scholarly journals Recharge area, base-flow and quick-flow discharge rates and ages, and general water quality of Big Spring in Carter County, Missouri, 2000-04

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Imes ◽  
Niel Plummer ◽  
Michael J. Kleeschulte ◽  
John G. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Recharge Area ◽  
Flow Discharge ◽  
Discharge Rates

scholarly journals Analysis of the effects of the stream confluence on the Alagoas Aqueduct

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerônimo Leoni Leandro Lima ◽  
Vladimir Caramori Borges de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Flow Discharge ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Level Elevation ◽  
Water Elevation

ABSTRACT The project of the Canal do Sertão (Alagoas Aqueduct) is an important step toward social and economic development in the semiarid region of Alagoas State in Brazil. Therefore, a hydrodynamic assessment in the canal is necessary due to a complex drainage system under parameters that were not considered during the project design and execution, mainly along the reach km 67, where it is located a convergent confluence and an overchute structure. The analysis conducted in this study addressed three main aspects: i) verify possible risks to the water quality of the canal, pumped from São Francisco River; ii) evaluate scenarios with risks to the canal structure due a convergent confluence between Riacho Seco and the stream of the tributary basins, which flows over a drainage structure crossing the canal at km 67.28; and iii) analyze the water level elevation into the overchute structure, submerged during flood events, and the water level elevation in the upstream reach of the confluence of the Riacho Seco, with a length of 620 m parallel to the canal and separate by a distance of 80 m from each other, where the level may rise reaching the left levee of the canal. Thus, were assessed the potential effect of the Riacho Seco confluence with the flow discharge of the tributary basins on the overchute structure at km 67.28 of the Canal do Sertão. The analysis of the water elevation and its possible risks to the water quality and the canal structure for different flood scenarios were performed by using the hydrodynamics models HEC-HAS. It was noticed that there is an elevation of the water surface of the tributary streams in the upstream reaches of the convergent confluence and that the drainage structure over the canal do Sertão fails for flow discharge with a return period of 50 years or more, overflowing the water from the drainage system into the channel.

Post-fire impact on the water quality of a reservoir: an integrated watershed-reservoir modeling approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Basso ◽  
Marcos Mateus ◽  
Tiago Ramos ◽  
Diana Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Reservoir Modeling ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Large Reservoir

<p>Wildfires are an increasing threat in the Mediterranean area causing the loss of goods and frequently on the loss of human lives. Not only forest fires are worrisome for their first and visible impacts on vegetation and soil, but also for the secondary impacts on the quality of surface water bodies. Approximately one third of the world’s largest cities obtain their drinking water from forest catchments. The removal of vegetation and consequent increase in runoff with high concentration in sediments often leads to increased nutrients and sediment loads to water reservoirs damaging the aquatic ecosystem and human health.</p><p>In Portugal, the catastrophic events of Portuguese territory in 2017 occurred in strategic catchments from the water supply point of view. The Castelo de Bode reservoir, located in that area, with a total capacity of 1095 hm<sup>3</sup>, supplies the city of Lisbon and surrounding areas (2,000,000 inhabitants). During 2017, more than one hundred thousand hectares of land in the upstream watershed were burned, making it one of the most affected areas in Portugal.</p><p>This study focuses on the impacts of the fires on the water quality of Castelo de Bode reservoir. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was first calibrated and validated for simulating streamflow, sediments and nutrients transport. The post-fire impacts were implemented by adjusting land use characteristics (curve number, crop vegetation management factor), and soil properties (soil erodibility), taking into account the different impacts from fire (low, medium, and high severity). The output from this model was then used as input to CE-QUAL-W2 reservoir model. During the calibration phase, it was possible to observe that CE-QUAL-W2 presented some limitations in reproducing water quality parameters, according to the available field measurements in such large reservoir . Therefore, the parameters with the best fit to the measurements at the dam wall were chosen as water quality indicators in the post-fire.</p><p>Preliminary results indicated an increase in nutrients and algae concentrations in the year following the 2017 fire events, characterized also by a decrease in the water level due to the base flow reduction at the watershed scale. Although high concentrations of nutrients characterized the reservoir inlet, only phosphate concentration slightly overcame the thresholds limits foreseen in legislation for drinking water close to the dam wall, likely due to the large volume of the reservoir which diluted the inflow concentrations.</p>

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