scholarly journals Factors affecting Velcro-covered balls when used as a sampling device for wool of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Fidgen ◽  
Ronald E. Fournier ◽  
Mark C. Whitmore ◽  
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie ◽  
Jean J. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Routine Sampling

AbstractAdelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) has caused extensive mortality of hemlocks (Tsuga (Endlicher) Carrière; Pinaceae) in the eastern United States of America and was discovered recently in Nova Scotia, Canada. We evaluated the use of a Velcro-covered racquetball as a sampling device for A. tsugae wool. Specifically, we report on improvements to an earlier design and evaluate several factors seen in routine sampling that influence the ability of the ball to trap and retain adelgid wool. Velcro was found to be critical for trapping and retaining adelgid wool on the ball during flight and landing. Wooden beads, inserted in the ball, reduced deflection during flight and bounce during landing. Higher probability of trapping wool on the ball was associated with an ascent through the crown, with increasing diameter and density of ovisacs on branch tips, and with increasing abundance of woolly twigs on the forest floor. Higher probability of retaining wool on the ball was associated with Velcro surface area and with amount and location of wool loaded on the ball. These modifications improved detection surveys for A. tsugae in general.

Spatial patterns of within-tree Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) attacks during outbreak conditions in the Ozark National Forest in Arkansas, United States of America

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Hartshorn ◽  
Larry D. Galligan ◽  
Fred M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Ozark Mountains ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Wood Borer

AbstractEnaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (red oak borer; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a native wood borer that colonises and develops in oaks (Quercus Linnaeus; Fagaceae) across southeastern Canada and the eastern United States of America. It is rarely considered a pest because it normally occurs at low population density levels in stressed or dying oak trees. In the late 1990s and early 2000s there was a large, historically unique outbreak of E. rufulus in the Ozark mountains of Arkansas and Missouri, United States of America. This outbreak provided an opportunity to investigate within-tree spatial distribution of attacks during unusually high insect population levels. Fifty trees from northern Arkansas were felled and destructively sampled. The locations of attack sites by female E. rufulus were standardised across varying heights and diameters for comparison across trees. Attack sites showed a significant clustered pattern within trees. Attack sites were aggregated towards the lower and middle bole, and on the south-facing side of trees. This pattern has been seen in other insects, including wood borers, and is potentially related to differences in temperature. These patterns of ovipositional behaviour in outbreak situations have implications for E. rufulus resource partitioning and facultative intraguild predation among larvae.

scholarly journals Phytophthora irrigata, a new species isolated from irrigation reservoirs and rivers in Eastern United States of America

2008 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanxue Hong ◽  
Mannon E. Gallegly ◽  
Patricia A. Richardson ◽  
Ping Kong ◽  
Gary W. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
A New Species

scholarly journals Potential of Tsuga spp. from Western North America and Asia as Replacements for Eastern Hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis )

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Paul Weston ◽  
Richard Harper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Managed Landscapes ◽  
Species Being

Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) has had a devastating impact on Tsuga canadensis and T. caroliniana in forests and managed landscapes in the eastern United States. Species of Tsuga from the western United States and Asia are reported to be tolerant or resistant to A. tsugae. We established plots containing T. canadensis, T. caroliniana, T. chinensis, T. diversifolia, T. heterophylla, T. mertensiana, and T. sieboldii in Katonah, New York, U.S., an area with high populations of A. tsugae, and monitored tree growth and infestation by adelgids over a 4-year period. Growth and survival of the hemlock species varied widely, the most vigorous species being T. canadensis and T. chinensis. Susceptibility to the adelgid also varied widely among species; some species (particularly T. canadensis) became readily infested, whereas others (e.g., T. chinensis) were apparently entirely resistant. Given the ability of T. chinensis to thrive in the climate of southeastern New York State and its apparent resistance to hemlock woolly adelgid, this species might be an appropriate replacement species, especially in managed landscapes.

