scholarly journals Trihalomethane formation potential of Kentucky River water

1992 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Kentucky River

Excitation-emission fluorescence spectra and trihalomethane formation potential in the Tama River, Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nakajima ◽  
M. Hanabusa ◽  
H. Furumai
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Wide Range

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to investigate the water quality in the Tama River, Japan, and the variation of the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) profiles of the river water was discussed with particular reference to trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The EEMs of the water downstream of a lake exhibited a small but strong peak at 225 nm (excitation)/295 nm (emission) and a weak one at 270 nm/295 nm, which seemed to be derived from algae. The EEMs of the water receiving treated sewage had a distinctive, large and broad peak at around 345 nm/430 nm and also a strong fluorescence at 240 nm/330-450 nm. From the comparison with EEMs of human urine, humic acid and a laundry detergent with fluorescent whitening agents, the peak at around 345 nm/430 nm on the EEM of treated sewage was also found on the EEM of the laundry detergent. The fluorescence intensity had a good correlation with T-THMFP for a wide range of excitation/emission wavelengths considered. The fluorescence intensity at 255-295 nm/345-385 nm correlated with T-THMFP better than E260, and the maximum value of the determination coefficient was R2 = 0.90 at 260 nm/355 nm, where no distinctive peak was found on the EEMs of the river water samples. The highest correlation coefficient between the fluorescent intensity and DOC was R2 = 0.77 at 280 nm/335 nm. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the fluorescence emission from a unit concentration of THM precursors was 1,000 times or more higher than that of the overall DOC, particularly in the wavelength range of 250-265 nm/325-480 nm, and that the THM precursors in the river water contributed to a much larger degree to the fluorescence than the other DOMs not forming THM.

Trihalomethane Formation Potential and Disinfection

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
C.R. Erland Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Surface Water Supply

Abstract The UVOX process was developed to reduce the high concentrations of trihalomethanes, a potentially hazardous disinfection by-product found in a surface water supply for a community in northeastern Saskatchewan. Pilot plant tests were conducted at a throughput of 1.25 l/s utilizing UV to produce hydroxyl radicals from photolysis of H2O2 with air cooled UV units. These tests continued through 1985 andl986 to provide operational data for all seasons of the year. Test results indicated that the UVOX process was effective in reducing trihalomethane formation potential to very low levels. Recent concerns have also centred on the biocidal effectivenesss of disinfectants, particularly when applied to inactivation of resistant species of microogranisms, such as the cysts of Giardia lamblia. The UVOX process in a single pass configuration slightly enhanced the ability of UV to inactivate Giardia cysts.

Using HPSEC to identify NOM fraction removal and the correlation with disinfection by-product precursors

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Yung-Chen Chou ◽  
Hsuan-Hsien Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Alum Coagulation ◽  
Aliphatic Biopolymer

In this study high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to compare an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and alum coagulation for their capacity to remove different fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) from water. At the same time, the removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, as measured by trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP), was also detected. The results show that the UF membrane mainly removed the aliphatic biopolymer fraction, while alum coagulation mainly removed the humic substances fraction. The results of DBP precursor analysis show that more THMFP was removed by the UF membrane than HAAFP, while the reverse was true for alum coagulation. It is conjectured that the aliphatic biopolymer fraction is the major precursor for trihalomethanes (THMs), while the humic substances fraction is the major precursor for haloacetic acids (HAAs).

scholarly journals Study on Pollution Load Analysis of Trihalomethane Formation Potential.

1996 ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Chun Mo Zhu ◽  
Masao Ukita ◽  
Hiroshi Nakanishi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Imai
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Load ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Load Analysis

Ozonation of natural organic matter and aquatic humic substances: the effects of ozone on the structural characteristics and subsequent trihalomethane formation potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Sadrnourmohammadi ◽  
Kenneth Brezinski ◽  
Beata Gorczyca
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Humic Fractions

Abstract The effect of ozonation on the structural and chemical characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) and its isolated humic fractions, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid, were studied using Fourier transform infrared coupled to attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, and synchronous scanning fluorescence (SSF) spectroscopy. The results were linked to the effect of ozonation on trihalomethane formation potential (THMfp) reduction for water standards with high THM precursors. Results showed that ozonation at a dose of 1 mg ozone/mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was capable of reducing DOC, UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and THMfp by up to 42%, 95%, and 89% for the HA water standard, respectively. The study of UV/Vis, FTIR-ATR, and SSF revealed trends showing that ozone can alter the composition of DOC in the water standards, causing a significant reduction in aromaticity. The reduction of UV254 for each ozonated sample also affirms that ozone mainly targets aromatic moieties contained in NOM. FTIR-ATR results showed that the reduction of unsaturated functional groups, including aromatic rings and C = C bonds in the water standards tested, were the main components impacted by ozone application. SSF results also revealed that ozonation decreases the fluorescence intensity of the maximum peak – as well as the whole spectra.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document