Quaternary stratigraphy and tectonics, and late prehistoric agriculture of the Safford Basin (Gila and San Simon river valleys), Graham County, Arizona

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda B. Houser ◽  
Phillip A. Pearthree ◽  
Jeffry A. Homburg ◽  
Lawrence C. Thrasher
Keyword(s):  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Prehistoric Agriculture ◽  
Quaternary Stratigraphy ◽  
River Valleys

The Middle Columbia Cremation Complex

1952 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Garth
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Late Prehistoric Period ◽  
John Day ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
New Evidence

Cremation pits were discovered in the Yakima and Snake River valleys and on the Columbia at Wahluke and at The Dalles before 1927. Recently one has been described from the John Day region in Oregon by Cressman (1950). The cremation complex which the pits represent appears in the late prehistoric period and was undoubtedly widespread and important in the cultural development of the region. In the Dalles-Arlington area, at least, it lasted into historic times. Recent evidence associates the cremation complex with Sahaptin groups inhabiting the region above The Dalles until late historic times. This new evidence controverts an earlier theory, largely based on ethnological traditions, that the Salish were the early inhabitants of the area. The finding of burials below the cremation level at Sheep Island (i.e., a stratified burial site) has particular bearing on the problem.

Estimating Original Firing Tempieraiure in Low Fired Prehistoric Ceramics

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Feathers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Prehistoric Pottery ◽  
Prehistoric Ceramics ◽  
River Valleys

AbstractThe river valley clays used for prehistoric pottery throughout much of Eastern North America require a nonplastic additive, or temper, to improve their workability and reduce drying shrinkage. During the Late Prehistoric (roughly after 900 AD) crushed shell was added as temper along most of the river valleys of the Midwest and along portions of the Gulf and Atlantic coasts.

scholarly journals Geophysical, geological, and hydrogeological characterization of a tributary buried bedrock valley in southern Ontario

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 641-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby M. Steelman ◽  
Emmanuelle Arnaud ◽  
Peeter Pehme ◽  
Beth L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Bedrock Channel ◽  
Quaternary Stratigraphy ◽  
Geophysical Logs ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Bedrock Aquifer ◽  
River Valleys

Buried bedrock valleys infilled with Quaternary-aged sediment have the potential to become productive aquifers owing to prevalent sand and gravel deposits often associated with these topographic lows. In areas where groundwater is drawn from the underlying bedrock aquifer, buried bedrock channels may significantly affect the spatial distribution of recharge and localized contaminant pathways. Therefore, understanding the form, distribution, and the nature of Quaternary infill sediments within these buried bedrock river valleys, and their relationship to hydraulically transmissive bedrock features is an important aspect of groundwater resource management. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of electrical resistivity and seismic refraction collected over a partially urbanized 150 ha area with variable vegetation, roads, and structures, to map the spatial distribution of sediments and delineation of a channel segment associated with a regional bedrock valley. Electrical resistivity and seismic refraction was performed along 13 (covering ∼11.6 km) and seven transects (covering ∼0.9 km), respectively, to map and characterize the bedrock surface morphology beneath a variable thickness of unconsolidated deposits. Three continuously cored holes and downhole geophysical logs, supplemented with four nearby water well records captured the in-channel as well as adjacent Quaternary stratigraphy (∼15–40 m). Cores recorded multiple glacial till deposits and ice-marginal processes associated with ice advances and retreats. Hydraulic transmissivity of the bedrock around the valley feature was evaluated using a FLUTe hydraulic transmissivity profiling technique. This study demonstrates the potential of combining several surface geophysical methods with sedimentological analysis of continuous cores and hydraulic data for characterizing tributary bedrock channel morphology and Quaternary infill at a scale relevant to localized studies of municipal production well recharge zones and contaminant transport and fate.

The use of scanning electron microscopy in interpreting chenopodium remains from three archaeological sites in northwestern Iowa

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1112-1113
Author(s):  
Douglas William Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Chenopodium Berlandieri ◽  
Seed Identification ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Within the past 20 years, archaeobotanical research in the Eastern United States has documented an early agricultural complex before the dominance of the Mesoamerican domesticates (corn, beans, and squash) in late prehistoric and historic agricultural systems. This early agricultural complex consisted of domesticated plants such as Iva annua var.macrocarpa (Sumpweed or Marshelder), Hellanthus annuus (Sunflower) and Chenopodium berlandieri, (Goosefoot or Lasbsquarters), and heavily utilized plants such as Polygonum erectum (Erect Knotweed), Phalaris caroliniana (May grass), and Hordeum pusillum (Little Barley).Recent research involving the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) specifically on Chenopodium has established diagnostic traits of wild and domesticated species seeds. This is important because carbonized or uncarbonized seeds are the most commonly recovered Chenopodium material from archaeological sites. The diagnostic seed traits assist archaeobotanists in identification of Chenopodium remains and provide a basis for evaluation of Chenopodium utilization in a culture's subsistence patterns. With the aid of SEM, an analysis of Chenopodium remains from three Late Prehistoric sites in Northwest Iowa (Blood Run [Oneota culture], Brewster [Mill Creek culture], and Chan-Ya-Ta [Mill Creek culture]) has been conducted to: 1) attempt seed identification to a species level, 2) evaluate the traits of the seeds for classification as either wild or domesticated, and 3) evaluate the role of Chenopodium utilization in both the Oneota and Mill Creek cultures.

A Summary Report on Second World War Activity at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Matt Nichol
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Summary Report ◽  
World War ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Field Boundary ◽  
Development Area ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Second World

An archaeological excavation of four areas approximately 0.39ha in total, of land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire, was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in November and December 2016. It followed the recording of two Pill Boxes and a trial trench evaluation of a wider development area. In all four areas archaeological features were identified. The artefactual evidence indicated five phases of archaeological activity, with features dating from the late prehistoric, medieval, medieval/post-medieval, and post-medieval to modern wartime period. Several heavily truncated isolated prehistoric features were identified, as were field boundary ditches of medieval to the post-medieval date. Many undated, but presumed modern, postholes were found across the site. The postholes may have been the result of an extensive network of Second World War temporary timber structures known as tactical obstacles (including barbed wire entanglements and tank proof obstacles) erected during anti-invasion defence works. These structures were likely to have been part of the important Stop Line Defence network, Line A of the GHQ (General Headquarters) line of defences, which were planned to slow down a ground invasion.

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