Framework for Selecting Effective Preventive Maintenance Treatments for Flexible Pavements

1997 ◽  
Vol 1597 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gary Hicks ◽  
Kimberly Dunn ◽  
James S. Moulthrop
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Concrete Overlays ◽  
Traffic Level ◽  
Maintenance Techniques ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

Preventive maintenance techniques are considered useful in extending the life of a pavement if applied at the right time. Discussed here is a framework for a process that can be used to select the proper maintenance strategies for different distress types in asphalt pavements, depending on traffic level and environment. Maintenance treatments addressed include only crack seals, fog seals, slurry seals, microsurfacings, chip seals, thin asphalt concrete overlays, and other thin surface treatments. Types of distress considered include roughness, rutting, fatigue cracking, longitudinal cracking, raveling, weathering, and bleeding. Decision trees, based on the authors' experiences, are presented to illustrate the process in selecting appropriate maintenance treatments. A framework for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the various maintenance treatments is presented. Existing methods for evaluating cost-effectiveness of maintenance are discussed together with their strengths and weaknesses. An example of cost-effectiveness for different maintenance treatments is also briefly presented.

scholarly journals Erratum: An assessment of the cost-effectiveness of magnetic resonance, including diffusion-weighted imaging, in patients with transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke: a systematic review, meta-analysis and economic evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (27) ◽  
pp. 369-370
Author(s):  
Joanna Wardlaw ◽  
Miriam Brazzelli ◽  
Hector Miranda ◽  
Francesca Chappell ◽  
Paul McNamee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Ischaemic Attack ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

AbstractCorrections to thex-axis title of the right-hand side forest plot in Figures 10–12

Recruitment Trends in the Contemporary Era

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Anu Chhabra ◽  
Vandana Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Simple Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Open Position

Recruitment is the process of identifying and hiring the right talent for a job in an organization, within a timeframe and by incurring the least expenses. The life cycle of the recruitment process starts from identification of an open position which needs to be filled to the candidate joining the organisation formally. On hearing the word recruitment, what flashes in an individual's mind is the process the HR group would follow to choose a candidate, get him interviewed, cross levels, offer, joining formalities completion, and to integrate the new joinee with the organization's philosophy. But, over a period, this process has evolved and it has transformed its existence from a simple process to a much more organized and digitally equipped one. The importance of a recruitment service though has remained the same, that is, the candidate should have the right skills, right knowledge, aptitude, and most importantly, attitude. But what has been the focus of improvement of the Human resources is the time duration and the cost effectiveness.

Applying Pavement Preservation Concepts to Low-Volume Roads

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Zimmerman ◽  
David G. Peshkin
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Cost

As the challenges associated with managing a low-volume road network increase, agencies have realized the benefits associated with the use of pavement management tools for the road network. One of the benefits of the use of these tools is the ability to illustrate quickly and effectively the impacts of various pavement preservation strategies (such as worst-first repair) on overall network conditions. As a result, agencies are in a better position to communicate the needs of the road network to individuals responsible for the allocation of funds. In some cases, agencies have successfully lobbied for additional funds to support their road management efforts. The benefit of pavement management tools in supporting the preservation of the low-volume road network is illustrated by their use in evaluating the long-term impact of various funding strategies, the cost-effectiveness of pavement preventive maintenance programs, and various cost analyses that can be used to enhance road system management. Information from a variety of transportation agencies is used for this illustration. For instance, a summary is presented of the use of pavement management information to compare a worst-first repair strategy with a strategy that includes pavement preservation techniques. Examples are provided of the types of presentations that can be given to top management to illustrate these effects. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of pavement preservation programs is illustrated by showing the reduction in life-cycle costs and the overall benefits provided to the agency through the implementation of preventive maintenance programs.

