Influence of Environmental Design on Pedestrian Travel Behavior in Four Austin Neighborhoods

1997 ◽  
Vol 1578 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Shriver
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Pedestrian Travel ◽  
Similar Density

Results of a pedestrian survey conducted in two pairs of Austin, Texas, neighborhoods that possess either pedestrian-oriented or automobile-oriented transportation system, land use, and design characteristics but similar density, housing, and sociodemographic characteristics are reported. Survey results identify the influence of contrasting neighborhood forms on structural characteristics of walk-activity patterns and attitudes as mediated by personal characteristics. Walk-activity patterns significantly vary between neighborhoods with different accessibility characteristics. In the physically accessible neighborhoods, walks are predominantly short and frequent utilitarian trips that involve more secondary activities. Activity in the less accessible neighborhoods is characterized by longer, less frequent recreational walks that involve fewer secondary activities. Results support the conclusion that neighborhood transportation, land use, and design characteristics influence walk distance, duration, purpose, and number of secondary activities. The importance of walking in general and for specific purposes also varies with the relative levels of environmental variables. In the traditional neighborhoods, walkable distances, access to transit, shops, and work are more important, as is the opportunity to be outdoors. In the modern neighborhoods, walkway continuity, trees, and interesting things to look at are more important environmental attributes, as is the opportunity to maintain health. Accessibility affects walk activities as well as associated attitudes, but it is mediated through personal factors such as number of household cars, number of children, and household size. Evidence that pedestrians more highly value the available opportunities for walking suggests that latent predilections towards walking shape residential preferences.

The Impact of Zoning and Built Environment Characteristics on Transit, Biking, and Walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Mueller ◽  
Daniel J. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Land Use Regulation ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

This study furthers existing research on the link between the built environment and travel behavior, particularly mode choice (auto, transit, biking, walking). While researchers have studied built environment characteristics and their impact on mode choice, none have attempted to measure the impact of zoning on travel behavior. By testing the impact of land use regulation in the form of zoning restrictions on travel behavior, this study expands the literature by incorporating an additional variable that can be changed through public policy action and may help cities promote sustainable real estate development goals. Using a unique, high-resolution travel survey dataset from Denver, Colorado, we develop a multinomial discrete choice model that addresses unobserved travel preferences by incorporating sociodemographic, built environment, and land use restriction variables. The results suggest that zoning can be tailored by cities to encourage reductions in auto usage, furthering sustainability goals in transportation.

scholarly journals Testing a Process-Product Framework for Conceptualizing Motivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
David Palmer
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Active State ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Product Phase ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Teacher Enthusiasm ◽  
Process Product

This study explored the idea that motivation for learning can be a process as well as a product: the product being an active state of motivation whereas the process would include the antecedents that created that state. This hypothesis was tested by interviewing 47 university students immediately after normal lectures. Results showed that 89% had experienced an active state of motivation (the product phase) that was influenced by antecedents that included personal characteristics (e.g., self-efficacy, individual interest), temporal personal factors (mood, fatigue), and contextual factors (teacher enthusiasm and “interestingness”). It was concluded that process-product is a potentially useful framework for conceptualizing motivation.

Frontiers in Land Use and Travel Research

2012 ◽  
pp. 633-664
Author(s):  
Marlon G. Boarnet
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Key Issues

This article examines research concerning land use and travel behavior in relation to urban planning. It summarizes the standard approach to studying land use and travel behavior, and identifies the key issues that should be the focus of planning research going forward. The analysis reveals that the literature on land use and travel behavior has so far focused almost exclusively on hypothesis tests regarding the association between the built environment and travel, and on the magnitude of the associations.

scholarly journals Personal characteristics of parents of children with special educational needs in education

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
A.S. Mambetalina ◽  
◽  
M.D. Muratova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Parental Attitude ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Factor Of Influence

The article examines the study of personal characteristics of parents of children with special educational needs in education (SEN) in the city of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Today, the problem of studying a family, raising children with special needs in education is relevant and requires extensive research. This is confirmed by the large number of children with SEN in Kazakhstan. The study is aimed in particular at studying the factor of influence of certain parental personality traits and characteristics (mechanisms of psychological defense, coping-strategy and guilt conscience) on the child and on his abilities and success in educational and correctional processes. The scientific novelty of the results of this article lies in the correlation between the personal characteristics of the parents of children with SEN with the data that determine the parental attitude towards the child and the impact of the studied indicators of the parents on the child’s progress in correctional and specialized educational programs.

