Reading with Visual Field Defects

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Trauzettel-Klosinski
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Field Defects

The influence of different visual field defects on the reading performance was examined with potential adaptive strategies to improve the reading process in mind. By means of an SLO, the retinal fixation locus (RFL) was determined with the use of single targets and text, and eye movements scanning the text were recorded on video tape. Additionally, eye movements were monitored by an Infrared Limbus Tracker. Visual fields were assessed by the Tübingen Manual and/or automatic perimetry. Normal subjects, and patients with central scotomata, ring scotomata, and hemianopic field defects (HFD) were examined. The main pathological reading parameters were an increase of saccade frequency and regressions per line, and a decrease of reading speed. In patients with field defects involving the visual field centre, fixation behaviour is significant for regaining reading ability. In absolute central scotoma, the lost foveal function promotes eccentric fixation. The remaining problem is insufficient resolution of the RFL, which can be compensated for by magnification of the text. In patients with insufficient size of their reading visual field, due to HFD and ring scotoma, it is crucial that they learn to use a new RFL despite intact foveolar function. Preconditions for reading have been found to be: (1) sufficient resolution of the RFL, (2) a reading visual field of a minimum extent, and (3) intact basic oculomotor function. In patients with visual field defects involving the centre, a sensory-motor adaptation process is required: the use of a new RFL as the new centre of the visual field and as the new zero point for eye-movement coordinates.

Influence of Carteolol and Timolol on IOP and Visual Fields in Glaucoma: A Multi-Center, Double-Masked, Prospective Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Flammer ◽  
Y. Kitazawa ◽  
L. Bonomi ◽  
B. Mills ◽  
M. Fsadni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Visual Field Damage ◽  
One Year ◽  
Field Defects

The influences of Carteolol and Timolol eye drops on intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual fields were compared in a multi-center, double-masked, prospective study. Two-hundred and forty eyes of 120 patients were initially included in the study, and 142 eyes of 72 patients fulfilled all the criteria for final statistical analysis. Both drugs significantly reduced IOP. The visual fields in both treatment groups did not change during one year of treatment. In both groups some patients improved slightly, and others deteriorated slightly. This indicates that locally applied beta-blockers may efficiently stop further progression of visual field defects in cases with increased IOP and early visual field damage. There was no difference between Carteolol and Timolol in this regard. The side effects were minimal, and there were no differences in their frequency or intensity in the two treatment groups.

scholarly journals The Effects of Superior and Inferior Visual Field Defects on Reading Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (0) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Miharu Shimizu ◽  
Jun Sugasawa ◽  
Masahiro Tonari ◽  
Mieko Hamamura ◽  
Keiko Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Field Defects

Normal visual fields as assessed by computerized static threshold perimetry in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Hallengren ◽  
Per Manhem ◽  
Margareta Bramnert ◽  
Inga Redlund-Johnell ◽  
Anders Heijl
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computerized Perimetry ◽  
Assisted Analysis ◽  
Field Defects

Abstract. In this prospective study, 25 consecutive patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism were tested with a highly sensitive perimetric technique, since a high prevalence of visual field defects has been described in this condition. All patients had clinical hypothyroidism, a serum TSH value > 20 mU/l (reference range 0.4–4.0) and decreased/low normal serum total T4 concentration. Visual fields were tested with fully automated threshold-measuring computerized perimetry of the central 30 degrees field. Interpretation of fields included computer-assisted analysis provided by a perimetric statistical programme package. In 23 patients, conventional inspection and computer-assisted analysis showed no visual field defects. Two patients were excluded from the latter analysis: one patient who did not respond adequately at computerized perimetry and in whom manual field tests were entirely normal; one patient who had low sensitivity values in the uppermost parts of both visual fields owing to markedly swollen upper eye lids. In conclusion, although pituitary hyperplasia has been well documented in primary hypothyroidism, the present prospective study clearly indicates that visual field defects are not a common finding in patients with this disease.

