Simulation of the Effects of Intermodal Transfer Penalties on Transit Use

1998 ◽  
Vol 1623 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongfang Liu ◽  
Ram M. Pendyala ◽  
Steven Polzin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Study Results

In recent times, the planning, analysis, and design of intermodal transfer facilities have been receiving increasing attention as planners attempt to overhaul public transportation systems that are losing ground to the ubiquitous automobile. However, recent research indicates that modeling tools currently used in practice do not adequately account for the effects of transfer penalties on transit ridership and network performance. In an attempt to fill this research need, transit system performance is simulated under different scenarios of intermodal and intramodal transfers. Using a controlled experimental design, transit ridership and system performance are simulated within a traditional four-step travel modeling framework assuming a variety of network configurations characterized by different transfer scenarios. Results show that the presence of a transfer on a transit line can substantially reduce transit ridership and that the extent of this reduction is highly dependent on the type of transfer encountered, that is, whether the transfer is intermodal (across different modes) or intramodal (within the same mode). The implications of the study results on the planning of intermodal transit systems are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Service Quality and Service Gap of Autonomous Driving Group Rapid Transit System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9412
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsi Hung ◽  
Yao-Tang Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Experiential Marketing ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Continuous Usage Intention

Recently, the trend of public transportation has evolved from traditional vehicles to intelligent transportation systems. Among many innovative systems, the development of group rapid transit (GRT) has become increasingly important. This study aims to explore the key acceptance factors for users to adopt GRT through three dimensions: technology, sharing, and experiential marketing (TSE). First, this study identifies variables under each construct of the TSE model through a literature review and interviews with experts, so as to understand what factors of the model impact users’ usage intention and continuous usage intention. Subsequently, through a questionnaire survey, the theoretical model is verified. The participants of the survey were users of GRT, and a total of 306 valid questionnaires were collected. Through structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, the results indicate that technology does not significantly impact usage intention, as users may not fully understand GRT’s future developments; technology only affects continuous usage intention. Sharing also only influences continuous usage intention. These results show that the adoption of GRT may be gradual and long-term rather than short-term. Finally, experiential marketing has a significant impact on both usage intention and continuous usage intention. This implies that users’ experiences are vital in promoting innovative services, hence service providers should seek to not only improve the service but also enhance users’ trust in and support for the service.

scholarly journals Evaluating Public Transit Reforms for Shrinking and Aging Populations: The Case of Takamatsu, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-504
Author(s):  
Masanobu Kii ◽  
Yuki Goda ◽  
Tetsuya Tamaki ◽  
Tatsuya Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Transportation Simulation ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Older Populations

Many small and midsized cities around the world are expected to experience rapid shrinking and aging of their populations in the near future. In Japan, these dramatic demographic shifts have already begun in all but the largest cities, creating an urgent need to redesign public transportation systems to accommodate the transit needs of smaller, older populations. Here we focus on the specific case of Takamatsu, a medium-sized city with a population of 420,000 that is currently redesigning its transit system to better serve an aging city with a declining working-age population. We use the agent-based transportation simulation model MATSim to predict the ramifications of Takamatsu’s transit system reforms on transportation behavior in the year 2050. Our analysis reveals how the effects of Takamatsu’s transit reforms vary geographically and temporally, with societal implications—particularly for the mobility of elderly residents—that we discuss.

Design, Development and Electromagnetic Analysis of a Linear Switched Reluctance Motor for Automatic Door Systems of Railway Carriages

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Sampath ◽  
K. Abhishek ◽  
N.C. Lenin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Switched Reluctance Motor ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Switched Reluctance ◽  
Reluctance Motor ◽  
Linear Switched Reluctance Motor

Day in, day out millions of people all around the world use public transportation systems. Within a metropolis, local rail transport is usually the only cheap and efficient way to get from one place to another. This is making new demands on the rail-bound mass transit. The door system needs to be robust, reliable, maintainable, safe and unaffected by the environment in order to guarantee an efficient train service. Because of round the clock operation of these trains, it is difficult to maintain the door systems regularly. They also get exposed to harsh environment like rain, sunlight and rough handling which may lead to malfunction. Safety is a very important constraint in any mass transit system and any malfunction in the door system can lead to severe mishap. Considering all the above constraints, we are proposing Linear Switched Reluctance Motor (LSRM) based door systems for railway carriages. The phase independent nature of LSRM makes it the best choice for door systems application as it can be made to operate even if any phase fails to work. This paper presents a clear design guide for a longitudinal flux single sided LSRM. The design parameters have been verified using two dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA). Finally a prototype has been built and tested. Test results imply the features of LSRM that make it a strong candidate for door systems of railway carriages.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION Large-Scale Modeling Framework of Direct Cellular Vehicle-to-All (C-V2X) Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2127
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. G. Farag ◽  
Hesham A. Rakha ◽  
Emadeldin A. Mazied ◽  
Jayanthi Rao
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Modeling Tool ◽  
Traffic Demand

