Treating Lead-Contaminated Soil by Stabilization and Solidification

1998 ◽  
Vol 1615 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Long ◽  
Xinguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Dynamic Diffusion

Soil in and near transportation facilities often is contaminated with lead because lead once was used as a base for gasoline and paint. Dealing with contaminated soil is difficult because the toxic material must be treated to protect the public from direct exposure. Stabilization and solidification is a promising technique for protecting the public from toxic materials in soils by decreasing the possibility of human exposure and decreasing the mobility of the contaminant. The results of a laboratory investigation of the feasibility of stabilization and solidification of contaminated soil using cement in combination with various additives are presented. Mobility of lead and other contaminants was measured by dynamic diffusion and compared with the standard test results of the toxic characteristic leaching procedure. Several additives were tried. Apatite and sodium silicate were found to be the most effective in reducing the mobility of the lead. The compacted dry density of the solidified soil had a great effect on the leaching characteristics. The leaching of lead from deteriorated solidified soil was simulated by crushing a sample containing apatite and conducting a dynamic diffusion test on the crushed sample. The diffusion coefficient was used to compare the effect of additives and other treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of Silica Fume on the Strength Characterizes of Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Arbili ◽  
Mehmed Karpuzcu ◽  
Mohammed M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Compaction Test

In this paper a silica fume (SF) utilized as an admixture for improving the strength characterizes of contaminated soil and create new useful soils. Compaction test and direct shear test are used to evaluate the strength properties of clean and contaminated soil. Mixing SF with contaminated soil by crude oil is a rare study carried out. The strength characterizes of clean and polluted soil with crude oil was investigated. Three amount of light crude oil is combined with soils artificially in the percentage of 3%, 6%, and 9% by dry weight. However, three portions of SFs are used in the experimental work, which are 0%, 12%, and 18%. In the compaction test, results show that optimum moisture content (OMC) decreases with increasing degree of contamination, inversely while adding SF, OMC is increased. Maximum dry density dramatically decreased with an increasing amount of SF and crude oil. The shear strength properties enhance by utilizing SF where observed that the cohesion in clean soil is increased from 25.3 to 40.3 kPa and in contaminated soil by 9% crude oil is raised from 12.3 to 18.6 kPa so that SF can be rate as a successful material to enhance the soil properties.

PENGARUH SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KINERJA PELAYANAN DI SEKTOR PUBLIK

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
The Public

This study aimed to investigate the influence of accounting information systems and technology to service performance information on the public sector. Samples in this study were RS. M. Djamil in Padang, PLN, PDAM in Padang and taken at random (purposive sampling). Of the 122 questionnaires had been distributed only 85 questionnaires could be processed. Test Equipment used to test the validity of this study is the test, Test Reliability, Test for multicollinearity, coefficient Determination Test, and the t test, results of this study are: (a) The first hypothesis tests can be concluded that the accounting information systems has significant influence on performance in service sector public. (2) Information technology does not significantly influence the performance of services in the public sector.

scholarly journals Rubella Immunity among Pregnant Women in a Canadian Provincial Screening Program

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Kearns ◽  
Sabrina S Plitt ◽  
Bonita E Lee ◽  
Joan L Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Northern Alberta

BACKGROUND: There are limited recent data on rubella immunity in women of childbearing age in Canada. In the present paper, the proportion of rubella seroreactivity and redundant testing (testing of women previously seropositive when tested by the same physician) in the Alberta prenatal rubella screening program were studied.METHODS: In the present retrospective observational study, data on all specimens submitted for prenatal screening in Alberta between August 2002 and December 2005 were extracted from the Provincial Laboratory for Public Health database. The proportion of rubella screening and immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroreactivity were determined. Demographic variables were compared between rubella seroreactors and nonseroreactors. The proportion of redundant testing was determined.RESULTS: Of 159,046 prenatal specimens, 88.3% (n=140,473) were screened for rubella immunity. In total, 8.8% of specimens tested negative for rubella IgG. Younger women (23.2% of women younger than 20 years of age versus 4.7% of women between 35 and 39 years of age; P<0.001) and women from northern Alberta (11.9% versus 8.1% [overall]; P<0.001) were significantly more likely to have seronegative specimens. Of the 20,044 women who had multiple rubella immunity screenings, 88.1% (n=17,651) had multiple positive test results. In total, 20.7% of the 42,274 specimens submitted from women with multiple screenings were deemed redundant.DISCUSSION: Younger women were most likely to be seronegative for rubella. The public health significance of women entering their childbearing years with low or undetectable rubella IgG levels remains to be determined. A large number of women with documented rubella immunity were unnecessarily retested.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON MODEL FITTING AND STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CRITICAL STATE FOR EXPANSIVE SOIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqing Li ◽  
Chuan Tang ◽  
Ruilin Hu ◽  
Yingxin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Critical State ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
Shearing Strength

