scholarly journals Betaxolol, Brimonidin and Carteolol in the Therapy of Normal-Tension Glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Ján Lešták ◽  
Martin Fůs ◽  
Iveta Weissová ◽  
Klára Marešová
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Local Side ◽  
Therapy Treatment

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate influence of betaxolol, brimonidine and carteolol in the progression of the visual field defects during time at patients with normotensive glaucoma (NTG). Materials and methods: This study included (60 eyes of) 30 patients with NTG. First group consisted of 20 eyes of 10 patients of the average age of 58.5 years, who were treated by betaxolol. Second group also consisted of 20 eyes of 10 patients of the average age of 62.6 years and they were treated by brimonidine. Third group had the same count of the eyes and patients, the average age was 61.1 years and these patients were treated by carteolol. Diagnose of NTG was based on the comprehensive ophthalmological examination including electroretinography and visual evoked potentials. Visual fields were examined by fast threshold glaucoma test using Medmont M700 device. We compared pattern defect (PD) in the visual field for 3 years. The including criteria were: similar visual field findings at the beginning of the study, stable eye therapy (treatment was not changed during the study), uncorrected or best corrected (up to +-3 D) visual acuity of 1,0 of ETDRS, intraocular pressure between 10-15 mm Hg, if present, then compensated cardiovascular disease, no other internal or neurological disorders. Results: We didn’t notice any statistically important difference of PD. The study revealed that brimonidin (p=0,99) and betaxolol (p = 0,81) had the best effect. Conclusion: Local therapy of betaxolol, brimonidine and carteolol has an essential clinical value in normotensive glaucoma. All the mentioned treatments had a protective effect on the visual field. However, local side-effects of brimonidinu are a question.

Arteriovenous malformations in the optic apparatus: systematic literature review and report of four cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Visish M. Srinivasan ◽  
Phiroz E. Tarapore ◽  
Stefan W. Koester ◽  
Joshua S. Catapano ◽  
Caleb Rutledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Subtotal Resection

OBJECTIVE Rare arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the optic apparatus account for < 1% of all AVMs. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature for cases of optic apparatus AVMs and present 4 cases from their institution. The literature is summarized to describe preoperative characteristics, surgical technique, and treatment outcomes for these lesions. METHODS A comprehensive search of the English-language literature was performed in accordance with established Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify all published cases of AVM in the optic apparatus in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The authors also searched their prospective institutional database of vascular malformations for such cases. Data regarding the clinical and radiological presentation, visual acuity, visual fields, extent of resection, and postoperative outcomes were gathered. RESULTS Nine patients in the literature and 4 patients in the authors’ single-surgeon series who fit the inclusion criteria were identified. The median age at presentation was 29 years (range 8–39 years). Among these patients, 11 presented with visual disturbance, 9 with headache, and 1 with multiple prior subarachnoid hemorrhages; the AVM in 1 case was found incidentally. Four patients described prior symptoms of headache or visual disturbance consistent with sentinel events. Visual acuity was decreased from baseline in 10 patients, and 11 patients had visual field defects on formal visual field testing. The most common visual field defect was temporal hemianopia, found in one or both eyes in 7 patients. The optic chiasm was affected in 10 patients, the hypothalamus in 2 patients, the optic nerve (unilaterally) in 8 patients, and the optic tract in 2 patients. Six patients underwent gross-total resection; 6 patients underwent subtotal resection; and 1 patient underwent craniotomy, but no resection was attempted. Postoperatively, 9 of the patients had improved visual function, 1 had no change, and 3 had worse visual acuity. Eight patients demonstrated improved visual fields, 1 had no change, and 4 had narrowed fields. CONCLUSIONS AVMs of the optic apparatus are rare lesions. Although they reside in a highly eloquent region, surgical outcomes are generally good; the majority of patients will see improvement in their visual function postoperatively. Microsurgical technique is critical to the successful removal of these lesions, and preservation of function sometimes requires subtotal resection of the lesion.

