scholarly journals Hurricane Georges : headwater flooding, storm surge, beach erosion, and habitat destruction on the Central Gulf Coast

1998 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Beach Erosion

Estimating tsunami inundation from hurricane storm surge predictions along the U.S. gulf coast

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Pampell-Manis ◽  
Juan Horrillo ◽  
Jens Figlus
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Hurricane Storm Surge ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Response of Storm-Related Extreme Sea Level along the U.S. Atlantic Coast to Combined Weather and Climate Forcing

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 3745-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Yin ◽  
Stephen M. Griffies ◽  
Michael Winton ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Laure Zanna
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
The U.S

AbstractStorm surge and coastal flooding caused by tropical cyclones (hurricanes) and extratropical cyclones (nor’easters) pose a threat to communities along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Climate change and sea level rise are altering the statistics of these extreme events in a rather complex fashion. Here we use a fully coupled global weather/climate modeling system (GFDL CM4) to study characteristics of extreme daily sea level (ESL) along the U.S. Atlantic coast and their response to global warming. We find that under natural weather processes, the Gulf of Mexico coast is most vulnerable to storm surge and related ESL. New Orleans is a striking hotspot with the highest surge efficiency in response to storm winds. Under a 1% per year atmospheric CO2 increase on centennial time scales, the anthropogenic signal in ESL is robust along the U.S. East Coast. It can emerge from the background variability as soon as in 20 years, or even before global sea level rise is taken into account. The regional dynamic sea level rise induced by the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation facilitates this early emergence, especially during wintertime coastal flooding associated with nor’easters. Along the Gulf Coast, ESL is sensitive to the modification of hurricane characteristics under the CO2 forcing.

East Coast Cool-Weather Storms in the New York Metropolitan Region

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Salmun ◽  
A. Molod ◽  
F. S. Buonaiuto ◽  
K. Wisniewska ◽  
K. C. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract New York coastal regions are frequently exposed to winter extratropical storm systems that exhibit a wide range of local impacts. Studies of these systems either have used localized water-level or beach erosion data to identify and characterize the storms or have used meteorological conditions from reanalysis data to provide a general regional “climatology” of storms. The use of meteorological conditions to identify these storms allows an independent assessment of impacts on the coastal environment and therefore can be used to predict the impacts. However, the intensity of these storms can exhibit substantial spatial variability that may not be captured by the relatively large scales of the studies using reanalysis data, and this fact may affect the localized assessment of storm impact on the coastal communities. A method that uses data from National Data Buoy Center stations in the New York metropolitan area to identify East Coast cool-weather storms (ECCSs) and to describe their climatological characteristics is presented. An assessment of the presence of storm conditions and a three-level intensity scale was developed using surface pressure data as measured at the buoys. This study identified ECCSs during the period from 1977 through 2007 and developed storm climatologies for each level of storm intensity. General agreement with established climatologies demonstrated the robustness of the method. The impact of the storms on the coastal environment was assessed by computing “storm average” values of storm-surge data and by examining beach erosion along the south shore of Long Island, New York. A regression analysis demonstrated that the best storm-surge predictor is based on measurements of significant wave height at a nearby buoy.

Storm Surge Heights and Damage Caused by the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan Along the Leyte Gulf Coast

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1640005-1-1640005-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahito Mikami ◽  
Tomoya Shibayama ◽  
Hiroshi Takagi ◽  
Ryo Matsumaru ◽  
Miguel Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Gulf Coast

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Tropical Cyclone Size and Storm Surge Heights along the U.S. Gulf Coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal F. Needham ◽  
Barry D. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
The U.S

