A reconnaissance in northern Alaska across the Rocky Mountains, along Koyukuk, John, Anaktuvuk, and Colville rivers and the Arctic coast to Cape Lisburne, in 1901, with notes

10.3133/pp20 ◽  
1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C. Schrader ◽  
W.J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Northern Alaska

Pleistocene remains of the lion-like cat (Panthera atrox) from the Yukon Territory and northern Alaska

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harington
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Northern Alaska ◽  
Panthera Atrox

Skull and forelimb fragments of the large, extinct cat (Panthera atrox) from Pleistocene sediments in the Dawson area, Yukon Territory, are the first records of the species for Canada. A further specimen from the Kaolak River, near the arctic coast of Alaska, significantly extends the known northward range of this cat. The species has been reported from approximately 26 localities from Alaska to Peru, and may have migrated from Eurasia just prior to the Sangamon interglacial. Data reviewed suggest that Panthera atrox from North America, the Eurasian "cave lion" Panthera leo spelaea, and the large Chinese cat Panthera youngi are conspecific.

The Last Interglaciation in Northeast Siberia

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Lozhkin ◽  
Patricia M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Models ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Organic Deposits

AbstractAlluvial, fluvial, and organic deposits of the last interglaciation are exposed along numerous river terraces in northeast Siberia. Although chronological control is often poor, the paleobotanical data suggest range extensions of up to 1000 km for the primary tree species. These data also indicate that boreal communities of the last interglaciation were similar to modern ones in composition, but their distributions were displaced significantly to the north-northwest. Inferences about climate of this period suggest that mean July temperatures were warmer by 4 to 8°C, and seasonal precipitation was slightly greater. Mean January temperatures may have been severely cooler than today (up to 12°C) along the Arctic coast, but similar or slightly warmer than present in other areas. The direction and magnitude of change in July temperatures agree with Atmospheric General Circulation Models, but the 126,000-year-B.P. model results also suggest trends opposite to the paleobotanical data, with simulated cooler winter temperatures and drier conditions than present during the climatic optimum.

Salinity tolerance of larval and juvenile broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2392-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. E. de March
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Arctic Coast

In the absence of distribution data for juvenile broad whitefish, Coregonus nasus, laboratory experiments were designed to elucidate the salinity ranges that the species will tolerate. Larval fish (12–18 mm) died within 120 h at salinities of 12.5‰ and higher at both 5 and 10 °C, though more slowly at 5 °C. Salinities of 12.5 and 15‰, but no higher, were tolerated for 120 h at 15 °C. Larvae fed readily at 15 °C but not at 5 or 10 °C. Slightly larger and more-developed larvae (15–19 mm) were tolerant of 12.5‰ but died within 120 h at 15‰ at the same three temperatures. These fish fed more readily than the younger ones. Larger fish (33–68 mm) were generally tolerant of 15–20‰ but not of higher salinities in 120-h tolerance tests. Larger field-collected fish (27–200 mm) reacted similarly but were more tolerant of salinities between 20 and 27‰ in 96-h tests. Analysis of both experiments with larger fish suggests that time to death was inversely related to size as well as to salinity. Coregonus nasus does not seem to be more tolerant of saline conditions than other freshwater or migratory fish species. Experimental results combined with limited information about the species' distribution suggest that man-made constructions on the arctic coast might seriously affect dispersal or annual migrations.

Danian Mollusks from the Prince Creek Formation, Northern Alaska, and Implications for Arctic Ocean Paleogeography

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (S35) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louie Marincovich
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
Northern Alaska

The marine molluscan fauna of the Prince Creek Formation near Ocean Point, northern Alaska, is of Danian age. It is the only diverse and abundant Danian molluscan fauna known from the Arctic Ocean realm, and is the first evidence for an indigenous Paleocene shallow-water biota within a discrete Arctic Ocean Basin faunal province.A high percentage of endemic species, and two endemic genera, emphasize the degree to which the Arctic Ocean was geographically isolated from the world ocean during the earliest Tertiary. Many of the well-preserved Ocean Point mollusks, however, also occur in Danian faunas of the North American Western Interior, the Canadian Arctic Islands, Svalbard, and northwestern Europe, and are the basis for relating this Arctic Ocean fauna to that of the Danian world ocean.The Arctic Ocean was a Danian refugium for some genera that became extinct elsewhere during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. At the same time, this nearly landlocked ocean fostered the evolution of new taxa that later in the Paleogene migrated into the world ocean by way of the northeastern Atlantic. The first Cenozoic occurrences are reported for the bivalves Integricardium (Integricardium), Oxytoma (Hypoxytoma), Placunopsis, Tancredia (Tancredia), and Tellinimera, and the oldest Cenozoic records given for the bivalves Gari (Garum), Neilo, and Yoldia (Cnesterium). Among the 25 species in the molluscan fauna are four new gastropod species, Amauropsis fetteri, Ellipsoscapha sohli, Mathilda (Fimbriatella) amundseni, and Polinices (Euspira) repenningi, two new bivalve genera, Arcticlam and Mytilon, and 15 new bivalve species, Arcticlam nanseni, Corbula (Caryocorbula) betsyae, Crenella kannoi, Cyrtodaria katieae, Gari (Garum) brouwersae, Integricardium (Integricardium) keenae, Mytilon theresae, Neilo gryci, Nucula (Nucula) micheleae, Nuculana (Jupiteria) moriyai, Oxytoma (Hypoxytoma) hargrovei, Placunopsis rothi, Tancredia (Tancredia) slavichi, Tellinimera kauffmani, and Yoldia (Cnesterium) gladenkovi.