Influence of Carteolol and Timolol on IOP and Visual Fields in Glaucoma: A Multi-Center, Double-Masked, Prospective Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Flammer ◽  
Y. Kitazawa ◽  
L. Bonomi ◽  
B. Mills ◽  
M. Fsadni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Visual Field Damage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Field Defects

The influences of Carteolol and Timolol eye drops on intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual fields were compared in a multi-center, double-masked, prospective study. Two-hundred and forty eyes of 120 patients were initially included in the study, and 142 eyes of 72 patients fulfilled all the criteria for final statistical analysis. Both drugs significantly reduced IOP. The visual fields in both treatment groups did not change during one year of treatment. In both groups some patients improved slightly, and others deteriorated slightly. This indicates that locally applied beta-blockers may efficiently stop further progression of visual field defects in cases with increased IOP and early visual field damage. There was no difference between Carteolol and Timolol in this regard. The side effects were minimal, and there were no differences in their frequency or intensity in the two treatment groups.

Optical Coherent Tomography Predicts Long-Term Visual Outcome of Pituitary Adenoma Surgery: New Perspectives From a 5-Year Follow-up Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Soo Chung ◽  
Minkyun Na ◽  
Jihwan Yoo ◽  
Woohyun Kim ◽  
In-Ho Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract BACKGROUND Compressive optic neuropathy is the most common indication for transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a useful visual assessment tool for predicting postoperative visual field recovery. OBJECTIVE To analyze visual parameters and their association based on long-term follow-up. METHODS Only pituitary adenoma patients with abnormal visual field defects were selected. A total of 188 eyes from 113 patients assessed by visual field index (VFI) and 262 eyes from 155 patients assessed by mean deviation (MD) were enrolled in this study. Postoperative VFI, MD, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were evaluated and followed up. After classifying the patients into normal (&gt;5%) and thin (&lt;5%) RNFL groups, we investigated whether preoperative RNFL could predict visual field outcomes. We also observed how RNFL changes after surgery on a long-term basis. RESULTS Both preoperative VFI and MD had a linear proportional relationship with preoperative RNFL thickness. Sustained improvement of the visual field was observed after surgery in both groups, and the degree of improvement over time in each group was similar. RNFL thickness continued to decrease until 36 mo after surgery (80.2 ± 13.3 μm to 66.6 ± 11.9 μm) while visual field continued to improve (VFI, 61.8 ± 24.5 to 84.3 ± 15.4; MD, −12.9 ± 7.3 dB to −6.3 ± 5.9 dB). CONCLUSION Patients with thin preoperative RNFL may experience visual recovery similar to those with normal preoperative RNFL; however, the probability of normalized visual fields was not comparable. RNFL thickness showed a strong correlation with preoperative visual field defect. Long-term follow-up observation revealed a discrepancy between anatomic and functional recovery.

Reading with Visual Field Defects

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Trauzettel-Klosinski
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Field Defects

The influence of different visual field defects on the reading performance was examined with potential adaptive strategies to improve the reading process in mind. By means of an SLO, the retinal fixation locus (RFL) was determined with the use of single targets and text, and eye movements scanning the text were recorded on video tape. Additionally, eye movements were monitored by an Infrared Limbus Tracker. Visual fields were assessed by the Tübingen Manual and/or automatic perimetry. Normal subjects, and patients with central scotomata, ring scotomata, and hemianopic field defects (HFD) were examined. The main pathological reading parameters were an increase of saccade frequency and regressions per line, and a decrease of reading speed. In patients with field defects involving the visual field centre, fixation behaviour is significant for regaining reading ability. In absolute central scotoma, the lost foveal function promotes eccentric fixation. The remaining problem is insufficient resolution of the RFL, which can be compensated for by magnification of the text. In patients with insufficient size of their reading visual field, due to HFD and ring scotoma, it is crucial that they learn to use a new RFL despite intact foveolar function. Preconditions for reading have been found to be: (1) sufficient resolution of the RFL, (2) a reading visual field of a minimum extent, and (3) intact basic oculomotor function. In patients with visual field defects involving the centre, a sensory-motor adaptation process is required: the use of a new RFL as the new centre of the visual field and as the new zero point for eye-movement coordinates.