Abstract In the past decade, several large tropical cyclones have generated catastrophic storm surges along the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. These storms include Hurricanes Katrina, Ike, Isaac, and Sandy. This study uses empirical analysis of tropical cyclone data and maximum storm surge observations to investigate the role of tropical cyclone size in storm surge generation. Storm surge data are provided by the Storm Surge Database (SURGEDAT), a global storm surge database, while a unique tropical cyclone size dataset built from nine different data sources provides the size of the radius of maximum winds (Rmax) and the radii of 63 (34 kt), 93 (50 kt), and 119 km h−1 (64 kt) winds. Statistical analysis reveals an inverse correlation between storm surge magnitudes and Rmax sizes, while positive correlations exist between storm surge heights and the radius of 63 (34 kt), 93 (50 kt), and 119 km h−1 (64 kt) winds. Storm surge heights correlate best with the prelandfall radius of 93 km h−1 (50 kt) winds, with a Spearman correlation coefficient value of 0.82, significant at the 99.9% confidence level. Many historical examples support these statistical results. For example, the 1900 Galveston hurricane, the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, and Hurricane Camille all had small Rmax sizes but generated catastrophic surges. Hurricane Katrina provides an example of the importance of large wind fields, as hurricane-force winds extending 167 km [90 nautical miles (n mi)] from the center of circulation enabled this large storm to generate a higher storm surge level than Hurricane Camille along the same stretch of coast, even though Camille’s prelandfall winds were slightly stronger than Katrina’s. These results may be useful to the storm surge modeling community, as well as disaster science and emergency management professionals, who will benefit from better understanding the role of tropical cyclone size for storm surge generation.

scholarly journals Correlating Storm Surge Heights with Tropical Cyclone Winds at and before Landfall

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal F. Needham ◽  
Barry D. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Wind Surge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unique Dataset

Abstract This paper investigates relationships between storm surge heights and tropical cyclone wind speeds at 3-h increments preceding landfall. A unique dataset containing hourly tropical cyclone position and wind speed is used in conjunction with a comprehensive storm surge dataset that provides maximum water levels for 189 surge events along the U.S. Gulf Coast from 1880 to 2011. A landfall/surge classification was developed for analyzing the relationship between surge magnitudes and prelandfall winds. Ten of the landfall/surge event types provided useable data, producing 117 wind–surge events that were incorporated into this study. Statistical analysis indicates that storm surge heights correlate better with prelandfall tropical cyclone winds than with wind speeds at landfall. Wind speeds 18 h before landfall correlated best with surge heights. Raising wind speeds to exponential powers produced the best wind–surge fit. Higher wind–surge correlations were found when testing a more recent sample of data that contained 63 wind–surge events since 1960. The highest correlation for these data was found when wind speeds 18 h before landfall were raised to a power of 2.2, which provided R2 values that approached 0.70. The R2 values at landfall for these same data were only 0.44. Such results will be useful to storm surge modelers, coastal scientists, and emergency management personnel, especially when tropical cyclones rapidly strengthen or weaken while approaching the coast.

scholarly journals Cambios ambientales por los temporales de invierno de 2014 en la costa asturiana (NO de España)

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (34) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Flor ◽  
G. Flor-Blanco ◽  
C. Flores - Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Extraordinary Wave ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Response Models ◽  
The Future ◽  
Aeolian Dunes ◽  
Different Response

Resumen: Los temporales extraordinarios de febrero y marzo de 2014 provocaron erosiones inten­sas en las playas y retrocesos de frentes dunares en toda la costa cantábrica y Galicia, incluidos al­gunos tramos estuarinos externos, así como numerosos destrozos en obras civiles (diques, caminos, sendas, aparcamientos, áreas recreativas, escaleras en playas, mobiliario urbano, etc.). Se detallan algunas playas asturianas y áreas externas estuarinas que experimentaron los procesos más desas­trosos, de acuerdo con diferentes modelos de respuestas, donde los frentes dunares retrocedieron irreversiblemente y algunas playas se equilibrarán en el medio plazo. Esta ocasión única permite modelizar la gran variedad de rellenos sedimentarios en playas y el comportamiento de los campos dunares asociados, que se completará en un futuro estableciendo las pautas evolutivas.Palabras clave: playas, dunas, temporal extremo, erosión, retroceso, AsturiasAbstract: The extraordinary wave storms produced in February and March 2014 caused severe beach erosion and dune front retreat in the Cantabrian and Galician coasts, including some outer estuarine areas, as well as many damages in infrastructures (jetties, roads, footpaths, car parks, recreational areas, stairs on the beach, urban furniture, etc.). Some Asturian beaches and outer es­tuarine areas that experienced the most coastal damages are studied in detail, according to different response models, taking into account those dunar fronts that were irreversibly retreated, and some beaches will reach their short-term equilibrium state. This unique opportunity allows modeling the variety of sedimentary infills of beaches and associated aeolian dune fields which it will be comple­ted in the future by establishing the evolutionary patterns.Keywords: beaches, aeolian dunes, storm surge, erosion, retreat, Asturias

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