Chemical analyses in the World Coal Quality Inventory

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Tewalt ◽  
Harvey E. Belkin ◽  
John R. SanFilipo ◽  
Matthew D. Merrill ◽  
Curtis A. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
The World

The World Coal Quality Inventory: A status report

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Tewalt ◽  
Jason C. Willett ◽  
Robert B. Finkelman
Keyword(s):  
Status Report ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
The World

Pyroxene and biotite from the charnockitic rocks of Garbham area, Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (290) ◽  
pp. 682-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Equilibrium Distribution ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
The World

SummaryChemical analyses and optical properties of ten orthopyroxenes, two clinopyroxenes, and six biotites (partial analyses) are presented from basic to intermediate charnockites of the Garbham area. The orthopyroxene is hypersthene to ferrohypersthene and the clinopyroxene is sahlite. Biotite has secondarily formed from pyroxene, particularly orthopyroxene, as a result of injection of potassic fluid in the basic charnockite. By combining the data of Srikakulam with those from other areas of the world it is shown that during the transformation of pyroxene to biotite in charnockitic rocks, in general, Mg and Fe 2+ attain near-equilibrium distribution between orthopyroxene and biotite as well as between clinopyroxene and biotite. The magnesium distribution coefficient (KD) of coexisting orthopyroxene and biotite is found to increase with the increase of temperature of biotite formation. A tentative geothermometric scale has been proposed plotting temperature of biotite formation against magnesium distribution coefficient of coexisting orthopyroxene and biotite. According to this scale, biotite in basic and semibasic charnockites from Garbham has formed between 285 and 465 °C.

scholarly journals Carapa guianensis Aublet (Andiroba) Seed Oil: Chemical Composition and Antileishmanial Activity of Limonoid-Rich Fractions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara dos Santos da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Carla Junqueira Moragas Tellis ◽  
Maria do Socorro dos Santos Chagas ◽  
Maria Dutra Behrens ◽  
Kátia da Silva Calabrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Carapa Guianensis ◽  
Intracellular Amastigotes ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Communities

Leishmaniasis is a complex of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and affects millions of people around the world. Several species of plants are used by traditional communities for the treatment of this disease, among which is Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae), popularly known as andiroba. The objective of the present work was to conduct a chemical study of C. guianensis seed oil and its limonoid-rich fractions, with the aim of identifying its secondary metabolites, particularly the limonoids, in addition to investigating its anti-Leishmania potential. The chemical analyses of the C. guianensis seed oil and fractions were obtained by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The cytotoxic activity was tested against peritoneal macrophages, and antileishmanial activity was evaluated against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. All the C. guianensis seed oil samples analyzed exhibited the same pattern of fatty acids, while the limonoids 7-deacetoxy-7-hydroxygedunin, deacetyldihydrogedunin, deoxygedunin, andirobin, gedunin, 11β-hydroxygedunin, 17-glycolyldeoxygedunin, 6α-acetoxygedunin, and 6α,11β-diacetoxygedunin were identified in the limonoid-rich fractions of the oil. The C. guianensis seed oil did not exhibit antileishmanial activity, and cytotoxicity was higher than 1000 μg/mL. Three limonoid-rich oil fractions demonstrated activity against promastigotes (IC50 of 10.53±0.050, 25.3±0.057, and 56.9±0.043μg/mL) and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 of 27.31±0.091, 78.42±0.086, and 352.2±0.145 μg/mL) of L. amazonensis, as well as cytotoxicity against peritoneal macrophages (CC50 of 78.55±1.406, 139.0±1.523, and 607.7±1.217 μg/mL). The anti-Leishmania activity of the limonoid-rich fractions of C. guianensis can be attributed to the limonoids 11β-hydroxygedunin and 6α,11β-diacetoxygedunin detected in the chemical analysis.

Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) in frozen banana pulp: Influence on rheological, nutritional and sensory characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110606
Author(s):  
Elisangela Aparecida Nazario Franco ◽  
Davy William Hidalgo Chávez ◽  
Antonia Barbosa de Lima ◽  
Maria do Socorro Rocha Bastos ◽  
Nathália Ramos de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Plantago Ovata ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

A frozen banana pulp with functional properties was developed and characterized in this work. For this, 0 g, 3 g, 5 g and 7 g of psyllium in 100 g of banana pulp were added. The use of this fiber in industrialized products can contribute to the nutritional enrichment of the products and provide functional benefits already acknowledged, such as lowering LDL cholesterol, lowering blood glucose, increasing satiety and relieving constipation. According to the World Health Organization, vegetable consumption should be increased, as it reduces the risk of chronic diseases. The main purpose of this work was to incorporate psyllium in frozen banana pulp to develop a healthy product. The samples were evaluated through chemical analyses, rheological properties and sensory testing with Check-All-That-Apply questions (CATA). The addition of psyllium had a significant effect not only on the viscosity but also on the sensory and nutritional properties of the frozen banana pulp. This study indicated that the production of frozen banana pulp with psyllium is viable, as it has desirable nutritional and sensory characteristics which can contribute to the maintenance of health.

