Techniques for assessing sand and gravel resources in glaciofluvial deposits; an example using the surficial geologic map of the Loudon Quadrangle, Merrimack and Belknap counties, New Hampshire

The Trafalgar 7.5-minute quadrangle is situated near the maximum limit of Wisconsin Episode glacial deposits insouthwestern Johnson County. Till of Wisconsin Episode age (Trafalgar Formation) dominates the surficial geology of thequadrangle. Minor areas of Wisconsin Episode outwash and colluvium are found in valleys and former meltwater pathways.Kame deposits (sand and gravel) are found in the northeast part of the quadrangle and are part of a larger kame complexpresent in central Johnson County. Holocene (post-glacial) alluvium is found in the valleys of the North and South Prongsof Stotts Creek and tributaries. It is also found in two tributary valleys (Barnes Creek and Goose Creek) of Indian Creek inthe southwestern sector of the quadrangle. Unconsolidated sediment thickness generally increases from west to east acrossthe quadrangle, from less than 15 ft along the western margin of the quadrangle to over 150 ft thick in the east-central part ofthe quadrangle. The west to east transition of bedrock topography represents the buried northern end of the KnobstoneEscarpment. Based on water well data, the bedrock topography of the western half of the quadrangle is highly variable (reliefof ca. 75 ft), similar to that of the bedrock-dominated topography immediately to the south in Brown County. Thequadrangle is underlain entirely by Mississippian Borden Group bedrock. The Wisconsin Episode maximum limit is locatedless than one mile south of the southern boundary of the quadrangle. Radiocarbon ages from an exposure along Lick Creeksouth of Trafalgar indicate the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached its maximum extent just after 23,700 years ago. A second glaciallimit, marked by the Crawfordsville Moraine, crosses the quadrangle from northwest to southeast. TheCrawfordsville Moraine represents the limit of a readvance which occurred 21,700 years ago. This preliminary geologic mapis an interim geologic map product that documents progress in mapping the Quaternary geology of Johnson County,Indiana. The lithologic classification of the Quaternary units of Indiana was used in assigning map units.

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