scholarly journals Factors affecting groundwater quality in the Valley and Ridge aquifers, eastern United States, 1993-2002

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Johnson ◽  
Tammy M. Zimmerman ◽  
Bruce D. Lindsey ◽  
Eliza L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Factors affecting Velcro-covered balls when used as a sampling device for wool of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Fidgen ◽  
Ronald E. Fournier ◽  
Mark C. Whitmore ◽  
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie ◽  
Jean J. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Routine Sampling

AbstractAdelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) has caused extensive mortality of hemlocks (Tsuga (Endlicher) Carrière; Pinaceae) in the eastern United States of America and was discovered recently in Nova Scotia, Canada. We evaluated the use of a Velcro-covered racquetball as a sampling device for A. tsugae wool. Specifically, we report on improvements to an earlier design and evaluate several factors seen in routine sampling that influence the ability of the ball to trap and retain adelgid wool. Velcro was found to be critical for trapping and retaining adelgid wool on the ball during flight and landing. Wooden beads, inserted in the ball, reduced deflection during flight and bounce during landing. Higher probability of trapping wool on the ball was associated with an ascent through the crown, with increasing diameter and density of ovisacs on branch tips, and with increasing abundance of woolly twigs on the forest floor. Higher probability of retaining wool on the ball was associated with Velcro surface area and with amount and location of wool loaded on the ball. These modifications improved detection surveys for A. tsugae in general.

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