Retrogeniculate Visual Field Defects

Visual Fields ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Hedges III
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Field Defects ◽  
Macular Sparing

Automated perimetry has changed visual field testing considerably in recent years. What was considered an art has become an exercise in interpreting a set of data points obtained mechanically. Automated perimetry saves ophthalmologists time, which ideally should allow for more visual fields to be obtained on patients with unexplained vision loss. However, one must still keep in mind that automated perimetry still depends on the subjective responses from the patient. More important, automated perimetry has made interpretation of visual field defects, especially those due to occipital lesions, more difficult. For example, macular sparing may not be reflected, especially with programs limited to the central 24° or 30°. A 10° field may be required to show macular sparing. Also, sparing or involvement of the temporal crescent will not be shown with 24° or 30° visual fields. The limitation of most programs may lead to the appearance of incongruity when in fact the field is indeed congruous. Sometimes, a small homonymous hemianopic scotoma will be detected when one eye is tested but will be completely missed when the other eye is tested, giving the false impression that the visual loss is monocular. This is especially problematic if the patient also falsely interprets his or her homonymous loss of vision as monocular. Such individuals may complain of loss of vision in one eye when in fact it is one half of their visual field that is defective. The strategy of automated testing on either side the vertical and horizontal meridians may lead to the false impression that field defects respect the vertical or horizontal meridian when they do not. Automated perimetry should make it possible to test more patients with unexplained vision loss, but all automated visual fields must be interpreted with caution and, when necessary, substantiated with some other method, such as the tangent screen, which remains the most powerful method of detecting the size, shape, and density of visual field defects. Because most ophthalmologists no longer use tangent screen testing, at least an Amlser grid should be used to qualify the nature of a paracentral visual field defect.

scholarly journals Eye-tracking-based visual field analysis (EFA): a reliable and precise perimetric methodology for the assessment of visual field defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000429
Author(s):  
Michael Christian Leitner ◽  
Florian Hutzler ◽  
Sarah Schuster ◽  
Lorenzo Vignali ◽  
Patrick Marvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Field Defects

ObjectiveSeveral studies report evidence for training-related neuroplasticity in the visual cortex, while other studies suggest that improvements simply reflect inadequate eye fixation control during perimetric prediagnostics and postdiagnostics.Methods and analysisTo improve diagnostics, a new eye-tracking-based methodology for visual field analysis (eye-tracking-based visual field analysis (EFA)) was developed. The EFA is based on static automated perimetry and additionally takes individual eye movements in real time into account and compensates for them. In the present study, an evaluation of the EFA with the help of blind spots of 58 healthy participants and the individual visual field defects of 23 clinical patients is provided. With the help of the EFA, optical coherence tomography, Goldmann perimetry and a Humphrey field analyser, these natural and acquired scotomas were diagnosed and the results were compared accordingly.ResultsThe EFA provides a SE of measurement of 0.38° for the right eye (OD) and 0.50° for the left eye (OS), leading to 0.44° of visual angle for both eyes (OU). Based on participants’ individual results, the EFA provides disattenuated correlation (validity) of 1.00 for both OD and OS. Results from patients suffering from cortical lesions and glaucoma further indicate that the EFA is capable of diagnosing acquired scotoma validly and is applicable for clinical use.ConclusionOutcomes indicate that the EFA is highly reliable and precise in diagnosing individual shape and location of scotoma and capable of recording changes of visual field defects (after intervention) with unprecedented precision. Test duration is comparable to established instruments and due to the high customisability of the EFA, assessment duration can be shortened by adapting the diagnostic procedure to the patients’ individual visual field characteristics. Therefore, the saccade-compensating methodology enables researchers and healthcare professionals to rule out eye movements as a source of inaccuracies in pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments.

scholarly journals The effect of visual field defects on eye movements and practical fitness to drive

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja R.M Coeckelbergh ◽  
Frans W. Cornelissen ◽  
Wiebo H. Brouwer ◽  
Aart C. Kooijman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Field Defects
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