The transportation system has evolved into a complex cyber-physical system with the introduction of wireless communication and the emergence of connected travelers and connected automated vehicles. Such applications create an urgent need to develop high-fidelity transportation modeling tools that capture the mutual interaction of the communication and transportation systems. This paper addresses this need by developing a high-fidelity, large-scale dynamic and integrated traffic and direct cellullar vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (collectively known as V2X) modeling tool. The unique contributions of this work are (1) we developed a scalable implementation of the analytical communication model that captures packet movement at the millisecond level; (2) we coupled the communication and traffic simulation models in real-time to develop a fully integrated dynamic connected vehicle modeling tool; and (3) we developed scalable approaches that adjust the frequency of model coupling depending on the number of concurrent vehicles in the network. The proposed scalable modeling framework is demonstrated by running on the Los Angeles downtown network considering the morning peak hour traffic demand (145,000 vehicles), running faster than real-time on a regular personal computer (1.5 h to run 1.86 h of simulation time). Spatiotemporal estimates of packet delivery ratios for downtown Los Angeles are presented. This novel modeling framework provides a breakthrough in the development of urgently needed tools for large-scale testing of direct (C-V2X) enabled applications.

Who, What, When, and Where

2015 ◽  
Vol 2537 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Legrain ◽  
Ron Buliung ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Geneidy
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Transit Use ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Public transportation agencies are faced with the difficult task of providing adequate service during peak travel periods while maintaining adequate service for those traveling off-peak or outside a city or region's densest areas. The ability or inability of a transit system to meet these needs helps explain transit ridership rates. This research sought to understand how daily fluctuations in transit service were related to ridership in the greater Toronto and Hamilton area, in Canada, for different segments of the labor force. Many variables—including frequency and proximity of transit service, socioeconomic status, the built environment, and accessibility to employment through transit—have been linked to transit use in past research. However, many previous studies focused only on travel during peak hours. This study investigated whether fluctuations in service and demand were related to transit ridership rates. With the use of six time periods, an improved understanding of daily variation in transit mode share for commuting trips was produced. With a further division of the commuting population into two employment wage categories, it was demonstrated that the common understanding of the influences on transit ridership was potentially misleading. Commuting transit mode share and the variables that influence it are intimately related to when travel is needed and to what jobs people are traveling. To encourage transit use, agencies and researchers need to take into account commuters’ need to commute at a variety of time periods.

Impact of Advanced Public Transportation Systems on Travel by Dial-a-Ride

1996 ◽  
Vol 1557 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Ben-Akiva ◽  
Julian Benjamin ◽  
Geoffrey J. Lauprete ◽  
Amalia Polydoropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Revealed Preferences ◽  
Hypothetical Situation ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Varied Level

The degree to which Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) are expected to increase ridership is studied. The responses from a survey of Dial-a-Ride users to estimate the parameters of statistical models of user behavior were used. The respondents were asked to rank hypothetical scenarios in which level of service was varied. Level-of-service attributes included, among other variables, changes in travel time and ability to reserve the trip in advance. The respondents were asked to state how many trips they would have made during the past week of travel, given the hypothetical service attributes described in the question. The models developed link the average number of trips per week using Dial-a-Ride and the level of service offered by the Dial-a-Ride system. The modeling framework attempts to resolve the bias issues inherent in the use of stated preferences (SP) data, where respondents are asked to answer questions about a hypothetical situation. A basic methodology of combining revealed preferences and SP data is provided to evaluate the effect of different APTS configurations on ridership.

Taxicab Availability

2017 ◽  
Vol 2650 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Yang ◽  
Chengchuan An ◽  
Yao-Jan Wu ◽  
Jingxin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
System Performance ◽  
General Public ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Insight Into

Because of the popularity and necessity of taxicabs, taxicab-related research has received increasing attention over the past decade. However, few studies have highlighted the value of taxicabs as an important component of public transportation systems, and the measurement and evaluation of taxicab systems have been largely missing in the previous literature. Two measures, from a demand and supply perspective, intuitively can serve as the measures for evaluating taxicab service performance, including loading and availability. Since the concept of taxicab availability has not been clearly defined in previous research, this study proposes a new concept of taxicab availability based on the concept of transit availability. Four taxicab availabilities—namely, spatial, temporal, capacity, and information availability—are further defined and introduced. The study used a large amount of taxicab GPS-based data to measure these availabilities. A framework is proposed to investigate statistically whether there are mathematical patterns behind loading and availability. The results show that patterns can be found and mathematically described, and statistically accurate and reliable taxicab information can be produced based on the patterns. Two presentation aids were selected to present the information: taxicab timetables produced for the general public and loading and availability heat maps produced for decision makers. The research provides detailed insight into taxicab system performance. The contributions of this research are to provide ( a) guidelines for evaluating system performance in a city or region and ( b) taxicab timetables for the general public.

