-Sung Lin ◽  
Guohui Zhang ◽  
John Milton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Traffic Incident ◽  
Incident Duration ◽  
Traffic Incident Management

Highway traffic incidents induce a significant loss of life, economy, and productivity through injuries and fatalities, extended travel time and delay, and excessive energy consumption and air pollution. Traffic emergency management during incident conditions is the core element of active traffic management, and it is of practical significance to accurately understand the duration time distribution for typical traffic incident types and the factors that influence incident duration. This study proposes a dual-learning Bayesian network (BN) model to estimate traffic incident duration and to examine the influence of heterogeneous factors on the length of duration based on expert knowledge of traffic incident management and highway incident data collected in Zhejiang Province, China. Fifteen variables related to three aspects of traffic incidents, including incident information, incident consequences, and rescue resources, were included in the analysis. The trained BN model achieves favorable performance in several areas, including classification accuracy, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under curve (AUC) value. A classification matrix, and significant variables and their heterogeneous influences are identified accordingly. The research findings from this study provide beneficial reference to the understanding of decision-making in traffic incident response and process, active traffic incident management, and intelligent transportation systems.

scholarly journals Training Interns in Nutrition and Dietetics: Barriers and Motivators to Being a Preceptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 602-602
Author(s):  
Andrea Hutchins ◽  
Jinette Fellows ◽  
Donna Winham,
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Intern Training ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Dietetic Internship ◽  
Nutrition And Dietetics ◽  
Barriers And Motivators ◽  
Preceptor Role

Abstract Objectives Identify the perceptions and attitudes associated with the preceptor role and incentives that might encourage precepting among nutrition and dietetics professionals in the United States. Methods A random sample of RDN and NDTR professionals from the Commission on Dietetic Registration credentialed practitioner database were invited to complete an online survey about knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the preceptor role. The survey was adapted from previous published instruments and validated via external content review, pretesting and post-test evaluation with pilot respondents. Results A total of 311 of 2464 invited eligible participants completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 12.6%. The majority of the sample was white, non-Hispanic with an average age of 44 years. More participants had never served as a preceptor (41%) compared to those that were current preceptors (38%) or former preceptors (21%). Respondents were asked what types of incentives would encourage them to continue to train interns or to consider precepting. The top incentives for all participants were the opportunity to earn continuing education units (65.9%) and having expenses paid to attend a national conference (49.5%). Significantly more (P < .001) former preceptors and those that never precepted reported the ability to choose when to take an intern, training on how to teach and communicate with interns and access to an “on-call” specialist for help or assistance with issues when they arise as incentives compared to current preceptors. Significantly more (P < .01) participants who have never precepted reported training on the internship expectations and the ability to provide input on intern selection process were incentives compared to current or former preceptors. Conclusions Incentives to serve as a preceptor differ based on current, former or never served as a preceptor status. Our results suggest promoting and strategizing solutions to the current imbalance between dietetic internship applicants and qualified preceptors should be targeted based on current, former or never precepted status in order to retain current preceptors, encourage former preceptors to return to precepting and recruit professionals that have never served as preceptors. Funding Sources None

scholarly journals (A226) Establishing a Framework for Synchronizing Critical Decision Making with Information Analysis during a Health/Medical Emergency

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s61-s61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paturas ◽  
J. Pelazza ◽  
R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
State And Local

BackgroundThe Yale New Haven Center for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response (YNH-CEPDR) has worked in the United States with state and local health and medical organizations to evaluate critical decision making activities and to develop decision making tools and protocols to enhance decision making in a time sensitive environment. YNH-CEPDR has also worked with international organizations and US federal agencies to support situational awareness activities in simulated and real world events.ObjectivesDuring this session YNH-CEPDR will share the best practices from recent events such as the H1N1 response and the Haiti Earthquake. Participants will be engaged in discussions regarding overall framework for successful information collection, analysis and dissemination to support decision making based on these experiences. This session will also incorporate concepts provided by the US National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Incident Command System (ICS), specifically through the development of Situational Reports (SitReps), Incident Action Plans (IAP) and Job Action Sheets as methods to implement the framework and concepts discussed. Participants will be led through a series of scenario-based discussions to allow application of critical decision making factors to their organization. At the conclusion of the session, participants will be able to identify next steps for enhancing the synchronization of critical decision making and information analysis within their organizations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document