scholarly journals An empirical method for determining average soil infiltration rates and runoff, Powder River structural basin, Wyoming

1982 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Method ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates

Soils fieldwork, analysis, and interpretation to support hydraulic and hydrodynamic modelling in the Murray floodplains

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Vaze ◽  
Brian R. Jenkins ◽  
Jin Teng ◽  
Narendra K. Tuteja
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Rapid Appraisal ◽  
Floodplain Area ◽  
Similar Soil

There are limited datasets which cover the heavy clays found in the Murray floodplain area. To understand the processes associated with the water balance within the Koondrook–Perricoota Forest (KPF), detailed hydraulic and hydrodynamic modelling of the flood inundation patterns and overland flow in the KPF is required. Reliable and accurate soils information is critical for any credible hydrologic or hydrodynamic modelling results. Extensive fieldwork across the entire KPF and detailed laboratory testing of the collected samples was undertaken to produce soils information including: spatial distribution of soil types, soil stratigraphy along the surface and subsurface flowpaths, soil hydraulic properties, soil salinity, and soil organic matter. Soil sampling and soil profile descriptions were undertaken at 26 sites spread across the forest. Deep drilling was done at 12 sites to check the existence of ancestral streams and for salinity profiles; soil hydrology testing to estimate infiltration rates was undertaken at 10 sites. Rapid appraisal methods for soil infiltration were developed for the project. Results were compared to soil pedotransfer functions generated from laboratory results; soil indexes including the dispersibilty index and electrochemical stability index; and typical infiltration and permeability rates inferred from soil texture and structure. The results from this study and the archived soil physical and hydraulic datasets can be used for any detailed hydraulic or hydrodynamic modelling exercise in the Murray floodplain area with similar soil properties.

Assessment of variability of soil Infiltration Characteristics in Forage Cover

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
AKRAM AHMED ◽  
A. K. PAL ◽  
V. K. PANDEY ◽  
MAHENDRA PRASAD ◽  
ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Horton Model

In India, very limited knowledge of soil infiltration characteristics in forages are available. In this study, infiltration characteristics of land covered by six forages have been studied with respect to bare land in sandy loam soil. Two empirical (Kostiakov and Horton) and two physically-based (Phillip and Green‒Ampt) models have been employed to estimate infiltration characteristics and compared with observed field infiltration data. The steady-state infiltration rates measured in forages and bare land were significantly (p less than 0.05) different. The highest average steady-state infiltration rate was measured in Panicum maximum (9.00 cm h-1) followed by TSH (7.40 cm h-1) and least was recorded in Cenchrus ciliaris (2.65 cm h-1) whereas the average steady-state infiltration rate recorded for bare land was 1.90 cm h-1. Results showed that the Kostiakov and Phillip model simulated the field infiltration characteristics with higher accuracy than the two other models except for Chrysopogonfulvus and bare land in which the Horton model outperformed other models. Higher steady-state infiltration rates in forages were attributed to more porosity measured in the soils under forages as compared to bare land.

scholarly journals Increase and Spatial Variation in Soil Infiltration Rates Associated with Fibrous and Tap Tree Roots

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dashuai Zhang ◽  
Zhaogeng Wang ◽  
Qizhong Guo ◽  
Jijian Lian ◽  
Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Urban Stormwater Management ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Malus Baccata ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Trees play important roles in urban stormwater management; through the loosening of soils by root growth, they increase infiltration and reduce runoff, helping to mitigate flooding and recharge groundwater. Malus baccata with fibrous roots and Sophora japonica with tap roots were studied experimentally to assess their enhancement of soil infiltration. A blank test without a tree was conducted for comparison. Steady-state soil infiltration rates at the bottom of test tanks were measured as 0.28 m/d, 0.33 m/d, and 0.61 m/d for the blank test, M. baccata, and S. japonica, respectively. This represents a 19% increase in the infiltration rate by planting M. baccata and a 118% increase by planting S. japonica. A larger increase in the infiltration rate by S. japonica is consistent with the effects of deeper and more vertical roots that help loosen deeper soils. Spatial variations in soil infiltration rates were also measured. Infiltration rates for M. baccata (1.06 m/d and 0.62 m/d) were larger than those for S. japonica (0.91 m/d and 0.51 m/d) at the same depths (0.35 m and 0.70 m); this is consistent with the expected effects of the shallower and more lateral roots of M. baccata. This study furthers our understanding of the roles of trees in watersheds and urban environments.

scholarly journals Water Infiltration and Surface Runoff in Steep Clayey Soils of Olive Groves under Different Management Practices

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bombino ◽  
Pietro Denisi ◽  
Josè Gómez ◽  
Demetrio Zema
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Olive Groves