scholarly journals The Factors of Deterioration of Natural Pastures From The View Point of Agricultural Employees in Al-Muthanna Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
Emad Fahad Nafeh Al-Bahli ◽  
Mahmoud Hadis Jassim Al-Jumaili
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Work Location ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The research aimed to determine the impact studied factors represented by (people’s activities, government activities, natural factors) on the deterioration of natural pastures in the Governorate of Al-Muthanna the point of view of agricultural employees in the governorate. The research included all agricultural employees with a preparatory scientific qualification in agriculture and above in the governorate their number is (94) employees. A questionnaire was prepared to collect the data necessary to achieve the objectives of the research. It consisted of two parts. The first part included the factors related to the employees, which are (term of service, academic achievement, participation in extension activities, job position and work location). The second part included a measure to identify the agricultural employees’ the point of view of on the factors affecting the deterioration of natural pastures. It consists of (46) section spread over (3) field covered by the research. The results showed that government activities have the most impact on the deterioration of natural pastures, it was found a statistically significant difference in the respondents’ point of view about the influence of the studied factors according to their personal characteristics. The researchers concluded the necessity of agricultural expansion in pasture lands and industrial investments, as well as the importance of personal factors in assigning employees who can work in the development of natural pastures, and the researchers recommend activating government laws for the protection of natural pastures to prevent abuses (people’s activities, government activities) that contributed greatly to the deterioration of vegetation cover in the research area and taking into account the factors studied in the selection of workers in the development of natural pastures in the research area.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TEACHERS’ PREPAREDNESS TO WORK IN THE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Mariya Hlynska
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
National Education ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Readiness Level

Abstract. The article analyzes the teachers᾿ readiness to work in field of inclusive education. It is emphasized that in the context of educational reforms, the question of the feasibility of introducing inclusive education has become acute. This involves educating children with disabilities in comprehensive schools and kindergartens ‒ together with peers who are developing normally. According to the content of the modern national education model, it is assumed that the number of people with disabilities who get educational services in public institutions will increase. At the same time, in accordance with the national action strategy in the interests of children, it is planned to reduce the number of children with disabilities who remained outside the education system, for some objective reasons. Accordingly, it requires new demands on teachers, requires the expansion of their functional responsibilities, changes in professionally significant and personal characteristics. Modern society makes new demands on teachers ‒ the willingness and ability to teach all children without exceptions, regardless of their inclinations, abilities and disabilities. At the same time, the widespread use of a new category of children in kindergartens and secondary schools has led to changes in the teachers᾿ working conditions. The range of teachers᾿ pedagogical interests has significantly expanded. There is a social demand for updating the content of professional training, which includes issues of inclusive education. As a result of the conducted empirical research showed mostly the average, and also low readiness level for work in the inclusive education conditions. The respondents revealed interest in the education problems and raising children with disabilities together with their healthy peers, but just a small number of teachers are willing to work in these conditions. The reason is the lack of knowledges about the peculiarities of the children development, their special educational needs and the pace of progress in the educational process.

scholarly journals Adolescent Obesity and its association with socio-demographic profile, lifestyle factors, dietary and physical activity patterns; findings from southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleye Abiodun Adeomi ◽  
Monday Daniel Olodu ◽  
Sodiq Yaya ◽  
Adediti Ademiju ◽  
Raphael Ajibade
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family

Abstract BackgroundThe prevalence of adolescent obesity is rising in all parts of the world, but only very few studies have considered factors influencing obesity among Nigerian adolescents. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and its association with socio-demographic profile, lifestyle factors, dietary patterns and physical activity patterns among in-school adolescents in Southwest, Nigeria.MethodA total sample size of 400 in-school adolescents was selected through a multi-stage sampling technique from secondary schools in Ile-Ife. The dietary patterns were assessed using a 92-item QFFQ, while the activity patterns were assessed using the physical activity questionnaire for older children and adolescents. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS.ResultThere were 211 (52.8%) males and 189 (47.3%) females, with mean ages of 14.8 ± 2.1 and 14.4 ± 1.9 years respectively. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8%, and the associated factors were age, sex, class, the number of children in the family, birth orders and the dietary pattern dominated by starchy foods, roots and tubers (p < 0.05). However, no significant relationship existed between adolescents’ obesity and lifestyle factors, as well as physical activity patterns (p > 0.05). After controlling for confounders, age, number of children and birth orders remained significant.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight/obesity was relatively high among the respondents, and this was associated with the age, number of children in the family and the birth order of the adolescents. The findings of this study underscore the importance of family planning to the control of the obesity epidemic in Nigeria.