According to Mengzi expansive soil, consolidated drained tests and undrained tests are carried on under saturated and remoulded conditions. The stress-strain characteristics of saturated soil are researched systematically under different confining pressure, initial dry density, initial water content, shearing rate and drainage condition. The inherent unity of diversity of shearing strength for the same samples measured by different experimental methods is indicated according to the normalization of critical state test results. And the failure lines in p ‘- q - ν space of remoulded saturated expansive soil under consolidated drained and undrained conditions are attained. The hyperbolic curve model can fit well the weak hardening stress-strain curves and the exponential curve model can fit the weak softening stress-strain curves. The test results can provide technical parameters and theoretical help for shearing strength variation of slope during rainfall and strength state of soil structure in normal water level.

The Analysis of Stress Distribution of Hammer Bottom during Dynamic Compaction on Sandy Soil Foundation

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1460-1463
Author(s):  
Jian Qi Wu ◽  
Jian Hong Deng ◽  
Xiao Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Dynamic Compaction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Soil Foundation

Obtained stress distribution of hammer bottom according to the analysis of horizontal and vertical red sandstone fill dry density of the hammer bottom after dynamic compaction; affirmed the stress distribution situation of the hammer bottom through comparative analysis of the test results by laboratory and field monitoring.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine tested by different methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Rosane Galhardo Ribeiro ◽  
Cyntia R.A. Estrela ◽  
Jesus Djalma Pécora ◽  
Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) by agar diffusion test and by direct exposure test. Five microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and one mixture of these were used. These strains were inoculated in brain heart infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37ºC for 24 h. For the agar diffusion test (ADT), 18 Petri plates with 20 ml of BHI agar were inoculated with 0.1 ml of the microbial suspensions, using sterile swabs that were spread on the medium, obtaining growth in junction. Fifty-four paper disks (9 mm in diameter) were immersed in the experimental solutions for 1 min. Subsequently, three papers disks containing one of the substances were placed on the BHI agar surface in each agar plate. The plates were maintained for 1 h at room temperature, and then incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. The diameter of microbial inhibition was measured around the papers disks containing the substances. For the direct exposure test, 162 #50 sterile absorbent paper points were immersed in the experimental suspensions for 5 min, and were then placed on Petri plates and covered with one of the irrigant solutions, or with sterile distilled water (control group). After intervals of 5, 10 and 30 min, the paper points were removed from contact with the solutions and individually immersed in 7 ml of Letheen Broth, followed by incubation at 37ºC for 48 h. Microbial growth was evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. A 0.1 ml inoculum obtained from the Letheen Broth was transferred to 7 ml of BHI, and incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. Bacterial growth was again evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. Gram stain of BHI cultures was used for verification of contamination and growth was determined by macroscopic and microscopic examination. The best performance of antimicrobial effectiveness of NaOCl was observed in the direct exposure test, and of CHX was observed in the agar diffusion test. The magnitude of antimicrobial effect was influenced by the experimental methods, biological indicators and exposure time.

scholarly journals Investigations on Engineering Properties of Solidified/Stabilized Pb-Contaminated Soil Based on Alkaline Residue

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusheng Zha ◽  
Dongdong Pan ◽  
Long Xu ◽  
Bo Kang ◽  
Chengbin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) has been considered as one of the most effective techniques for remediation of the heavy metal-contaminated sites. Among various binders adopted in S/S, alkaline residue (AR) could be considered as a new binder to treat heavy metal-contaminated soil due to its strong adsorptive capacity for heavy metal ions. So in this paper, the strength, leaching, and microstructure characteristics of the solidified/stabilized Pb-contaminated soil by using alkaline residue are systematically investigated. Test results present that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the treated soil will increase, while the leached Pb2+ concentration will decrease, with the increase of the alkaline residue content in the specimen. The UCS increases significantly with the curing time increasing during the initial 28 days, after which the UCS of the specimen becomes stable. The leached Pb2+ concentration decreases significantly at the initial 28 days followed by a stable trend with curing time increasing. The UCS decreases and the leached Pb2+ concentration increases with the increase of the initial Pb2+ concentration in the specimen. The microstructural analysis performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the increase of the alkaline residue content and curing time will result in more hydration products and densified microstructure, which could effectively improve the engineering properties of the specimen.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PIJAT BAYI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK BAYI USIA 1 – 12 BULAN DI DESA PUNDUNGSARI BULU SUKOHARJO