Selecting Preventive Maintenance Treatments in Texas

2005 ◽  
Vol 1933 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Ruey Chang ◽  
Dar-Hao Chen ◽  
Ching-Tsung Hung
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Mcdm Method ◽  
Chip Seals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Slurry Seal

Although the cost-effectiveness of preventive maintenance (PM) treatments for pavement is important, literature addressing this issue is limited. Even under the well-controlled FHWA long-term pavement performance (LTPP) study, incomplete data and sections exist. Criteria for selecting PM treatments often conflict and have to be compromised. The multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) method is one of numerous approaches available for resolving variations of results. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), an MCDM method, was used to analyze successfully all 14 specific pavement study (SPS)-3 sites in Texas. The distress score (DS), international roughness index (IRI), and treatment costs were used as criteria to determine the cost-effectiveness of various PM treatments (thin overlay, slurry seal, crack seal, and chip seal). With TOPSIS, the cost-effectiveness of these treatments can be quantified, with variations caused by subjective judgment thus minimized. When all criteria were considered, the most and least cost-effective methods were chip seal and slurry seal, respectively. When cost was not considered, the most and least effective methods were chip seal and crack seal, respectively. The chip seals performed the best. Chip seals had the most forgiving qualities of all the methods, and they yielded no reflection of the cracking that preceded the treatment applications. The evaluation based on TOPSIS provides a viable option for engineers determining the best PM treatments for pavement in need of maintenance.

scholarly journals Does Maximizing Good Make People Look Bad?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Montealegre ◽  
Lance Bush ◽  
David Moss ◽  
David Pizarro ◽  
William Jimenez-Leal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Do So

People make inferences about others depending on the way they arrive at their moral decisions. Here, we examine evaluations of people who make moral decisions through deliberation compared to those who decide based on empathy. To do so, we turn to charitable donations. People often fail to prioritize the cost-effectiveness of charities when donating (Berman, Barasch, Levine, & Small, 2018). We argue that this pattern exists in part because donors who make charitable decisions by deliberating about the cost-effectiveness of charities are perceived as less moral and less desirable as social partners than those who decide based on empathizing with the recipients of the donation. Across six pre-registered studies using two different scenarios (N = 1,961), we presented participants with descriptions of people who thought about donation decisions by either deliberating about the cost-effectiveness of charities, or by deciding based on empathy. Reliably, participants judged “deliberators” to have less positive moral character and to be less desirable as social partners than “empathizers.” We found these results across different designs (between-subjects and within-subjects), when evaluating respondents of different genders (male and female), and for donations of different stakes (low and high). The negative reputational effects of deliberating were reduced if “deliberators” expressed empathy first. These results suggest that there may be disincentives for selecting charities based on their impact, since people are not socially rewarded for prioritizing charitable impact but are rewarded for signaling the right kinds of moral traits. We end by discussing implications and limitations of these findings.

Clinical Decision Support

2017 ◽  
pp. 716-743
Author(s):  
Steven Shaha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical Layout

The purpose of healthcare information systems should tend toward helping clinicians make best decisions for the clinical benefits of their patients, as well as for the cost-related benefits of organisations, communities and societies. Too many healthcare organisations are opting toward technology-based systems that ensure cost-effectiveness as a priority over clinical quality, limiting clinician decisions toward compliance to established decisions and processes rather than toward innovative and impactful approaches to patient care. Compliance-based solutions assume that all hospitals are identical in populations served, clinician expertise or physical layout, all assumption fallacies. Best healthcare enhancing technology enables local adaptation with analytics for ongoing innovation to best optimise successes in care quality, cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Such systems are available, and best providers will encourage clinicians and operational leaders to ever-improve delivery of innovative, evolving health care. This chapter will discuss the right approaches towards improved clinical, costs, and efficiency gains.