scholarly journals EXPLORA CUESTIONARIO PARA LA ORIENTACIÓN VOCACIONAL Y PROFESIONAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
José Manuel Martínez Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Professional Fields

Abstract.EXPLORA QUESTIONNAIRE FOR VOCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCEThe guidance and career counseling are increasingly needed in our educational system to the extent that career decision making is seen as an increasingly complex process that is affected by personal factors ( questions , immaturity , indecision, preparation and information of our students ) and contextual factors ( situation of the labor market , globalization , increased specialization and elective subjects , modification training routes , creation of new degrees , ...). From this perspective it is necessary that professional counseling and educational and vocational guidance have the precise tools to stimulate the development of vocational maturity of our young people they can get to make effective decisions realistic and mature. The aim of this paper is to present the psychometric characteristics of the EXPLORA, Questionnaire for Vocational Guidance. The EXPLORA assesses six professional fields (Technical- Manual , Scientific - Investigative, Artistic , Creative , Social - Assistive, Persuasive Business - and Office- Management ), which correspond to the types and environmental models of the theory of Holland ( 1997) , taking into account the interests , skills and personal characteristics of the individuals . In order to assess its psychometric properties was applied to a sample of 3570 subjects from different educational levels. The reliability of the scales measured by Cronbach ‘s alpha coefficient ranged between 0.92 and 0.94 . The different procedures used to test its construct validity and criterial evidence the suitability of the instrument to the theoretical model on which it is based. The results allow us to conclude that this instrument has sufficient scientific and technical assurance processes for application in orientation and vocational counseling.Keyword: Vocational interest assessment, vocational guidance, vocational counseling, career decision making, vocational choiceResumen.La orientación y el asesoramiento vocacional se hacen cada vez más necesarios en nuestro sistema educativo en la medida que la toma de decisiones vocacionales se plantea como un proceso cada vez más complejo que se ve afectado tanto por factores personales (dudas, inmadurez, indecisión, falta de preparación y de información de nuestros estudiantes) como contextuales (situación del mercado de trabajo, globalización, incremento de la optatividad y de la especialización, modificación itinerarios formativos, creación de nuevas titulaciones,...). Desde esta perspectiva es preciso que los profesionales del asesoramiento y la orientación educativa y vocacional cuenten con los instrumentos y las herramientas precisas que les permitan estimular el desarrollo de la madurez vocacional de nuestros jóvenes de manera que éstos puedan llegar a tomar decisiones eficaces, realistas y maduras. El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar las características psicométricas del EXPLORA, Cuestionario para la Orientación Vocacional y Profesional. El EXPLORA evalúa seis campos profesionales (Técnico-Manual, Científico-Investigador, Artístico-Creativo, Social-Asistencial, Empresarial-Persuasivo y Oficina-Administración), que se corresponden con los tipos y modelos ambientales de la teoría de Holland (1997), teniendo en cuenta los intereses, las habilidades y las características personales de los evaluados. Con el fin de comprobar sus propiedades psicométricas se aplicó a una muestra de 3570 sujetos de diferentes niveles educativos. La fiabilidad de las escalas medida a través del Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach osciló entre 0.92 y 0.94. Los diferentes procedimientos utilizados para comprobar su validez de constructo y criterial evidencian la adecuación del instrumento al modelo teórico en el que se sustenta. Los resultados nos permiten concluir que este instrumento goza de la suficiente garantía científica y técnica para aplicarlo en procesos de orientación y de asesoramiento vocacional.Palabras claves. Evaluación intereses vocacionales, orientación vocacional, asesoramiento vocacional, toma de decisiones vocacionales, elección vocacional

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