Influence of Nifedipine on the Visual Fields of Patients with Optic-Nerve-Head Diseases

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z. Gaspar ◽  
J. Flammer ◽  
PH. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Glaucoma Patient ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Channel Blockers

Calcium-channel blockers have long been employed in coronary disease, and recent investigations have indicated their efficacy in improving the visual field in low-tension glaucoma or presumed vasospasm, possibly by enhancing ocular circulation. We evaluated the short-term influence of a typical calcium-channel blocker, nifedipine, on 59 patients with visual-field defects, some with optic-nerve-head pathology (n = 38) and some with normal-appearing optic nerve heads (n = 21). On the average, a statistically significant improvement of 1.2 dB was observed. Different types of patients, however, behaved quite differently. The younger the patient, the greater the improvement. Patients with normal optic nerve heads improved by 1.54 dB, whereas patients with optic-nerve-head excavation improved by only 0.66 dB. No response was observed in patients with anterior ischemic neuropathy. Marked deterioration was noted in one glaucoma patient with low systemic blood pressure. The visual-field changes were observed in the scotomatous and non-scotomatous areas. Thus, the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine can be effective in some selected diseases whose pathogenesis probably involves vascular dysregulation though it may even be contraindicated in others

Comparison of Visual Field Defects in Normal-Tension Glaucoma and High-Tension Glaucoma: Reply

1986 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-404
Author(s):  
Deen King ◽  
Stephen M. Drance ◽  
Gordon R. Douglas ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Kees Wijsman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Field Defects

scholarly journals Visual Field Defect after Cardiac Surgery: The Striking Role of Interdisciplinary Collaboration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Raffaele Nuzzi ◽  
Carlo Lavia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Cortical Blindness ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Intraoperative Hypotension ◽  
Perioperative Visual Loss ◽  
Vascular Occlusions

Perioperative visual loss (POVL) is a potentially devastating complication that can occur following ocular or nonocular surgery. The leading causes of this disease are retinal vascular occlusions, ischemic optic neuropathies, and cortical blindness. POVL pathogenesis is strictly influenced by surgery, anesthesia, and patients’ comorbidities. We report of a 55-year-old caucasian man who presented with complaints of sudden painless loss of vision and unilateral campimetric deficit. We recorded a preserved visual acuity but at fundus examination a bilateral ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) was suspected. Our hypothesis was supported by uncommon and peculiar visual field defects and a history of cardiovascular surgery shortly before was a striking data. When we examined his medical records we found strong accordance with what is reported in literature to be risk factors for postoperative ION development. He presented intraoperative hypotension, anemia, and hypothermia, he was older than 50 years, and surgery lasted for more than five hours. We are currently monitoring his visual acuity and visual fields which remain unchanged. As there is no proved therapy for such severe adverse events, we recommend intraoperative check of blood pressure, blood loss, and body temperature, associated with repeated eye checks and patients’ interview.

Blindsight in Subjects with Homonymous Visual Field Defects

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Schärli ◽  
Alison M. Harman ◽  
John H. Hogben
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Visual Ability ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Better Than

Brain damage in the visual system can lead to apparently blind visual areas. However, more elaborate testing indicates that some visual ability may still exist for specific stimuli in the otherwise blind regions. This phenomenon is called “blindsight” if subjects report no conscious awareness of visual stimuli but when forced to guess, nevertheless perform better than chance. It has mainly been suggested that secondary visual pathways are responsible for this phenomenon. However, no published study has clearly shown the neural mechanism responsible for blindsight. Furthermore, experimental artifacts may have been responsible for the appearance of the phenomenon in some subjects. In the present study, the visual fields of nine subjects were mapped and residual visual performance was examined in many areas using three different experimental procedures. Artifacts such as stray light or eye movements were well controlled. In addition, confidence ratings were required after each trial in the forced-choice tests. The results show that only one subject with a lesion in the optic radiation had blindsight in two discrete areas of the affected visual field. Spared optic radiation fibers of the main (primary) geniculo-striate visual pathway were most likely to account for this finding.

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