Cost-effectiveness of various maintenance therapies based on mutation status following first-line treatment of primary epithelial ovarian cancer in the United States.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19399-e19399
Author(s):  
Courtney Penn ◽  
Melissa Wong ◽  
Christine S. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
The Cost

e19399 Background: The recent SOLO1, PRIMA, and PAOLA trials all reported positive efficacy results, making it difficult to determine optimal upfront maintenance therapy for patients with primary, advanced ovarian cancer. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the maintenance strategies outlined in these trials for BRCA-positive patients, homologous-recombination deficient patients without a BRCA mutation (HRD-positive), and homologous-recombination proficient (HRD-negative) patients. Methods: Three decision analysis models were developed, one for each mutation status. We evaluated olaparib (SOLO1), olaparib/bevacizumab (PAOLA), bevacizumab alone (PAOLA), and niraparib (PRIMA) maintenance strategies. Base case 1 assessed olaparib vs olaparib/bevacizumab vs bevacizumab vs niraparib vs no maintenance therapy in BRCA-positive patients. Base cases 2 and 3 assessed olaparib/bevacizumab vs bevacizumab vs niraparib vs no maintenance therapy in HRD-positive and HRD-negative patients, respectively. Time horizon was 24 months. Costs, measured in U.S. dollars, were estimated from Medicare claims, wholesale acquisition prices, and previously published sources. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were in dollars per progression-free life-year saved (PF-LYS). One-way sensitivity analyses were performed varying drug cost and progression-free survival. Results: Assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/PF-LYS, none of the drug maintenance strategies could be considered cost effective compared with observation. In BRCA-positive patients (base case 1), olaparib monotherapy was the most cost-effective strategy, yielding an ICER of $181,059/PF-LYS. The third-party payer cost per 28-day supply of olaparib would need to be reduced from approximately $17,000 to $9,200 to be considered cost effective compared with observation. In HRD-positive patients (base case 2) and HRD-negative patients (base case 3), bevacizumab monotherapy was the most cost-effective option, with ICERs of $326,491/PF-LYS and $253,937/PF-LYS respectively. Conclusions: At current costs, maintenance therapy for primary ovarian cancer is not cost effective, regardless of mutation status. In BRCA-positive women, lowering the cost of olaparib may make it cost effective compared with observation.

Value-Based Bayesian Optimization of Preventive Maintenance Programs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Cluever ◽  
Thomas Esselman ◽  
Sam Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Covariance Function ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Meta Model ◽  
Cost Distribution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The EPRI Preventive Maintenance Basis Database (PMBD) has become a standard in the industry to develop, validate, or examine the impact of custom changes to maintenance strategies for common power plant equipment. The PMBD provides failure modes and an indication of frequency of occurrence. Recent feedback from PMBD users has made it clear that including a “Cost Module” to work with PMBD data would be a useful addition to the PMBD program and allow users to view the cost impacts associated with alternate custom maintenance strategies. This paper presents a methodology for the merging of maintenance information extracted from PMBD with cost estimates and additional expert-provided reliability data to estimate a maintenance cost distribution. Additional expert information includes missing data and PM type: monitoring, wear-rate reducing (e.g. oil change), or life-restoring (e.g. refurbishment). The cost distribution is calculated via Monte Carlo simulation and is dependent on the PM plan currently considered. Value-based optimization of the PM plan is performed through Bayesian optimization of the mean PM cost by varying the various PM frequencies. Bayesian optimization iteratively uses Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to fit a non-parametric meta-model to a noisy objective function. As a part of GPR it is necessary to fit a covariance function that describes the spatial correlation or smoothness of the objective cost function. The meta-model with the covariance function effectively produces a built-in sensitivity analysis for the optimization as well.

Clinical Decision Support

2016 ◽  
pp. 209-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Shaha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical Layout

The purpose of healthcare information systems should tend toward helping clinicians make best decisions for the clinical benefits of their patients, as well as for the cost-related benefits of organisations, communities and societies. Too many healthcare organisations are opting toward technology-based systems that ensure cost-effectiveness as a priority over clinical quality, limiting clinician decisions toward compliance to established decisions and processes rather than toward innovative and impactful approaches to patient care. Compliance-based solutions assume that all hospitals are identical in populations served, clinician expertise or physical layout, all assumption fallacies. Best healthcare enhancing technology enables local adaptation with analytics for ongoing innovation to best optimise successes in care quality, cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Such systems are available, and best providers will encourage clinicians and operational leaders to ever-improve delivery of innovative, evolving health care. This chapter will discuss the right approaches towards improved clinical, costs, and efficiency gains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document