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Setyaningsih ◽  
Kristiani Eka Prasetyo Wat ◽  
Asri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Touch Therapy ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Long Time

AbstractIntroduction: Infant massage is a touch therapy oldest known to the public. Infant massage is one of the communication between mother and child is communication through touch. Infant massage has been known to man for a long time and reduced down - generations. Age 1-12 months is a period of rapid growth that is traversed by the child, including motoric development. Infant massage can provide a stimulus to promote weight and to increase motoric development.The purpose: Of this study was to correlate of infant massage and motoric development in infants aged 1-12 months in District Pundungsari Bulu Sukoharjo.The subjects: Were mother with infants aged 1-12 months, in the District Pundungsari. Sampling is done with total sampling technique. They are 33 sample in this research.Methods: This study was a non-experimental studies, correlation approach. Data obtained by the method of questionare, which is mother has filled the questionare about baby massage in infants aged 1-12 months and motoric development. The data have been collected and analyzed by chi square with p= 0.05. The research found that respondents do baby massage with continue and not continue and motoric development found delayed, normal and advance. After the test results obtained chi square p 0.000 to p <0.05, which means Ha accepted and Ho rejected.The conclusion: Of this study is infant massage correlate with motoric development in infants aged 1-12 months in District Pundungsari Bulu Sukoharjo.Keywords: Infant massage, motoric development

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL (CAR) DANDANA PIHAK KETIGA (FDR) TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (ROA) DENGAN KREDIT BERMASALAH (NPF) SEBAGAI VARIBEL INTERVENING PADA PERBANKAN UMUM SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fitria Marisya
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Public ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Intervening Variables

This research focuses on the analysis of the influence of capital structure (Capital Adequacy Ratio/ CAR) and third-party Funds (Financing to Deposit Ratio/ FDR) towards Profitability (Return on Asset/ ROA) with Troubled Financing (Non Performing Financing/ NPF), as the Intervening Variables in the Public Sharia Banking In Indonesia. The data was obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD)and analyzed using Path Analysis with the help of AMOS programs22.The test results show some impact as follows: 1. The CAR has a positive and significant to FDR. 2. The NPF is not positive and significant to FDR. 3. The CAR is positive and significant to ROA. 4. The NPF is negative and significant to ROA. 5.The FDR is positive and significant to ROA. 6.The FDR is a significant intervening intervening variable between CAR and ROA in the form of partial mediation. 7.The FDRisasignificantandinfluential variable intervening between the NPF and ROA in the form of partial mediation. This research isexpected to be beneficial to investors, among others, and this research can be used as a consideration in making investment decisions. Also, the researchers can use this as a reference for any research related to capital structure (CAR), third-party Funds (FDR), profitability (ROA), and was the troubled Financing(NPF).

scholarly journals Analysis of Lifestyle, Advertising Effectiveness, and Instant Coffee Consumption among Peri-Urban Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Moh. Djemdjem Djamaludin ◽  
Dewi Mutia Silmie
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
The Public

Coffee consumption is increasing because many types of coffee are circulating, such as instant coffee among the public. The instant coffee studied in this study is the Iwan Fals edition of instant coffee. This study aimed to analyse the lifestyle and effectiveness of instant coffee advertising on instant coffee consumption among peri-urban farmers in Bogor Regency. This study used a cross-sectional study design located in Cibungbulang District, Bogor Regency. The location was chosen purposive because it is a peri-urban area that has more than 20% of agricultural land. A total of 100 respondents in this study were selected using a purposive sampling method with the criteria of a farmer and in the last 12 months consuming and viewing Iwan Fals edition coffee advertisements. The results of this study found that the maker's lifestyle is the most (32%) owned by the respondents. The effectiveness of instant coffee advertising in this study is included in the effective category (3.54). The results showed a relationship between gender, believing lifestyle, trying hard lifestyle with instant coffee consumption. The influence test results found an influence of male gender and lifestyle beliefs on instant coffee consumption. In general, respondents are classified as effective in consuming coffee because of their lifestyle and increase energy.

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