When olive groves are cultivated on clayey soils with steep gradients, as in many Mediterranean areas, reducing the runoff and soil erosion rates by adopting proper soil management practices is imperative. A soil cover by pruning residues may represent an alternative to the commonly adopted mechanical tillage. This study evaluates the water infiltration rates and surface runoff volumes in a steep and clayey olive grove of Southern Italy. These hydrological variables are measured at the plot scale under four soil management practices (mechanical tillage, total artificial protection of soil and soil cover with two different rates of vegetal residues). The measurements have been carried out using a rainfall simulator under dry (undisturbed) and wet (that is, on soils disturbed by intense rainfall) conditions. The mechanical tillage leads to lower water infiltration rates and higher runoff production. The retention of a soil cover by vegetal residues (in the range 3.5–17.5 tons/ha of dry matter) reduces the runoff rate on average by 30%, mainly because of the increased soil infiltration rates (over 100%, compared to mechanical tillage). After soil disturbance due to antecedent rainfall, the runoff generation capacity of a soil disturbed by a heavy precipitation significantly increased compared to undisturbed soils because of the decrease in soil infiltration rates. Overall, the retention of vegetal residues over the soil may be advisable to reduce surface runoff generation rates, particularly for saturated soils.

scholarly journals Scenario Studies on Effects of Soil Infiltration Rates, Land Slope, and Furrow Irrigation Characteristics on Furrow Irrigation-Induced Erosion

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibrin M. Dibal ◽  
A. A. Ramalan ◽  
O. J. Mudiare ◽  
H. E. Igbadun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Interaction Dynamics ◽  
Slope Steepness ◽  
Stream Size

Furrow irrigation proceeds under several soil-water-furrow hydraulics interaction dynamics. The soil erosion consequences from such interactions in furrow irrigation in Samaru had remained uncertain. A furrow irrigation-induced erosion (FIIE) model was used to simulate the potential severity of soil erosion in irrigated furrows due to interactive effects of infiltration rates, land slope, and some furrow irrigation characteristics under different scenarios. The furrow irrigation characteristics considered were furrow lengths, widths, and stream sizes. The model itself was developed using the dimensional analysis approach. The scenarios studied were the interactive effects of furrow lengths, furrow widths, and slopes steepness; infiltration rates and furrow lengths; and stream sizes, furrow lengths, and slopes steepness on potential furrow irrigation-induced erosion, respectively. The severity of FIIE was found to relate somewhat linearly with slope and stream size, and inversely with furrow lengths and furrow width. The worst soil erosion (378.05 t/ha/yr) was found as a result of the interactive effects of 0.65 m furrow width, 50 m furrow length, and 0.25% slope steepness; and the least soil erosion (0.013 t/ha/yr) was induced by the combined effects of 0.5 l/s, 200 m furrow length, and 0.05% slope steepness. Evidently considering longer furrows in furrow irrigation designs would be a better alternative of averting excessive FIIE.

scholarly journals Determining Variability in Characteristics of Residential Landscape Soils that Influences Infiltration Rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Pearson ◽  
Richard Beeson ◽  
Carrie Reinhart-Adams ◽  
Michael Olexa ◽  
Amy Shober
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Surface Water Contamination ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Residential Communities

Although composed mostly of sand, observations of new urban residential communities in Florida suggested relatively wide ranges in clay content and importation of offsite soils. Often these communities are constructed around surface water where heavy summer rains and intense landscape maintenance present concerns for surface water contamination. Due to land sculpturing, soil compaction and importation; onsite soil physical properties may differ from soil maps developed decades before. How much change and what changes occurred has seldom been quantified. This study examined soil characteristic data from diverse, newly constructed urban soils and examined relationships with soil infiltration rates. Samples were collected from 40 lots in nine newly established urban residential communities within Central Florida to quantify textural composition, bulk density (Db), moisture retention, and pore size distribution. Most lots (90%) contained sandy soil dominated by micropores (58% total mean pore space). Variability of Db was low with most communities exhibiting high soil compaction (>1.7 g cm-3), which may indicate potential plant root penetration concerns. Mean soil infiltration rates among communities were high (11 to 64 cm hr-1), with large variations (2.0 to 111.1 cm hr-1). Correlations between soil moisture retention volumes, Db, and infiltration rate did not occur. However, soil texture was a significant predictor of infiltration rate. Relationships between infiltration rates and soil characteristics were poor (r2 = 0.43) and suggest direct measurement of infiltration rate may be necessary. High infiltration rates, despite compaction, indicate reduced potential for surface water contamination if a sufficient natural fetch separates landscapes from water bodies.

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