Cruise report for C1-94-OW; reconnaissance high resolution geopulse data acquired for seismic hazard studies along the Columbia River from July 18-22, 1994

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Ryan ◽  
A.J. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Columbia River

scholarly journals Carbon inputs from riparian vegetation limit oxidation of physically-bound organic carbon via biochemical and thermodynamic processes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily B. Graham ◽  
Malak Tfaily ◽  
Alex R. Crump ◽  
Amy E. Goldman ◽  
Lisa Bramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
River Corridor ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

In light of increasing terrestrial carbon (C) transport across aquatic boundaries, the mechanisms governing organic carbon (OC) oxidation along terrestrial-aquatic interfaces are crucial to future climate predictions. Here, we investigate the biochemistry, metabolic pathways, and thermodynamics corresponding to OC oxidation in the Columbia River corridor using ultra-high resolution C characterization. We leverage natural vegetative differences to encompass variation in terrestrial C inputs. Our results suggest that decreases in terrestrial C deposition associated with diminished riparian vegetation induce oxidation of physically-bound OC. We also find that contrasting metabolic pathways oxidize OC in the presence and absence of vegetation and -- in direct conflict with the priming concept -- that inputs of water-soluble and thermodynamically favorable terrestrial OC protects bound-OC from oxidation. In both environments, the most thermodynamically favorable compounds appear to be preferentially oxidized regardless of which OC pool microbiomes metabolize. In turn, we suggest that the extent of riparian vegetation causes sediment microbiomes to locally adapt to oxidize a particular pool of OC, but that common thermodynamic principles govern the oxidation of each pool (i.e., water-soluble or physically-bound). Finally, we propose a mechanistic conceptualization of OC oxidation along terrestrial-aquatic interfaces that can be used to model heterogeneous patterns of OC loss under changing land cover distributions.

High-resolution seismic reflection exploration for evaluating the seismic hazard in a Plio-Quaternary intermontane basin (L'Aquila downtown, central Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tallini ◽  
Marco Spadi ◽  
Domenico Cosentino ◽  
Marco Nocentini ◽  
Giuseppe Cavuoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Intermontane Basin

High-Resolution Seismic Hazard Analysis in a Complex Geological Configuration: The Case of the Sulmona Basin in Central Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Villani ◽  
Ezio Faccioli ◽  
Mario Ordaz ◽  
Marco Stupazzini
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Element ◽  
Seismic Wave Propagation ◽  
Novel Approach

This work proposes a novel approach for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA) in the near field of active earthquake faults, in which deterministically computed ground motion scenarios, replacing empirically predicted ground motion values, are introduced. In fact, the databases of most ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) tend to be insufficiently constrained at short distances and data may only partially account for the rupture process, seismic wave propagation and three-dimensional (3-D) complex configurations. Hence, herein, 3-D numerical simulations of a Mw = 6.4 earthquake rupture of the Sulmona fault in Central Italy, are carried out through the spectral element code GeoELSE ( f < 2.5 Hz), and the results are introduced in a PSHA, exploiting the capabilities of CRISIS2008 code. The SH results obtained highlight the combined effects of site, basin, and topographic features, and provide a “high-resolution” representation of the hazard in the Sulmona Basin, particularly at long periods. Such representation is expected to be more realistic than those based simply on a GMPE.

Mapping tectonic strain in the central Alpine-Himalayan Belt with Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rollins ◽  
Tim Wright ◽  
Jonathan Weiss ◽  
Andrew Hooper ◽  
Richard Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
Himalayan Belt ◽  
Automated Processing

&lt;p&gt;Geodetic measurements of crustal deformation provide crucial constraints on a region&amp;#8217;s tectonics, geodynamics and seismic hazard. However, such geodetic constraints have traditionally been hampered by poor spatial and/or temporal sampling, which can result in ambiguities about how the lithosphere accommodates strain in space and time, and therefore where and how often earthquakes might occur. High-resolution surface deformation maps address this limitation by imaging (rather than presuming or modelling) where and how deformation takes place. These maps are now within reach for the Alpine-Himalayan Belt thanks to the COMET-LiCSAR InSAR processing system, which performs large-scale automated processing and time-series analysis of Sentinel-1 InSAR data. Expanding from our work focused on Anatolia, we are combining LiCSAR products with GNSS data to generate high-resolution maps of tectonic strain rates across the central Alpine-Himalayan Belt. Then, assuming that the buildup rate of seismic moment (deficit) from this geodetically-derived strain is balanced over the long term by the rate of moment release in earthquakes, we pair these strain rate maps with seismic catalogs to estimate the recurrence intervals of large, moderate and small earthquakes throughout the region. We also use arguments from dislocation modeling to identify two key signatures of a locked fault in a strain rate field, allowing us to convert the strain maps to &amp;#8220;effective fault maps&amp;#8221; and assess the contribution of individual fault systems to crustal deformation and seismic hazard. Finally, we address how to expand these approaches to the Alpine-Himalaya Belt as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals High resolution sampling of methane transport in the Columbia River near-field plume: Implications for sources and sinks in a river-dominated estuary

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (S1) ◽  
pp. S204-S220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Pfeiffer-Herbert ◽  
F. G. Prahl ◽  
B. Hales ◽  
J. A. Lerczak ◽  
S. D. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Sources And Sinks

scholarly journals Active fault segments along the North Anatolian Fault system in the Sea of Marmara: implication for seismic hazard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Gasperini ◽  
Massimiliano Stucchi ◽  
Vincenzo Cedro ◽  
Mustapha Meghraoui ◽  
Gulsen Ucarkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
North Anatolian Fault ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
The North

AbstractA new analysis of high-resolution multibeam and seismic reflection data, collected during several oceanographic expeditions starting from 1999, allowed us to compile an updated morphotectonic map of the North Anatolian Fault below the Sea of Marmara. We reconstructed kinematics and geometries of individual fault segments, active at the time scale of 10 ka, an interval which includes several earthquake cycles, taking as stratigraphic marker the base of the latest marine transgression. Given the high deformation rates relative to sediment supply, most active tectonic structures have a morphological expression at the seafloor, even in presence of composite fault geometries and/or overprinting due to mass-wasting or turbidite deposits. In the frame of the right-lateral strike-slip domain characterizing the North Anatolian fault system, three types of deformation are observed: almost pure strike-slip faults, oriented mainly E–W; NE/SW-aligned axes of transpressive structures; NW/SE-oriented trans-tensional depressions. Fault segmentation occurs at different scales, but main segments develop along three major right-lateral oversteps, which delimit main fault branches, from east to west: (i) the transtensive Cinarcik segment; (ii) the Central (East and West) segments; and (iii) the westernmost Tekirdag segment. A quantitative morphometric analysis of the shallow deformation patterns observed by seafloor morphology maps and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles along the entire basin allowed to determine nature and cumulative lengths of individual fault segments. These data were used as inputs for empirical relationships, to estimate maximum expected Moment Magnitudes, obtaining values in the range of 6.8–7.4 for the Central, and 6.9–7.1 for the Cinarcik and Tekirdag segments, respectively. We discuss these findings considering analyses of historical catalogues and available paleoseismological studies for the Sea of Marmara region to formulate reliable seismic hazard scenarios.

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