scholarly journals Public water supplies of North Carolina: A summary of water sources, use, treatment, and capacity of water-supply systems

1978 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Supply Systems

Sustainability of Water Supplies in Provincial Egypt

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Supply Systems

Life, health and hygiene all depend on access to a plentiful supply of safe drinking water. Piped water supplies in rural Egypt are insufficient to meet the demands of the existing population. This situation is worsening due to the rapid population growth and failure of existing water supply systems. There are already areas of the country with severe piped water shortages. If corrective action is not taken soon densely populated villages will become vulnerable to outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Immediate action is needed to reverse the deterioration of water supply systems and to improve the benefits gained from capital works investments in the sector. This paper promotes the concept that sustainable water systems in rural Egypt depends on a central government and local unit partnership. Also needed are consumer bodies to determine user needs; local units to be given powers to manage the revenue and expenditure accounts; and the central government to concentrate on setting policies and guidelines, and assisting with the implementation of major capital works.

scholarly journals The establishment and first experiences of a crisis advisory service for water supplies in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hyllestad ◽  
Vidar Lund ◽  
Karin Nygård ◽  
Preben Aavitsland ◽  
Line Vold
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
National Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Advisory Service ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Contamination Events ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Water supply systems, in particular small-scale water supply systems, are vulnerable to adverse events that may jeopardise safe drinking water. The consequences of contamination events or the failure of daily operations may be severe, affecting many people. In Norway, a 24-hour crisis advisory service was established in 2017 to provide advice on national water supplies. Competent and expert advisors from water suppliers throughout the country assist other water suppliers and individuals who may be in need of advice during an adverse event. This paper describes the establishment of this service and experiences from the first three years of its operation. Since the launch of the service, water suppliers across Norway have consulted it approximately one to two times a month for advice, in particular about contamination events and near misses. The outcomes have helped to improve guidance on water hygiene issues at the national level.

scholarly journals PATTERN OF WATER SUPPLY IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES IN METROPOLITAN KANO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-696
Author(s):  
Abubakar Hadiza Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Different Water Sources

The study carried out on pattern of water supply in relation to different water sources in metropolitan Kano was aimed to assess the pattern of water supply in the area. Eight local government areas were found in the area but six local government areas were selected in conducting the research work. The selected local government areas included dala, Fagge, Kano Municipal, Gwale, Tarauni, Nassarawa. The research work was conducted through the following methods of data collection, (questionnaire and interview). Krecjie and morgan sampling techniques was adopted in administering the questionnaire, because it was the best sampling techniques that suited the study. The result of the findings indicated that ground water sources are now the major sources of water used in the study area, pipe borne water was generally inadequate. Dala, Kano Municipal, Fagge and Gwale were the areas mostly affected with scarcity of pipe borne water. Other sources of water for household usage included water from vendors and water supply Tankers. Some sources of water were founded inactive (that is sources of water producing less or no water due to some problems). Most people in the area depend on sachet water as their source of drinking water. Finally, in order to overcome some of the problems of water is their source of drinking water. Finally, in order to overcome some of the problems of water supply it was recommended that there should be alternative sources of power, regular maintenance, train of manpower, and effective management of water supply systems.

scholarly journals Recycling water in U.S. cities: understanding preferences for aquifer recharging and dual-reticulation systems

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Hess ◽  
Brandi M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Recycling of effluent water from urban water-supply systems is often a more sustainable water source than increased use of surface sources, groundwater sources, and desalination. However, water-supply organizations (WSOs) often do not take full advantage of recycled water. Although recycling water for direct potable use is efficient, public concern with safety has tended to cause WSOs to favor other uses for recycled water. This study examines patterns in the degree of utilization of two main indirect uses of recycled water: dual-reticulation systems and groundwater recharge. Drawing on case studies of four U.S. cities that are leaders in the use of recycled water, the study identifies conditions that favor the choice of one option over the other. Where cities are concerned with groundwater recharge of potable water supplies, they tend to prefer non-recycled water if available for recharge projects. However, where non-recycled water supplies are limited, recycled water may be prioritized for aquifer recharge. Otherwise, the preference is for use by large industrial partners such as power plants or for exchanges for higher-quality potable water resources with rural systems. In contrast, dual-reticulation (purple-pipe) systems for direct nonpotable recycling face steep economic and technical challenges.

Peculiarities of Mountainous Area’s Water Supply Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 803-806
Author(s):  
Lilit Dashtoyan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mountainous Landscape ◽  
Supply Systems

The main part of the territory of the Republic of Armenia is a mountainous landscape, where the water supply problems of the located areas are directly connected with the existing types of water sources and the peculiarities of their formation.  The report is an overview of implementation and operation features of medium size residential areas’ water supply systems dispersed in the surrounding of Mount Aragats, by which their long uninterrupted work are provided with.

scholarly journals Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of Ibagué, Colombia: threats to human health

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Blanca Lisseth Guzmán Barragán ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Gonzalez Rivillas ◽  
Manuel Salvador Cuero Villegas ◽  
Jose David Olivar Medina
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Supply Systems

Chemical contamination of the water supply system caused by anthropic activities can cause adverse health effects. This study determined the presence of toxic metals, organic substances, pesticides and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of the urban area of Ibague City. The economic and sanitary activities located in the 25 surface streams of the 32 water supply systems of the municipality were characterized. A total of 25 water samples were taken from the surface streams, and 35 samples in the water network of each drinking water service provider for the identification of pesticides (carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphorus), mercury, arsenic, cyanide, lead, cadmium, antimony, cobalt, selenium, silver, nickel and hydrocarbons. The presence of trihalomethanes was sampled after the treatment process given. A total of 775 economic and sanitary activities were detected in the surface streams of the water supply systems, highlighting the human settlements, agricultural and tourist activities impact on the water sources. Organochlorine pesticides (0.009-0.109 mg/L), mercury (0.001-0.004 mg/L) were identified in the water supply system in concentrations higher than those permitted by local regulation. Concentrations of trihalomethanes (0.064-1.260 mg/L) were detected in 68.7% of the water supply systems with treatment. The presence of chemical contaminants occurs mainly in communities with water supply systems of low complexity with high anthropic affectation. It is necessary to strengthen the assessment of hazards and risk by health surveillance, as well as intersectoral intervention for the protection of water sources and the improvement of water treatment technologies.

scholarly journals Assessment of sustainability and management for groundwater source in Erbil city

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Sabah Jwan ◽  
Farhan Salah ◽  
Qarani Shuokr
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City ◽  
Fundamental Reference

The issue of rationalizing water consumption and preserving it for future generations is one of the most important indicators of sustainable development referred to in the Agenda 21. This study aims to assess the sustainability of water resources for the city of Erbil in terms of quantity and quality. In this study, the amount of water available in the existing water sources was evaluated and compared with the volume of water demand. The reliability of water sources, especially groundwater, in the selected area was evaluated and confirmed. The study also focused on the management of groundwater by the concerned authorities and the identification of factors that help to develop the sustainability of these sources. The problems facing the management of groundwater and the proposed solutions to solve these problems were also identified. Due to the rapid growth of the populations and lack of both water demand and water supply system, Erbil City required a fundamental evaluation of water supply systems and good planning for future. However, in this study, the assessment was conducted based on the existing data and the accurate archived documents as well. As a result, the study concluded that there have been a lot of problems that should be taken into consideration in order to provide good managing of the groundwater system. It was also observed that there was slightly higher depletion in groundwater table due to poor supplying. This study can be used as a fundamental reference for future investigations especially for those areas having the same problems in sustainable management of the subsurface basins.

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