Expansion of the Trade in Northern Alaska and Western Arctic Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bockstoce
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Whaling Industry ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Northern Alaska

This chapter focuses on the development and advance of the arctic fur trade to the year 1914: the decline of the shore whaling industry and the rise of the market for white fox furs; the beginning of the dispersal of trapping families along the coast; the importance of the Cape Smythe Whaling and Trading Company at Barrow, Alaska; and the activities of H. Liebes and Company, furriers of San Francisco.

scholarly journals A Photographic Record of the Upper Headwater Tributaries, Basins and Riparia of the Snake River

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Susan Green ◽  
Dr. Michael Krop
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Glacier Bay ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Bear Management

Photographic surveys have been used since the early 1940’s to document coastlines, fuel supplies and river courses. The US Navy, post world war II, flew over the Arctic coast to document possible locations for oil extraction. These very same photos are now being utilized to compare changes in tundra vegetation at the same locations today. John Muirs’ photos of Glacier Bay are a startling testament to the melted glaciers no longer visible from the same vantage point in present times. Taking photographs to monitor change may not tell the entire story behind a change in landscape. However, photos taken over a number of years from the same vantage points, can help monitor landscape changes due to habitat fragmentation, global warming, forest fire, cattle grazing and other land management issues. Photo monitoring is inexpensive, simple and can portray change to many different groups. Of course, photos taken to reveal change must start with documenting current or normal conditions. This is sometimes called baseline monitoring. The park ranger in Glacier National Park did not realize when he took his picture of the Grinnell glacier in 1911 that his photo would become an alarming baseline photo for evidence of global warming. The purpose of this project was to document the Snake River headwater basin and its riparian zones as a document in time for future reference. The original documentation included 48 images of two main headwater areas; the Shoshone and Lewis Lake areas and the Fox Park-Two Ocean Bear Management Areas near the Yellowstone Park border. Since the Shoshone-Lewis lakes are easily assessable and photo space here is limited, I have chosen to only use photos from the more remote areas.

scholarly journals Dynamical Downscaling Data for Studying Climatic Impacts on Hydrology, Permafrost, and Ecosystems in Arctic Alaska

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cai ◽  
Vladimir A. Alexeev ◽  
Christopher D. Arp ◽  
Benjamin M. Jones ◽  
Anna Liljedahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Linear Scaling ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature Bias ◽  
Northern Alaska

Abstract. Climatic changes are most pronounced in northern high latitude regions. Yet, there is a paucity of observational data, both spatially and temporally, such that regional-scale dynamics are not fully captured, limiting our ability to make reliable projections. In this study, a group of dynamical downscaling products were created for the period 1950 to 2100 to better understand climate change and its impacts on hydrology, permafrost, and ecosystems at a resolution suitable for northern Alaska. An ERA-interim reanalysis dataset and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) served as the forcing mechanisms in this dynamical downscaling framework, and the Weather Research & Forecast (WRF) model, embedded with an optimization for the Arctic (Polar WRF), served as the Regional Climate Model (RCM). This downscaled output consists of multiple climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, wind speed, dew point temperature, and surface air pressure) for a 10 km grid spacing at three-hour intervals. The modeling products were evaluated and calibrated using a bias-correction approach. The ERA-interim forced WRF (ERA-WRF) produced reasonable climatic variables as a result, yielding a more closely correlated temperature field than precipitation field when long-term monthly climatology was compared with its forcing and observational data. A linear scaling method then further corrected the bias, based on ERA-interim monthly climatology, and bias-corrected ERA-WRF fields were applied as a reference for calibration of both the historical and the projected CESM forced WRF (CESM-WRF) products. Biases, such as, a cold temperature bias during summer and a warm temperature bias during winter as well as a wet bias for annual precipitation that CESM holds over northern Alaska persisted in CESM-WRF runs. The linear scaling of CESM-WRF eventually produced high-resolution downscaling products for the Alaskan North Slope for hydrological and ecological research, together with the calibrated ERA-WRF run, and its capability extends far beyond that. Other climatic research has been proposed, including exploration of historical and projected climatic extreme events and their possible connections to low-frequency sea-atmospheric oscillations, as well as near-surface permafrost degradation and ice regime shifts of lakes. These dynamically downscaled, bias corrected climatic datasets provide improved spatial and temporal resolution data necessary for ongoing modeling efforts in northern Alaska focused on reconstructing and projecting hydrologic changes, ecosystem processes and responses, and permafrost thermal regimes. The dynamical downscaling methods presented in this study can also be used to create more suitable model input datasets for other sub-regions of the Arctic. Supplementary data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.863625.

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