scholarly journals Immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected From Peromyscus leucopus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) and Peromyscus maniculatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) Nests in Northern Wisconsin

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T Larson ◽  
Xia Lee ◽  
Tela Zembsch ◽  
Gebbiena M Bron ◽  
Susan M Paskewitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, is the primary Lyme disease vector in the eastern United States. Both immature stages of I. scapularis take blood meals from mice belonging to the genus Peromyscus. Mice are active during the night and spend the majority of diel periods in nests. Thus, immature I. scapularis have a greater opportunity to drop from Peromyscus hosts while in nests compared with the forest floor. Here, we collected 11 Peromyscus nests during a 3-mo period during which the immature I. scapularis are known to be active. We then examined nesting materials for the presence of I. scapularis. Immature I. scapularis were detected in 64% of Peromyscus nests examined. Additionally, 55% of the nests contained at least one Dermacentor variabilis Say larva. Eighty-seven percent of all larval ticks found within nests were blood-fed. Because Peromyscus spp. are highly competent reservoirs of numerous tick-borne pathogens, the ticks that detach in their nests may be important for the maintenance of tick-borne diseases. However, further studies are needed to determine the fate of the I. scapularis that detach in Peromyscus nests.

scholarly journals Seasonal Assessment of Supercooling Points for Two Introduced and One Native Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Predators of Adelgidae

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Ashley Toland ◽  
Holly Wantuch ◽  
Donald Mullins ◽  
Thomas Kuhar ◽  
Scott Salom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Laricobius Nigrinus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cold Extremes

The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, is an invasive insect that threatens hemlock species in eastern North America. Several species from the genus Laricobius are predators of A. tsugae in its native areas of Asia and the western United States. Two Laricobius species have been released as biological control agents: Laricobius nigrinus Fender, and Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake. Laricobius rubidus LeConte is an adelgid predator native to the Eastern United States, where it can feed and complete development on A. tsugae opportunistically. Laboratory assays were conducted to assess the cold hardiness of these three Laricobius species, including two distinct populations of L. osakensis, by measuring the supercooling points of each species from November 2016 through March 2017. This information may be useful for choosing the best-suited biological control agent for a particular region to control A. tsugae. There was a significant difference between the overall mean supercooling point of L. rubidus compared to the other Laricobius spp. There were also significant differences of supercooling points between L. rubidus and both strains of L. osakensis in January, and significant differences between L. rubidus and all other strains in February. L. rubidus appear better adapted to cold extremes in the eastern U.S. than imported Laricobius spp.

Predicting the impact of hemlock woolly adelgid on carbon dynamics of eastern United States forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Albani ◽  
Paul R. Moorcroft ◽  
Aaron M. Ellison ◽  
David A. Orwig ◽  
David R. Foster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Spread Model ◽  
The Impact

The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) is an introduced insect pest that threatens to decimate eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) populations. In this study, we used the ecosystem demography model in conjunction with a stochastic model of HWA spread to predict the impact of HWA infestation on the current and future forest composition, structure, and carbon (C) dynamics in the eastern United States. The spread model predicted that on average the hemlock stands south and east of the Great Lakes would be infested by 2015, southern Michigan would be reached by 2020, and northeastern Minnesota by 2030. For the period 2000–2040, the ecosystem demography model predicted a mean reduction of 0.011 Pg C·year–1 (Pg C = 1015 g C), an 8% decrease, in the uptake of carbon from eastern United States forests as a result of HWA-caused mortality, followed by an increased uptake of 0.015 Pg C·year–1 (a 12% increase) in the period 2040–2100, as the area recovers from the loss of hemlock. Overall, we conclude that while locally severe, HWA infestation is unlikely to have a significant impact on the regional patterns of carbon fluxes, given that eastern hemlock represents a limited fraction of the standing biomass of eastern forests and that it has relatively low productivity compared with the tree species that are likely to replace it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document