Mineral chemistry and paragenesis of astrophyllite from Egypt

1992 ◽  
Vol 56 (382) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Fattah M. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Cation Vacancies ◽  
Type Complex ◽  
The World ◽  
Compositional Variations ◽  
Image Position

AbstractAstrophyllite is a rock-forming mineral (3.4 vol.%) in the metasomatized wallrocks within 2 to 3 km of the contact with the Mount Gharib A-type complex in northeastern Egypt. In the peralkaline A-type granites of the main complex, astrophyllite occurs in accessory amounts (0.1 to 0.5 vol.%), mostly in association with arfvedsonite. Eighteen chemical analyses of astrophyllite from both rock units have been used to discuss mineral chemistry, compositional variations and isomorphism.Substitutions in the astrophyllite unit cell [(Na,K)3Fe7Ti2Si8(O,OH)31] involve F, Ca, Mn, Zn, Mg, Nb, Zr, Sn and A1. The contents of the unit cell depart from ideal stiochiometry. Unusually high Nb contents (up to 5 wt.% Nb2O5) characterize the Egyptian astrophyllitcs. The replacement of Ti by Nb is balanced by cation vacancies (Nb5+ → Ti4+ + □). The niobophyllite-astrophyllite relationship and the structure of astrophyllite in relation to mica and biopyriboles are discussed.Astrophyllite may have been formed at the expense of alkali amphiboles by metasomatic reactions involving Ti-Nb-rich alkaline fluids and arfvedsonite;Most astrophyllite reported in the literature occurs in association with alkali amphiboles, particularly arfvedsonite, thus suggesting that similar metasomatic reactions were responsible for the formation of astrophyllite in many other localities in the world.

Pyrophanite from the Benallt mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire

1947 ◽  
Vol 28 (197) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Campbell Smith ◽  
G. F. Claringbull
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Pyrophanite was recorded by one of us in a recent paper as one of the minerals occurring at the Benallt manganese mine in the vein from which material for the chemical analyses of the new manganese-rich chlorite, pennantite, was separated. As this was only the third record of pyrophanite in the world it seems necessary to give, very briefly, the evidence for its identification.

Element 43—Technetium

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Scerri
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
P Element ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
New Members ◽  
The World ◽  
Emilio Segrè

Element 43 (fig. 6.1) holds a special distinction among the seven elements of this book. It was one of just four elements that Mendeleev first predicted in his famous table and article of 1871. This fact is not so well known, as most accounts mention just the three famous predictions, namely empty spaces to which Mendeleev gave atomic weights of 44, 68, and 72. These three elements were all discovered within a period of fifteen years and named scandium, gallium, and germanium, respectively. But in the same early table, Mendeleev assigned an atomic weight to just one more empty space, which he placed below manganese. Mendeleev predicted that it would have an atomic weight of 100, although he changed it slightly to 99 in his book, The Principles of Chemistry . Given the success of Mendeleev’s first three predictions it is hardly surprising that strenuous efforts were made, in many parts of the world, to find the fourth element. Little did these early chemists know the problems they would encounter in trying to isolate this particularly rare and unstable element. In the early twentieth century, several claims were made for the discovery of the element. But these alleged elements, given various names such as davyum, illenium, lucium, and nipponium all turned out to be spurious. Then, in 1925, as mentioned in the last chapter, Otto Berg, Walter Noddack, and Ida Tacke (later Ida Noddack), claimed to have discovered not just one but two new members of group 7, which they named masurium and rhenium. Although their discovery of rhenium was accepted, their claim for the element directly below manganese has been bitterly disputed ever since. The official discovery of element 43 is accorded to Emilio Segrè and coworkers. Technetium, as they eventually called it, had to be synthesized rather than isolated from naturally occurring sources. It is also the only element to ever be “discovered” in Italy—in Palermo, Sicily, to be more precise. Segrè , who had been a visitor at the Berkeley cyclotron facility in California, was sent some molybdenum plates that had been irradiated for several months with a deuterium beam. Various chemical analyses by the Italian team revealed a new element, which could be extracted by boiling with sodium hydroxide that also contained a small amount of hydrogen peroxide.

The World Coal Quality Inventory: South America

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Tewalt ◽  
Linda J. Bragg ◽  
Robert B. Finkelman
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
The World
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