Crystallization history of the 1984 Mauna Loa lava flow

1994 ◽  
Vol 99 (B4) ◽  
pp. 7177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Crisp ◽  
Katharine V. Cashman ◽  
Jennifer A. Bonini ◽  
Sarah B. Hougen ◽  
David C. Pieri
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
History Of

Lava flow from Mauna Loa, 1916

1917 ◽  
Vol s4-43 (256) ◽  
pp. 255-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Jaggar
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Mauna Loa

scholarly journals Diffusion Timescales of Magmatic Processes in the Moinui Lava Eruption at Mauna Loa, Hawai`i, as Inferred from Bimodal Olivine Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
F K Couperthwaite ◽  
T Thordarson ◽  
D J Morgan ◽  
J Harvey ◽  
M Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Magma Storage ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Lava Flow Field ◽  
Magmatic Processes ◽  
Geochemical Variations ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Time Information

Abstract The 2·1 ka Moinui lava flow field, erupted from the southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa, Hawai`i, exhibits striking textural and geochemical variations, that can be used to interpret magma processes pre-, syn- and post-eruption. From this lava flow, the duration of magma storage and storage conditions, the timescales over which magma is transported to the surface, and flow emplacement mechanisms at Mauna Loa are determined. Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and diffusion chronometry of olivine crystals identify two distinct crystal populations: a primitive, polyhedral olivine population with core compositions of Fo90–88 and a more evolved, platy olivine population with core compositions of Fo83–82. Fe–Mg diffusion modelling of these olivine populations gives distinct timescales for each population; platy olivines yield timescales of days up to a few weeks, while polyhedral olivines yield timescales of months to years. Despite the nature of a well-insulated pāhoehoe flow, meaning that post-emplacement diffusion continues for some time, a wealth of time information can be retrieved concerning pre-eruptive magmatic processes as well as the processes associated with the lava extrusion. The short timescales obtained from the platy olivine crystals and the observed equilibrium between its cores and ambient melt suggest late-stage nucleation and crystal growth in the shallow conduit and during lava emplacement. Conversely, the longer timescales and olivine-melt disequilibrium of the polyhedral olivine crystals suggests accumulation from a deeper source and subsequent transportation to shallow magma storage beneath the summit of Mauna Loa months, or even years before eruption. The chemical and textural details of the Moinui lava reflect the mode of flow emplacement and may have implications for the interpretation of the distribution of spinifex and cumulate olivine within komatiites; high-temperature, low-viscosity lavas, common in the Archean.

Emplacement history of a low-viscosity, fountain-fed pantelleritic lava flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Roger M. Briggs ◽  
A.Peter W. Hodder
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Eruptive and tectonic history of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, based on AUV mapping data and lava flow ages

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 3364-3391 ◽  
Author(s):  
David. A. Clague ◽  
Brian M. Dreyer ◽  
Jennifer B. Paduan ◽  
Julie F. Martin ◽  
David W. Caress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Juan De Fuca Ridge ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Fuca Ridge ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
History Of ◽  
Endeavour Segment

scholarly journals NOTES ON THE LAVA-FLOW OF 1880-81 FROM MAUNA LOA

Science ◽  
1884 ◽  
Vol ns-3 (61) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEO. H. BARTON
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Mauna Loa

scholarly journals Recent eruption history inferred from eruption ages of the two latest lava flows using multi-dating at Yokodake Volcano, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroya Nitta ◽  
Takeshi Saito ◽  
Yorinao Shitaoka
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Eruption Rate ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Paleomagnetic Dating ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eruption History ◽  
Recent Eruption

Abstract Reconstruction of the eruption history of an active volcano is necessary to elucidate its volcanic activity and to assess the probability of its volcanic eruption. Yokodake volcano in central Japan is the only active volcano among the Yatsugatake volcano group. It has effused nine lava flows, most of which have not been dated. For this study, we ascertained the eruption ages of the latest lava (Y9) and second most recent lava (Y8) using radiocarbon (14C), thermoluminescence (TL), and paleomagnetic dating methods. Results revealed the eruption ages of the two lava flows and the recent eruption history of Yokodake volcano. Yokodake volcano effused its Y8 lava flow at ca. 3.4 ka, ejected NYk-2 tephra with explosive eruption at ca. 2.4–2.2 ka, and effused the Y9 lava flow associated with Y9-T tephra at ca. 0.6 ka. Magma eruption rates of Yokodake at 34 ky and 3.4 ky were estimated as about 9 × 10−3 km3/ky and 1 × 10−2 km3/ky, indicating a stable eruption rate maintained during the past 34 ky. This result suggests that Yokodake volcano retains some potential for eruption, although the volcanic activity of the Yatsugatake volcanoes (10−1–10−2 km3/ky) has weakened over time.

