The lava flow that came to Hilo—The 1880–81 eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawai‘i

Applications of GIS to the estimation of lava flow hazards on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawai'i

Mauna Loa Revealed: Structure, Composition, History, and Hazards - Geophysical Monograph Series ◽

10.1029/gm092p0315 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 315-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jim Kauahikaua ◽

Sandy Margriter ◽

Jack Lockwood ◽

Frank Trusdell

Keyword(s):

Lava Flow ◽

Mauna Loa

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Lava flow from Mauna Loa, 1916

American Journal of Science ◽

10.2475/ajs.s4-43.256.255 ◽

1917 ◽

Vol s4-43 (256) ◽

pp. 255-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. A. Jaggar

Keyword(s):

Lava Flow ◽

Mauna Loa

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Diffusion Timescales of Magmatic Processes in the Moinui Lava Eruption at Mauna Loa, Hawai`i, as Inferred from Bimodal Olivine Populations

Journal of Petrology ◽

10.1093/petrology/egaa058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F K Couperthwaite ◽

T Thordarson ◽

D J Morgan ◽

J Harvey ◽

M Wilson

Keyword(s):

Lava Flow ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Magma Storage ◽

Mauna Loa ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Lava Flow Field ◽

Magmatic Processes ◽

Geochemical Variations ◽

And Storage ◽

Time Information

Abstract The 2·1 ka Moinui lava flow field, erupted from the southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa, Hawai`i, exhibits striking textural and geochemical variations, that can be used to interpret magma processes pre-, syn- and post-eruption. From this lava flow, the duration of magma storage and storage conditions, the timescales over which magma is transported to the surface, and flow emplacement mechanisms at Mauna Loa are determined. Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and diffusion chronometry of olivine crystals identify two distinct crystal populations: a primitive, polyhedral olivine population with core compositions of Fo90–88 and a more evolved, platy olivine population with core compositions of Fo83–82. Fe–Mg diffusion modelling of these olivine populations gives distinct timescales for each population; platy olivines yield timescales of days up to a few weeks, while polyhedral olivines yield timescales of months to years. Despite the nature of a well-insulated pāhoehoe flow, meaning that post-emplacement diffusion continues for some time, a wealth of time information can be retrieved concerning pre-eruptive magmatic processes as well as the processes associated with the lava extrusion. The short timescales obtained from the platy olivine crystals and the observed equilibrium between its cores and ambient melt suggest late-stage nucleation and crystal growth in the shallow conduit and during lava emplacement. Conversely, the longer timescales and olivine-melt disequilibrium of the polyhedral olivine crystals suggests accumulation from a deeper source and subsequent transportation to shallow magma storage beneath the summit of Mauna Loa months, or even years before eruption. The chemical and textural details of the Moinui lava reflect the mode of flow emplacement and may have implications for the interpretation of the distribution of spinifex and cumulate olivine within komatiites; high-temperature, low-viscosity lavas, common in the Archean.

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