scholarly journals Cottonwoods, water, and people-Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. McNeeley ◽  
Jonathan M. Friedman ◽  
Tyler A. Beeton ◽  
Richard D. Thaxton
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Northern Arapaho ◽  
Wind River Reservation

American Indian Breastfeeding Folklore from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Diane Powers ◽  
Vicki Bodley Tapia
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
American Indian Women ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Northern Arapaho ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Wind River Reservation

Over the years, much of the folklore of breastfeeding has been lost because women did not write history, they told stories. This article shares breastfeeding lore from stories told to the authors by American Indian women from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho tribes on the Wind River Reservation near Lander, Wyoming. These women related stories describing treatment for milk fever (mastitis), the white man’s influence on mother/baby separation and its outcome, elderly women inducing lactation, breastfeeding and birth control, and how women dressed for ease of breastfeeding in former times. It is with appreciation for other cultures that we add this information from American Indians to the archives of breastfeeding history.

Bright sparks reveal invisible tree rings

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirin Schiermeier
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings

scholarly journals Tree-Ring Analysis of Intermediate Hawthorn (Crataegus media Bechst.) in NW Poland

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Bernard Cedro
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Uncultivated Land ◽  
Nw Poland

Intermediate hawthorn (Crataegus × media Bechst.) is broadly distributed in Europe but very rarely examined by dendrochronologists. In NW Poland, it is one of three naturally occurring hawthorn species, growing mainly at forest margins, along roads, in mid-field woodlots, and on uncultivated land. Biocenotically, it is a very valuable species. This study aimed to determine the age of trees, tree-ring dynamics, and growth–climate relationship for intermediate hawthorn. Signature years were also determined. Samples for analysis were collected from 22 trees growing in a typical agricultural landscape in a monospecific mid-field woodlot comprised of several hundred specimens of various ages and forms (shrubs and trees). Using classic methods of dendrochronological dating, a 40-year long chronology spanning 1981–2020 was constructed. The radial growth rate of intermediate hawthorn is comparable to other tree species forming stands in NW Poland and equals 2.41 mm/year. Considerable intersubject variability is noted, from 1.48 to 4.44 mm/year. The chronology was also used for dendroclimatological analyses, including correlation and response function and signature years. Of the meteorological parameters analyzed, annual incremental growth in hawthorn is the most strongly shaped by precipitation totals from May to August of the current vegetation year: high rainfall favors the formation of wide tree-rings. Statistically significant growth–climate relationships were also obtained for winter months (December of the preceding vegetation year, January and February), for which period negative correlation and regression values are noted for air temperature and insolation. Furthermore, high precipitation, low-temperature and low insolation late in the preceding vegetation year (especially in August) make a positive influence on the condition of trees in the upcoming growing season. Signature year analysis clearly pointed to precipitation as the dominant factor in shaping tree-rings in the studied hawthorn population. As there are no dendrochronological papers concerning indigenous hawthorn species, future studies should be expanded to include diverse geographic locations and habitat conditions and should include all three species of hawthorn occurring in Poland.

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