Retained Austenite

Carburizing ◽  
1999 ◽  
pp. 77-97
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Fracture Behaviors ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture

Abstract This chapter addresses the issue of retained austenite in quenched carburized steels. It explains why retained austenite can be expected at the surface of case-hardened components, how to estimate the amount that will be present, and how to effectively stabilize or otherwise control it. It presents detailed images and data plots showing how retained austenite appears and how it influences hardness, tensile properties, residual stresses, fatigue and fracture behaviors, and wear resistance.

Carbides

Carburizing ◽  
1999 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Carbide Phases ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Fracture Behaviors ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Carburizing Process

Abstract This chapter discusses the formation of free carbides and their effect on case-carburized components. It explains how alloying elements influence the composition and structure of carbide phases produced at cooling rates typical of carburizing process. It describes the morphology and distribution of the various types of carbides formed and explains how they affect mechanical properties such as hardness, residual stresses, fatigue and fracture behaviors, and wear resistance. It also provides guidance for determining what processing conditions to avoid and when and why parts should be rejected.

Decarburization

Carburizing ◽  
1999 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Corrective Measures ◽  
Fracture Behaviors ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Characteristic Features

Abstract This chapter explains how decarburization can occur during carburizing processes and how to limit the severity of its effects. It describes the reactions and conditions that result in a loss of carbon atoms and how they vary with changes in the physical metallurgy of the affected material and the processing environment. It examines the characteristic features of decarburized microstructures and assesses their influence on hardness, residual stresses, and fatigue and fracture behaviors. It also discusses corrective measures and practical considerations regarding their use.

Carburizing

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Print Version ◽  
The Core ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture

Carburizing: Microstructures and Properties explains how to recognize and address problems associated with case carburizing treatments for steels. It examines the nature of internal oxidation, decarburization, free carbides, and retained austenite and their effect on fatigue and fracture strength, wear resistance, impact toughness, hardness, and other properties. It discusses the influence of grain size, microcracking, microsegregation, and nonmetallic inclusions and explains how composition and cooling rate determine the core properties of carburized steel parts and how alloy and carbon content largely determine the depth and hardness of the case. It also discusses the effect of tempering, refrigeration, grinding, roller burnishing, and shot peening, and makes extensive use of images, graphs, charts, and examples throughout. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-666-9, follow this link.

Postcarburizing Thermal Treatments

Carburizing ◽  
1999 ◽  
pp. 171-198
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Fracture Behaviors ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Abstract This chapter familiarizes readers with tempering and refrigeration treatments and their effect on case-carburized parts. It explains how tempering makes such parts easier to machine, more structurally and dimensionally stable, and more durable in certain applications. It identifies key process parameters and provides test data showing how they affect hardness, yield strength, bending and contact fatigue, and fracture toughness. It also addresses potential problems stemming from process-related factors such as the presence of hydrogen and the effects of aging and grinding. In regard to refrigeration, the chapter explains that it is not uncommon for subzero treatments to be included in the production of carburized parts whether as a standard procedure or optional step. Subzero cooling promotes the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, thereby increasing surface hardness and reducing the propensity of quenched carburized steels to burn and crack during surface grinding. The chapter includes numerous data plots and tables showing how the various treatments influence hardness, wear resistance, tensile properties, and fatigue and fracture behaviors.

COLMONOY No. 83 PTA

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Plasma Transferred Arc ◽  
Transferred Arc ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract COLMONOY No. 83 PTA is a nickel-base hard surfacing alloy containing tungsten carbide. The application method is plasma transferred arc and the application is designed to protect extrusion screws. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive strength. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as machining and powder metal forms. Filing Code: Ni-493. Producer or source: Wall Colmonoy Corporation.

DELTALLOY 4032

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Single Point ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Corrosion And Wear

Abstract Deltalloy 4032 has good machinability and drilling characteristics when using single-point or multispindle screw machines and an excellent surface finish using polycrystalline or carbide tooling. The alloy demonstrates superior wear resistance and may eliminate the need for hard coat anodizing. Deltalloy 4032 is characterized by high strength and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion and wear resistance as well as machining and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-347. Producer or source: ALCOA Wire, Rod & Bar Division.

DELORO N-6 PM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract DELORO N-6 PM is a nickel-base alloy recommended for handling conditions of wear, erosion, heat and corrosion when impact is also a consideration. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as machining and joining. Filing Code: Ni-422. Producer or source: Deloro Stellite Inc.

ABK METAL

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Brake Shoe ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Chromium Cast Iron

Abstract ABK Metal is a nickel-chromium cast iron with excellent wear resistance, recommended for severe abrasive service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive strength. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CI-4. Producer or source: American Brake Shoe Company.

RED X-20

Alloy Digest ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Aluminum Silicon Alloy ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract RED X-20 is a heat treatable hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with excellent wear resistance and a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-89. Producer or source: Apex Smelting Company.

AISI C1060

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills

Abstract AISI C1060 is a high-carbon water or oil hardening tool and spring steel recommended for heavy machinery parts, shafts, springs and miscellaneous tools requiring strength and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-32. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

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