Seismometric investigation of the Hawaiian lava column

1920 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Jaggar
Keyword(s):  
General Character ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Local Earthquakes ◽  
Earthquake Frequency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expansion Cooling ◽  
Lava Lakes ◽  
Earthquake Sequences ◽  
Hawaiian Lava

Abstract In Chapter 1, introduction, this article is stated to be concerned with correlations between rising and falling magma and measurement of ground movements. In Chapter 2, on the lava column, the contents are (1) the nature of Hawaiian lava lakes, (2) methods of measurement, (3) the duplex quality of the lava column at the surface, (4) the gas and pressure controls, (5) processes of growing strain, elastic stress and thermochemistry, (6) importance of thermo-chemical controls, (7) lake magma and bench magma, (8) pyromagma, epimagma, hypomagma and perilith, the four elements of a lava column, (9) physical relations of these, (10) the double convectional mechanism, (11) surficial expansion cooling and gas heating, (12) disruptive expansion, (13) the “geyser” effect, (14) clastolith and dermolith, the dead and live lavas, (15) gas release shallow, (16) thermal gradient and oxygen, (17) summary of lava column, (18) the volcanic system, (19) volcanic seismicity due to nine types of stress change, (20) changes of volume, (21) fixed rift surfaces. In Chapter 3 is discussed cyclical lava change. (1) Sensitive earth crust, (2) Perret's hypothesis, (3) Wood's hypothesis, (4) comparison Perret and Wood, (5) direction of stress, (6) analysis general habit of Halemaumau 1912-1916. Chapter 4 treats of the volcanic history of hawaii. (1) The island, (2) the craters: Kohala, (3) Mauna Kea, (4) Hualalai, (5) Mauna Loa, (6) history of origin of Mauna Loa, (7) Kilauea, (8) Kilauea older than Mauna Loa, (9) foundation under Hawaii. Chapter 5 discusses seismometric measurement of slow tilting in hawaii. (1) Excessive tilt, (2) correspondence with lava fluctuation, (3) tilting elsewhere: Cambridge, Massachusetts, (4) tilting in Tokyo, (5) tilts due to water tides, (6) diurnal tilt at Trieste, (7) Galitzin's mention of extreme tilts, (8) volcanic tilting in Japan, (9) Usu-san, (10) Sakurajima, (11) special tilt measurement, Kilauea; the instruments, (12) sources of error, (13) special tilt instrument, (14) method of determining tilt constants, (15) seconds factors adopted, (16) table of daily tilts, (17) method of computing total tilt and direction, (18) general features of table, (19) investigation of temperature effects, (20) table of hourly tilts, (21) analytical table duration northwest and southwest tilts, (22) comparison diurnal tilts elsewhere, (23) parallelism of tilt chart and thermogram, (24) net cumulative tilt not in accord with temperature, (25) summary diurnal temperature effect, (26) table of six-day tilts; general characters, (27) grouping of significant periods, (28) comparison with one-day tilts, (29) curve of tilting for thirty-one weeks, (30) curve of lava rise and fall, (31) comparative fluctuations pyromagma and epimagma, (32) comparison lava and tilting, (33) test of theory of instantaneous correspondence, (34) test of theory of lava lagging, (35) eighteen-day lag agrees for rising lava and east tilt, (36) theoretical discussion of forecasting data, (37) permanent tilt deformation, (38) summary of conclusions concerning tilt, (39) suggested order of causation, (40) nutation stress and the daily tide, (41) supposed northeast tilts, (42) observed phenomena of tumefaction, (43) direct luni-solar warping insufficient. Chapter 6 deals with local earthquakes and tremors. (1) Notes already published, (2) table of earthquake sequences 1912-1917, (3) eruptive episodes and seismicity, (4) general characters of local earthquakes, (5) comparison with lava fluctuation, (6) suggested relations Mauna Loa and Kilauea, (7) frequency related to equinox, (8) earthquake agreement instantaneous, tilt not, (9) tremors: two kinds present, (10) harmonic slower tremors; comparison Japan, (11) spasmodic quicker tremors; comparison Japan, (12) strong tremors accompanying eruption, (13) ordinary spasmodic tremor; general character, (14) ordinary harmonic tremor; its direction, (15) quantitative comparison tilt and tremors, methods of tremor measurement, (16) table of comparative tilt and tremors, (17) chart showing accordances, (18) accordance tilt and tremor, discordance earthquake frequency, (19) amplitude as expressing energy, (20) earthquake frequency accordant with rate of lava movement 1917-1918. Chapter 7 summarizes results of the investigation.

Morphological types in the Deccan Volcanic Province, India: implications on emplacement dynamics of continental flood basalts

2021 ◽  
pp. SP518-2020-246
Author(s):  
Vivek S. Kale ◽  
Gauri Dole ◽  
Shilpa Patil Pillai ◽  
Poushali Chatterjee ◽  
Makarand Bodas
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Deccan Volcanic Province ◽  
Flood Basalts ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Continental Flood Basalts ◽  
Substrate Topography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Pulses ◽  
Stacking Patterns

AbstractWe review and compare morphologies from continental basaltic lavas, using examples from the Deccan Volcanic Province to compile their internal configurations, mutual associations and compare them. The mechanism of endogenous transfer of lava within an insulating (rapidly developed) crust provides an efficient mode of dispersal of the molten lava in flood basalts. The growth of the lava flow can be achieved by a single extrusion or by multiple pulses of endogenous emplacement that enable the lava to efficiently spread over large areas and thicken.We show that the morphology of a lobe manifests the response of the molten lava to several parameters (including volumetric rate of emplacement, substrate topography, viscosity, vapour loss, etc) that govern the dynamics and cooling history of basaltic lava after it starts to spread on the surface. The lateral transition from one morphology to another within lobes of a lava flow is a testimony to the interactive response of the lava dynamics and rheology to variation in the local systems in which they were emplaced. The morphologies do not evolve as rigid partitioned categories from ‘áā and pāhoehoe lava types’ but as parametric progression of interactive variations in the spreading and cooling lava.A hierarchical recognition of lobes, flows and flow fields and mapping of the morphology (and their lateral transition or continuity) combined with the stacking patterns provides the volcanological framework for a sound stratigraphic mapping of flood basalts. Such an architectural documentation of flood basalt provinces will lead to robust models of their eruptive histories.

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