Trihalomethane Formation Potential of Filter Isolates of Electrolyte-Extractable Soil Organic Carbon

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1992-1997
Author(s):  
Alex T. Chow ◽  
Fengmao Guo ◽  
Suduan Gao ◽  
Richard S. Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Extractable Soil

Evaluation of odour removal by pilot-scale biological treatment process trains during spring runoff in an ice-covered river

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Hrudey ◽  
P. M. Huck ◽  
M. J. Mitton ◽  
S. L. Kenefick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Spring Runoff ◽  
Odour Removal ◽  
By Products

Biological water treatment has been shown to effectively remove biodegradable organic matter, chlorinated by-products and ozonation by-products from drinking water during a large pilot-scale study for the American Water Works Association Research Foundation using the North Saskatchewan River, at Edmonton. In addition to studying total organic carbon, assimilable organic carbon, chlorine demand, haloacetic acid formation potential, trihalomethane formation potential, adsorbable organic halide formation potential, chloral hydrate and aldehydes, this study used a flavour profile panel to follow the removal of odour through different process trains involving biological treatment during the annual spring runoff which has historically caused odour incidents in the water supply. Over the 5-week period of the study, the raw water was found to develop from a very mild grassy odour to a strong odour, variously characterized as septic, manure, musty, earthy and hay-like. The odour persisted and changed character to varying degrees through the various process trains under study. The results verified the futility of relying on a strictly oxidative treatment like ozone for odour removal as well as showing that biological treatment using granular activated carbon could produce an essentially odour-free effluent during a transient raw-water odour event.

Availability and uptake of boron in a group of pedogenetically related Canterbury, New Zealand soils

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Adams ◽  
Z Hamzah ◽  
RS Swift
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Boron Uptake ◽  
Extractable Soil

Amounts of soil boron extracted from six Canterbury, New Zealand soils by hot water (HWS), hot 0.02 M CaCl2, 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.05 M mannitol, and a boron specific resin were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with each other. The soils are all formed from greywacke alluvium and/or loess but cover a range of organic matter and clay contents. Hot water and hot 0.02 M CaCl2 yielded higher levels of extractable boron than did 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.05 M mannitol and the resin. Amounts of boron extracted by all four reagents were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon contents (and to a lesser extent clay contents), but not with soil pH. Dry matter yield and boron uptake by radishes (Raphanussativus L.) over two harvests increased with increasing extractable soil boron for all four extractants showing that all were suitable for assessing the boron available to radishes. Decreased yields occurred in soils with HWS or hot 0.02 M CaCl2 extractable boron levels less than 1.1 �g g-1 and were associated with a progressively lower allocation of dry matter to roots. For analytical purposes, the hot 0.02 M CaCl2 reagent provided the most convenient measure of available soil boron.

The sensitivity of water extractable soil organic carbon fractions to land use in three soil types

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1654-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ćirić ◽  
Milivoj Belić ◽  
Ljiljana Nešić ◽  
Srđan Šeremešić ◽  
Borivoj Pejić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Organic Carbon Fractions ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Fractions ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Extractable Soil

Water-Extractable Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Affected by Tillage and Manure Application

Soil Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchu Zhang ◽  
Zhongqi He ◽  
Aiqin Zhao ◽  
Hailin Zhang ◽  
Dinku M. Endale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Extractable Soil

Removal of natural organic matter and trihalomethane formation potential in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vasyukova ◽  
René Proft ◽  
Johanna Jousten ◽  
Irene Slavik ◽  
Wolfgang Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential

A multidisciplinary approach was applied in this work to characterise natural organic matter and evaluate the performance of a full-scale waterworks treating organic-rich surface water. It was shown that the combination of the treatment processes considered efficiently removed the dissolved organic matter, including its specific fractions. Most of the dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON), biodegradable DOC and DON, as well as assimilable organic carbon were removed by coagulation/sedimentation. However, the coagulation process was not likely to be optimised for the removal of all molecular weight compounds. The breakdown of high molecular weight compounds into others of low molecular weight, as well as the production of biodegradable organic matter during ozonation, proved to enhance their removal efficiency by subsequent biological activated carbon filtration. The specific trihalomethane formation potential decreased during treatment, indicating a decrease in reactivity of DOC with chlorine across the treatment train. Fractionation experiments demonstrated that high and medium molecular weight organics were likely to be the main precursors for the formation of trihalomethanes. However, other disinfection by-products (such as haloacetic acids) should also be controlled, as the chlorine demand pattern did not necessarily follow that of trihalomethane formation.

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