scholarly journals Accident Analysis of Bus Rapid Transit System: Before and after construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (ET.2020) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Amir Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Accident Data

Among the various transportation systems, public transportation, especially Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), has a significant role in urban transport and has the mission of transfer of passengers and reducing travel time. In addition to these advantages, the weak and non-standard design and implementation of BRT lines result in an escalation of accidents and inefficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influential factors of the severity of BRT lines accidents before and after their construction. For this purpose, the accident data of Rasht BRT line 1 over the years of 2016 (before the construction of the BRT), 2017 and 2018 (after the construction of the BRT) have been analysed. The results showed that the construction of BRT has brought about 36 and 43 per cent reduction of accidents in 2017 and 2018, respectively, in comparison with 2016, and has given rise to the emergence of new accidents, such as collision with separator fence.

scholarly journals Literature Review and Data Analysis on the Impacts of Prolonged Events on Transit System Ridership

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yining Liu ◽  
◽  
Jesus Osorio ◽  
Yanfeng Ouyang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Duration Magnitude

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically disrupted transit operations and induced significant transit ridership losses worldwide. Given its unprecedented duration, magnitude, and scale, the long-term effects are still unclear. Despite the differences, we can learn from previous disruptive events, such as terrorist attacks and epidemics, in the past 30 years and draw qualitative and quantitative insights about public reactions, ridership recovery periods, and transit agency responses during and after those events. This study sought to understand ridership variations during the current COVID-19 pandemic and inform transit agencies’ future decisions. This project’s research team therefore reviewed the impacts of selected historical events. They observed the following: (i) that most of the reviewed incidents (except for the 9/11 attacks) did not impose prolonged post-event effects on transit ridership for more than one year; (ii) that executive orders (e.g., school closures), transportation services (e.g., intensified airport safety screening and rail station closures), public fear, media reports, and reduced tourism were frequently mentioned as key factors that impacted transit ridership; and (iii) that measures, such as sanitizing vehicles and facilities, improving communications with the public, and promotions and advertisements, can potentially help restore transit ridership. The research team also developed a modeling framework that integrated a Bayesian structural time-series model, a dynamics model for daily transit ridership loss, a prediction module, and ordinary least squares regression to study COVID-19’s effects on the Chicago Transit Authority’s rail ridership. The researchers undertook a model of ridership on the CTA rail system as a potential first step to modeling COVID-19’s effects on transit ridership in northeastern Illinois. The researchers have not modeled ridership on any other transportation mode in northeastern Illinois at this time. The statistical analysis showed that remote learning/work policies and executive orders had answered for most of the ridership loss. Socioeconomic and land-use characteristics could effectively capture their effects. However, these characteristics could not explain people’s different reactions to reported deaths and media attention. Different population groups may have reacted differently to policy decisions, but their responses to reported deaths and media coverage seem random and independent of sociodemographic factors.

scholarly journals Optimal Design of Bus Routes for Different Vehicle Types Considering Various Driving Regimes and Environmental Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Su ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Guo Lu ◽  
Wenbo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Total System ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Bus Transit

As a major part of public transportation systems, bus transit has been regarded as an effective mode to alleviate traffic congestion and solve vehicle emission problems. The performance of a bus transit system depends largely on the design of bus stop locations. This research proposes a multi-period continuum model (peak and off-peak hours) to optimize the design of a bus route for four different vehicle types (i.e., supercharge bus, compressed natural gas (CNG) bus, lithium-ion battery bus, and diesel bus) considering driving regimes and pollutant cost. Inter-stop driving regimes—acceleration, cruising, coasting, and deceleration—are explicitly introduced into the optimization to determine whether and how the coasting regime should be undertaken in the tradeoff between commercial speed of vehicles and operating costs. The cost effectiveness of each alternative has been investigated in a life cycle and compared with respect to different vehicle types. The method has been applied to the real-world bus route no. 7 in Yaan City (China). The results of numerical experiments show that through optimization the total system cost can be reduced by more than 50%. The results of the continuum model are validated by comparison with the discretized results, and the outcomes are similar (with error less than 3%). Finally the life-cycle cost of the four vehicle types is analyzed, and the results indicate that, because of high purchase prices, it is difficult for clean-energy buses to outperform conventional buses in a life cycle (normally eight years), unless subsidies are provided.

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